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E-raamat: Ceramic Matrix Composites - Materials, Modeling and Technology: Materials, Modeling and Technology [Wiley Online]

, (NASA, Glenn Research Center)
  • Formaat: 720 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 20-Jan-2015
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-American Ceramic Society
  • ISBN-10: 111883299X
  • ISBN-13: 9781118832998
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Wiley Online
  • Hind: 237,84 €*
  • * hind, mis tagab piiramatu üheaegsete kasutajate arvuga ligipääsu piiramatuks ajaks
Ceramic Matrix Composites - Materials, Modeling and Technology: Materials, Modeling and TechnologySuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 720 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 20-Jan-2015
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-American Ceramic Society
  • ISBN-10: 111883299X
  • ISBN-13: 9781118832998
Teised raamatud teemal:
Wiley Online e-raamatudRohkem infot Wiley Online kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118832998
"This book is a comprehensive source of state-of-the-art information on ceramic matrix composites (CMC). It covers ceramic and carbon fibers, the fiber-matrix interface, processing, properties and industrial applications of CMC systems, architecture, mechanical behavior at room and elevated temperatures, environmental effects and protective coatings, foreign object damage, modeling, life prediction, integration, and joining. The book is intended for researchers, as well as teachers and students in ceramic science and engineering, materials science and engineering, and aeronautical, mechanical, and civil or aerospace engineering"--

This book is a comprehensive source of information on various aspects of ceramic matrix composites (CMC). It covers ceramic and carbon fibers; the fiber-matrix interface; processing, properties and industrial applications of various CMC systems; architecture, mechanical behavior at room and elevated temperatures, environmental effects and protective coatings, foreign object damage, modeling, life prediction, integration and joining. Each chapter in the book is written by specialists and internationally renowned researchers in the field. This book will provide state-of-the-art information on different aspects of CMCs. The book will be directed to researchers working in industry, academia, and national laboratories with interest and professional competence on CMCs. The book will also be useful to senior year and graduate students pursuing degrees in ceramic science and engineering, materials science and engineering, aeronautical, mechanical, and civil or aerospace engineering.
  • Presents recent advances, new approaches and discusses new issues in the field, such as foreign object damage, life predictions, multiscale modeling based on probabilistic approaches, etc.
  • Caters to the increasing interest in the application of ceramic matrix composites (CMC) materials in areas as diverse as aerospace, transport, energy, nuclear, and environment. CMCs are considered ans enabling technology for advanced aeropropulsion, space propulsion, space power, aerospace vehicles, space structures, as well as nuclear and chemical industries.
  • Offers detailed descriptions of ceramic and carbon fibers; fiber-matrix interface; processing, properties and industrial applications of various CMC systems; architecture, mechanical behavior at room and elevated temperatures, environmental effects and protective coatings, foreign object damage, modeling, life prediction, integration/joining.
Preface xv
Contributors xvii
Part I Fibers: Interface and Architecture
1(84)
1 Reinforcement of Ceramic Matrix Composites: Properties of SiC-Based Filaments and Tows
3(24)
Jacques Lamon
Stephane Mazerat
Mohamed R'Mili
1.1 Introduction
3(1)
1.2 Processing of SiC-Based Filaments
4(2)
1.3 Fracture Characteristics of Single Filaments
6(5)
1.3.1 Statistical Strength Distributions
6(1)
1.3.2 Weibull Distribution of Failure Strengths
6(2)
1.3.3 Determination of Weibull Statistical Parameters
8(1)
1.3.4 Normal Distribution
9(2)
1.4 Multifilament Tows
11(5)
1.4.1 The Bundle Model
13(1)
1.4.2 Filaments--Tows Relations: Tow-Based Testing Methods for Determination of Single Filament Properties
14(2)
1.5 Mechanical Behavior at High Temperatures
16(7)
1.5.1 Strength Degradation and Oxidation at High Temperature
16(1)
1.5.2 Static Fatigue Under Constant Load at Intermediate Temperatures: Subcritical Crack Growth
16(7)
1.6 Summary
23(4)
References
23(4)
2 Carbon Fibers
27(13)
Herwig Peterlik
2.1 Introduction/Production Routes
27(1)
2.2 Structure of Carbon Fibers
28(4)
2.2.1 Levels 1 and 2, Atomic level
28(1)
2.2.2 Level 3, Lower Nanometer Range
28(3)
2.2.3 Level 4, Upper Nanometer Range
31(1)
2.2.4 Level 5, 10-μm Range
32(1)
2.3 Stiffness and Strength of Carbon Fibers
32(4)
2.4 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions
36(4)
Acknowledgments
37(1)
References
37(3)
3 Influence of Interfaces and Interphases on the Mechanical Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composites
40(25)
Jacques Lamon
3.1 Introduction
40(1)
3.2 Role of Interfacial Domain in CMCs
41(8)
3.2.1 Crack Initiation at Interfaces
41(1)
3.2.2 Crack Deflection at Interfaces
41(1)
3.2.3 Approaches to Crack Deflection at Interfaces
42(2)
3.2.4 Deflection Criteria Based on the Cook and Gordon Mechanism
44(1)
3.2.5 Influence of Material Elastic Properties on Crack Deflection
45(4)
3.3 Influence of Deflected Cracks
49(2)
3.4 Strengthened Interfaces and Interphases
51(5)
3.5 Various Concepts of Weak Interfaces/Interphases
56(1)
3.6 Determination of Interfacial Properties
56(4)
3.6.1 The Interfacial Tensile Strength
57(1)
3.6.2 Interfacial Shear Strength or Stress
57(3)
3.7 Interface Selection
60(1)
3.8 Conclusions
60(5)
References
61(4)
4 Textile Reinforcements: Architectures, Mechanical Behavior, and Forming
65(20)
Philippe Boisse
4.1 Introduction
65(1)
4.2 Textile Composite Reinforcements
65(9)
4.2.1 Multiscale Materials: Fibers, Tows, Fabrics
65(2)
4.2.2 Architecture and Geometry of the Unit Woven Cell
67(1)
4.2.3 Experimental Analysis of the Mechanical Behavior
67(6)
4.2.4 Mechanical Behavior Modeling
73(1)
4.3 Reinforcements of Ceramic Composites
74(2)
4.3.1 Silicon Carbide Fibers
74(1)
4.3.2 Textile Reinforcement
75(1)
4.3.3 Infiltration of the Textile Preform
75(1)
4.4 Preforming Simulation
76(5)
4.4.1 Fishnet Algorithm
76(1)
4.4.2 Continuous FE Approaches
76(1)
4.4.3 Hypoelastic Behavior: Simulation of a Double-Dome Forming
77(1)
4.4.4 Composite Reinforcement Forming Using a Semidiscrete Approach
77(4)
4.5 Conclusion
81(4)
References
82(3)
Part II Composite Materials
85(208)
5 Carbon/Carbons and Their Industrial Applications
87(60)
Hiroshi Hatta
Roland Weiss
Patrick David
5.1 Introduction
87(1)
5.2 Manufacturing of Carbon/Carbons
87(10)
5.2.1 Carbon Fiber Reinforcements
88(2)
5.2.2 Matrix Systems
90(5)
5.2.3 Redensification/Recarbonization Cycles
95(1)
5.2.4 Final Heat Treatment
95(2)
5.3 Strengths
97(12)
5.3.1 Introduction
97(1)
5.3.2 Fiber/Matrix Interface
98(3)
5.3.3 Tensile Strength
101(3)
5.3.4 Shear Strength
104(2)
5.3.5 Compressive Strength
106(2)
5.3.6 Fatigue Behavior
108(1)
5.3.7 Concluding Remarks
109(1)
5.4 Thermal Properties of Carbon/Carbon Composites
109(9)
5.4.1 Introduction
109(1)
5.4.2 Thermophysical Properties of Monolithic Carbons
110(1)
5.4.3 Thermal Conductivity of Carbon/Carbons
110(5)
5.4.4 Electrical Properties
115(1)
5.4.5 Thermal Expansion
116(1)
5.4.6 Specific Heat
117(1)
5.4.7 Thermal Shock Resistance
118(1)
5.4.8 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions
118(1)
5.5 Oxidation Protection of Carbon/Carbon
118(8)
5.5.1 Bulk Protection Systems for Carbon/Carbons
119(3)
5.5.2 Outer Multilayer Coatings
122(2)
5.5.3 Outer Glass Sealing Layers
124(2)
5.6 Industrial Applications of Carbon/Carbons
126(21)
5.6.1 Carbon/Carbons for High-Temperature Furnaces
129(5)
5.6.2 Application for Thermal Treatments of Metals
134(3)
5.6.3 Application of Carbon/Carbon in the Solar Energy Market
137(3)
References
140(7)
6 C/SiC and C/C-SiC Composites
147(70)
Bernhard Heidenreich
6.1 Introduction
147(2)
6.2 Manufacturing Methods
149(25)
6.2.1 Chemical Vapor Infiltration
151(6)
6.2.2 Polymer Infiltration and Pyrolysis
157(3)
6.2.3 Melt Infiltration
160(14)
6.3 Properties
174(17)
6.3.1 General Properties
174(2)
6.3.2 Material Composition and Microstructure
176(2)
6.3.3 Mechanical Properties
178(9)
6.3.4 Thermal Properties
187(3)
6.3.5 Oxidation
190(1)
6.3.6 Tribological Properties
191(1)
6.4 Applications
191(18)
6.4.1 Space Applications
192(8)
6.4.2 Applications for Aeronautics
200(2)
6.4.3 Applications for Friction Systems
202(5)
6.4.4 Applications for High Temperature Treatment of Metals
207(2)
6.5 Summary
209(8)
Acknowledgments
209(1)
Abbreviations
210(1)
References
211(6)
7 Advances in SiC/SiC Composites for Aero-Propulsion
217(19)
James A. DiCarlo
7.1 Introduction
217(1)
7.2 Materials and Process Requirements for Structurally Reliable High Temperature SiC/SiC Components
218(1)
7.3 Current Fabrication Routes for SiC/SiC Engine Components
219(1)
7.4 Recent NASA Advancements in SiC/SiC Materials and Processes
220(12)
7.4.1 Advances in SiC-Based Fibers
220(4)
7.4.2 Advances in Interfacial Fiber Coatings
224(1)
7.4.3 Advances in SiC Fiber Architectures
225(2)
7.4.4 Advances in SiC-Based Matrices
227(2)
7.4.5 Advances in SiC/SiC Microstructural Design Methods
229(3)
7.5 Current Microstructural Design Guidelines and Potential Service Issues for Higher Temperature SiC/SiC Components
232(1)
7.6 Concluding Remarks
233(3)
Acknowledgments
233(1)
References
233(3)
8 Oxide--Oxide Composites
236(37)
Kristin A. Keller
George Jefferson
Ronald J. Kerans
8.1 Introduction
236(1)
8.2 Composite Design for Tough Behavior
237(3)
8.2.1 Porous Matrices
237(1)
8.2.2 Interface Control
238(2)
8.3 Fibers and Fiber Architecture
240(1)
8.4 Processing Methods
241(7)
8.4.1 Processing of Interface Coatings
242(1)
8.4.2 Matrix Infiltration
243(4)
8.4.3 Consolidation
247(1)
8.4.4 Metal Oxidation Processing
248(1)
8.5 Porous Matrix Composite Systems
248(2)
8.6 Properties
250(7)
8.6.1 Basic Physical Characteristics
250(1)
8.6.2 Room Temperature Uniaxial Mechanical Properties
251(2)
8.6.3 Long-Term Thermal Exposure
253(1)
8.6.4 Durability
254(1)
8.6.5 Notch Sensitivity and Toughness
255(1)
8.6.6 Off-Axis Properties
256(1)
8.7 Composites with Interface Coatings
257(4)
8.7.1 Weak Oxide--Oxide Phase Boundaries/Weak Oxides
257(3)
8.7.2 Porous Coatings
260(1)
8.7.3 Fugitive Coatings
260(1)
8.7.4 Other Coatings
261(1)
8.8 Technology Development
261(2)
8.9 Potential Future for Oxide--Oxide Composites
263(10)
Acknowledgments
264(1)
References
264(9)
9 Ultrahigh Temperature Ceramic-Based Composites
273(20)
Yutaka Kagawa
Shuqi Guo
9.1 Introduction
273(1)
9.2 Ultrahigh Temperature Ceramic-Based Composites with Particulates
273(12)
9.2.1 Fabrication Methods
273(5)
9.2.2 Physical Properties
278(4)
9.2.3 Mechanical Properties
282(3)
9.3 Ultrahigh Temperature Ceramic-Based Composites with Short Fibers
285(3)
9.3.1 Carbon Fiber-Reinforced ZrB2- or HfB2-Based Ceramics Matrix Composites
286(2)
9.3.2 Silicon Carbide Fiber-Reinforced ZrB2-Based Ceramics Matrix Composites
288(1)
9.4 Summary Remarks and Future Outlook
288(5)
References
290(3)
Part III Environmental Effects and Coatings
293(172)
10 Environmental Effects on Oxide/Oxide Composites
295(39)
Marina B. Ruggles-Wrenn
10.1 Introduction/Background
295(1)
10.2 Mechanical Behavior---Effects of Environment
296(34)
10.2.1 Tensile Stress--Strain Behavior
296(2)
10.2.2 Tensile Creep
298(6)
10.2.3 Tensile Creep and Recovery
304(4)
10.2.4 Tensile Creep---N720/A and N720/AM Composites with ±45 Fiber Orientation
308(5)
10.2.5 Compression and Compression Creep
313(4)
10.2.6 Creep in Interlaminar Shear
317(4)
10.2.7 Tension--Tension Fatigue
321(3)
10.2.8 Tension--Tension Fatigue with Hold Times
324(6)
10.3 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions
330(4)
References
331(3)
11 Stress-Environmental Effects on Fiber-Reinforced SiC-Based Composites
334(19)
Gregory N. Morscher
11.1 Introduction/Background
334(1)
11.2 Mechanisms
334(3)
11.2.1 Surface Recession
336(1)
11.2.2 Interior Oxidation and "Oxidation Embrittlement" (Via Cracks or Exposed Volatile Pathways)
336(1)
11.3 Composite Systems
337(8)
11.3.1 Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced SiC Composites (Cf/SiCm)
337(1)
11.3.2 SiC-Fiber-Reinforced SiC Matrix Composites with Carbon Interphases (SiCf/Ci/SiCm)
338(3)
11.3.3 SiC-Fiber-Reinforced SiC Matrix Composites with BN Interphases (SiCf/BNi/SiCm)
341(4)
11.4 Modeling and Design for Stress-Oxidation Degradation
345(5)
11.4.1 Modeling Stressed-Oxidation Degradation in C/SiC Composites---C Fiber Removal
345(1)
11.4.2 Modeling Stressed-Oxidation Degradation in SiC/C/SiC Composites: Interphase Recession and Fiber Flaw Growth
346(1)
11.4.3 Modeling Stressed-Oxidation Degradation in SiC Fiber Composites---Unbridged Crack Growth Due to Fiber Weakening and Stress Concentration at Unbridged Crack Tip
347(1)
11.4.4 Modeling Stressed-Oxidation Degradation in SiC/BN/SiC Composites: Unbridged Crack Growth Due to Strongly Bonded Fibers and Local Fiber Failure
347(1)
11.4.5 Mechanism Map: Henegar and Jones
348(1)
11.4.6 Simple Design Approach: Matrix Cracking Stress
348(2)
11.5 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions
350(3)
Acknowledgments
350(1)
References
350(3)
12 Environmental Effects: Ablation of C/C Materials---Surface Dynamics and Effective Reactivity
353(36)
Gerard L. Vignoles
Jean Lachaud
Yvan Aspa
12.1 Introduction/Background
353(12)
12.1.1 Materials Description
355(2)
12.1.2 Materials Tests
357(2)
12.1.3 Observation of Roughness Features
359(6)
12.2 Materials Observation: Recession Rate
365(18)
12.2.1 Theory
368(6)
12.2.2 Results and Discussions
374(9)
12.3 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions
383(6)
Acknowledgments
384(1)
References
384(5)
13 Radiation Effects
389(16)
Yutai Katoh
13.1 Introduction
389(1)
13.2 Theory of Radiation Damage
389(3)
13.2.1 What Is Radiation Damage?
389(1)
13.2.2 Radiation Defect Production
390(1)
13.2.3 Defect Migration and Evolutions
391(1)
13.2.4 Resultant Macroscopic Effects
392(1)
13.3 Radiation Effects on Ceramics
392(2)
13.3.1 Silicon Carbide
392(1)
13.3.2 Radiation Damage Evolution in SiC
392(1)
13.3.3 Radiation Effects in SiC
393(1)
13.3.4 Carbon Materials
394(1)
13.4 Radiation Effects in Ceramic Matrix Composites
394(7)
13.4.1 SiC/SiC Composites
394(4)
13.4.2 Interphase in SiC/SiC Composites
398(1)
13.4.3 Carbon Fiber Composites
399(2)
13.5 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions
401(4)
Acknowledgment
402(1)
References
402(3)
14 Foreign Object Damage in Ceramic Matrix Composites
405(25)
Sung R. Choi
14.1 Introduction/Background
405(1)
14.2 Experimental Techniques
406(3)
14.2.1 FOD Test Rig
406(1)
14.2.2 Materials: CMC and Projectile Materials
406(1)
14.2.3 Configuration and Support of CMC Targets
407(1)
14.2.4 Impact Damage Assessments
408(1)
14.3 Phenomena of Foreign Object Damage in CMCs
409(13)
14.3.1 Residual Strength
409(1)
14.3.2 Impact Damage Morphology
410(7)
14.3.3 Prediction of Impact Force
417(3)
14.3.4 Other Effects in FOD
420(2)
14.4 FOD Response of Environmental Barrier Coatings
422(2)
14.5 Comparison of CMCs and Silicon Nitrides
424(1)
14.6 Consideration Factors of FOD in CMCs
425(1)
14.7 Concluding Remarks
426(4)
Acknowledgments
426(1)
References
426(4)
15 Environmental Barrier Coatings for SiCf/SiC
430(22)
Kang N. Lee
15.1 Introduction
430(1)
15.2 Background
431(6)
15.2.1 Silica Volatility
431(1)
15.2.2 Key Requirements for EBC
432(5)
15.3 Evolution of EBCs
437(5)
15.3.1 Mullite Coating
437(1)
15.3.2 First Generation Environmental Coatings
438(3)
15.3.3 Second Generation Environmental Coatings
441(1)
15.3.4 Next Generation Environmental Coatings
442(1)
15.4 Processing, Testing, and Lifing
442(6)
15.4.1 Processing
442(1)
15.4.2 Testing
443(1)
15.4.3 Lifing
444(4)
15.5 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions
448(4)
References
448(4)
16 Oxidation Protective Coatings for Ultrahigh Temperature Composites
452(13)
Qiangang Fu
Yiguang Wang
16.1 Introduction
452(1)
16.2 Basic Requirements of Anti-Oxidation Coating for C/C and C/SiC Composites
453(1)
16.2.1 Inhibiting Ability of Oxygen Diffusion
453(1)
16.2.2 Good Match of Thermal Expansion with C/C and C/SiC Composites
453(1)
16.2.3 Low Volatility during Service Process
453(1)
16.2.4 Compatible Stability with C/C or C/SiC Composites
453(1)
16.2.5 Good Interfacial Bonding with C/C or C/SiC Composites
454(1)
16.3 Preparation Methods of Anti-Oxidation Coatings
454(2)
16.3.1 Pack Cementation
454(1)
16.3.2 Chemical Vapor Deposition
454(1)
16.3.3 Liquid Phase Reaction
454(1)
16.3.4 Plasma Spraying
455(1)
16.3.5 Sol-Gel Method
455(1)
16.3.6 Supercritical Fluid Technique
455(1)
16.3.7 Slurry Method
455(1)
16.3.8 In Situ Reaction
456(1)
16.4 Oxidation-Resistant Coating Systems
456(4)
16.4.1 Glass Coatings
456(1)
16.4.2 Metal Coatings
456(1)
16.4.3 Ceramic Coatings
457(3)
16.5 Composite Coating
460(1)
16.6 Summary
460(5)
References
461(4)
Part IV Modeling
465(84)
17 Damage and Lifetime Modeling for Structure Computations
467(53)
Pierre Ladeveze
Emmanuel Baranger
Martin Genet
Christophe Cluzel
17.1 Introduction
467(1)
17.2 Damage Modeling Based on an Anisotropic Damage Theory Including Closure Effects
468(13)
17.2.1 General Notations
468(1)
17.2.2 Thermodynamic Framework
469(2)
17.2.3 A First CMC Damage Model
471(1)
17.2.4 An Advanced CMC Damage Model
472(7)
17.2.5 Some tools for the Implementation of the Anisotropic Framework
479(2)
17.3 Multiscale Modeling of the Oxidation/Damage Coupling and the Self-Healing Effects
481(22)
17.3.1 Modeling of Fatigue and of the Transverse Intra-yarn Crack Opening
482(8)
17.3.2 Modeling of the Healing Process
490(6)
17.3.3 Modeling of the SubCritical Cracking of Fibers
496(1)
17.3.4 Simulation of Degradation Mechanisms and Prediction of Lifetime
497(6)
17.4 Prediction Capabilities
503(17)
17.4.1 Calculation of the Local Behavior
503(3)
17.4.2 Lifetime Predictions and Application to Damage Tolerance Analysis
506(7)
17.4.3 Control of the Damage Localization and Static Failure Predictions
513(2)
References
515(5)
18 Approach to Microstructure--Behavior Relationships for Ceramic Matrix Composites Reinforced by Continuous Fibers
520(29)
Jacques Lamon
18.1 Introduction
520(1)
18.2 Composite Mechanical Behavior
521(5)
18.2.1 Tensile Stress--Strain Behavior of Composites Reinforced by Continuous Fibers
521(3)
18.2.2 Ultimate Failure
524(2)
18.3 Constituent Properties and Length Scales
526(5)
18.3.1 Length Scales: Micro and Minicomposites
527(1)
18.3.2 Fracture Strength of Matrix
527(1)
18.3.3 Flaw Strength Distributions
528(1)
18.3.4 Damage Tolerance and Influence of Macroscopic Flaws
528(2)
18.3.5 Interface Strength and Influence of Interface Cracks on the Mechanical Behavior
530(1)
18.4 Modeling of Stress--Strain Behavior
531(8)
18.4.1 Stochastic Model of Matrix Fragmentation in 1D Composite and Minicomposite
531(4)
18.4.2 Ultimate Failure in 1D Composite and Minicomposite
535(1)
18.4.3 Toward a Probability-Based General Model of Composite Behavior
536(1)
18.4.4 The Stress--Strain Behavior of 1D Composites and Minicomposites
536(1)
18.4.5 Alternate Approach
537(2)
18.5 Virtual Testing: Computational Approach for Woven Composites
539(3)
18.5.1 Multiple Cracking in Transverse Tows
539(2)
18.5.2 Matrix Damage in 2D Woven Composites
541(1)
18.6 Predictions of Rupture Time
542(3)
18.7 Conclusions
545(4)
References
546(3)
Part V Joining
549(20)
19 Integration and Joining of Ceramic Matrix Composites
551(18)
Monica Ferraris
Valentina Casalegno
19.1 Introduction/Background
551(1)
19.2 Mechanical Joining and Integration of CMC
552(1)
19.3 Adhesive Joining of CMC
553(1)
19.4 Brazing of CMC
553(1)
19.5 Liquid Silicon Infiltration
554(1)
19.6 ArcJoinT
554(1)
19.7 "Exotic" Techniques for Integration And Joining of CMC
555(3)
19.7.1 Transient-Liquid-Phase Bonding
555(1)
19.7.2 Nanopowder Infiltration and Transient Eutectic Phase
555(1)
19.7.3 Spark Plasma Sintering
556(1)
19.7.4 Micro-Wave-Assisted Joining
557(1)
19.7.5 Laser-Assisted Joining
557(1)
19.7.6 Glass and Glass-Ceramic as Joining Materials for CMC
557(1)
19.7.7 Solid State Displacement Reactions
557(1)
19.7.8 Preceramic-Polymer Joints
558(1)
19.8 Back to Basic: Joints for CMC Like in Wood-Based Products
558(2)
19.9 Special Issues
560(1)
19.9.1 Joining of CMC for Nuclear Applications
560(1)
19.9.2 Joining of CMC for Ultrastable Structures
561(1)
19.10 Mechanical Tests on Joined CMC
561(1)
19.10.1 Shear Strength Tests
561(1)
19.10.2 Nondestructive Tests
562(1)
19.11 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions
562(7)
Acknowledgments
563(1)
References
563(6)
Part VI Nondestructive Evaluation
569(22)
20 Use of Acoustic Emission for Ceramic Matrix Composites
571(20)
Gregory N. Morscher
Nathalie Godin
20.1 Introduction/Background
571(1)
20.2 AE Principles and Practice
572(3)
20.3 Event-Based AE Monitoring of CMCs
575(5)
20.3.1 Event-Based AE of CMC Stress--Strain Behavior
576(3)
20.3.2 Event-Based AE of CMC-Elevated Temperature Stress-Rupture
579(1)
20.3.3 Event-Based AE of CMC C-Coupon Testing
580(1)
20.4 AE Signal Analysis Using Pattern Recognition Techniques
580(4)
20.4.1 Unsupervised Clustering Methodology Applied to AE Signals
583(1)
20.4.2 Supervised Pattern Recognition Method
584(1)
20.5 High Temperature Testing and AE Monitoring
584(2)
20.5.1 Identification of Damage Mechanism on SiCf/[ Si-B-C] Composite at Intermediate Temperatures (450--750°C)
585(1)
20.5.2 Identification of Damage Mechanism on Cf/[ Si-B-C] Composite at High Temperature (700--1200°C)
586(1)
20.6 Acoustic Emission and Lifetime Prediction During Static Fatigue Tests
586(2)
20.6.1 Detection of Energy Release Acceleration
587(1)
20.6.2 Application of the Benioff Law to Assess Lifetime of the CMCs
588(1)
20.7 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions
588(3)
References
589(2)
Part VII Applications
591(78)
21 CMC Applications to Gas Turbines
593(16)
Patrick Spriet
21.1 Introduction
593(1)
21.2 CMC Developments for Military Engines
594(6)
21.2.1 Demonstration and Developments for Exhaust Section
594(4)
21.2.2 Demonstration of CMC Afterburner Components
598(1)
21.2.3 Turbine Component Demonstrations on Military Engines
599(1)
21.3 CMC R&D for Commercial Engines
600(7)
21.3.1 CMC R&D for Combustion Chamber
601(1)
21.3.2 R&D on CMC Turbine Components
602(2)
21.3.3 Development Activities in the Exhaust Section
604(2)
21.3.4 CMC Program Demonstrations on Industrial Gas Turbine
606(1)
21.4 Summary and Insertion Issues
607(2)
References
608(1)
22 Ceramic Matrix Composites: Nuclear Applications
609(38)
Cedric Sauder
22.1 Introduction
609(1)
22.2 CMC Fusion Applications
610(6)
22.2.1 Introduction
610(2)
22.2.2 The Divertor
612(2)
22.2.3 First Wall and Blanket
614(2)
22.3 CMC Fission Applications
616(8)
22.3.1 Introduction
616(2)
22.3.2 CMCs for Structural Materials in VHTRs and SFRs
618(3)
22.3.3 CMCs for Pin Cladding or Structural Materials in GFRs and LWRs
621(3)
22.4 Processing of C/C Composites for Nuclear Applications
624(3)
22.4.1 Introduction
624(1)
22.4.2 C/C Composites for Fusion Applications
624(3)
22.4.3 C/C Composites for Fission Reactor Applications
627(1)
22.5 Processing of SiC/SiC Composites for Nuclear Applications
627(14)
22.5.1 Introduction
627(1)
22.5.2 Selection of SiC Fibers
628(2)
22.5.3 Selection of Architecture
630(1)
22.5.4 Choice of Interphase
630(1)
22.5.5 Densification Processes and Associated SiC/SiC Composite Properties
631(6)
22.5.6 Designs for Hermetic Composites Adapted for Nuclear Applications
637(4)
22.6 Conclusions and Perspectives
641(6)
Acknowledgment
642(1)
References
642(5)
23 Ceramic Matrix Composites for Friction Applications
647(22)
Walter Krenkel
Jacques Georges Thebault
23.1 Introduction
647(1)
23.2 Carbon/Carbon for Friction Applications
647(10)
23.2.1 Aircraft Braking Particularities
647(1)
23.2.2 History and Materials Choice
648(3)
23.2.3 C/C Tribological Behavior and Constituents
651(4)
23.2.4 Other C/C Tribological Applications
655(2)
23.2.5 C/C Limitations and Trends
657(1)
23.3 Carbon/Ceramic for Friction Applications
657(11)
23.3.1 History and Milestones of the C/SiC Development
659(5)
23.3.2 C/SiC Brake Disks for Passenger Cars
664(2)
23.3.3 C/SiC Materials for Industrial Applications
666(2)
23.3.4 Future Challenges for C/SiC Materials
668(1)
23.4 Conclusions
668(1)
Acknowledgments 669(1)
References 669(4)
Index 673
Dr. Narottam P. Bansal is a Senior Research Scientist in the Ceramic and Polymer Composites Branch, Materials and Structures Division, at NASA Glenn Research Center. Previously, he was a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada and research associate at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York. He is the author or editor of six books, 37 conference proceedings, six invited chapters, and three review articles. Dr. Bansal has to date published over 230 papers, including more than 100 peer-reviewed journal papers on glass, ceramics, and composites and holds seven US patents.

Dr. Jacques Lamon is Director of Research at CNRS (National Centre of Scientific Research). He recently joined the Laboratory for Mechanics and Technology (LMT) at Ecole Normale Supérieure Cachan (Paris, France). Before that he was Group Leader at LCTS (Laboratory for Thermostructural Composites, University of Bordeaux/CNRS, France), and Professor at the University of Bordeaux, France. He earned his PhD in materials science and engineering in 1978 from Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines. He is the author of one book, twelve invited chapters, fourteen conference proceedings, and three journal special issues. He has written over 200 articles on ceramics and ceramic matrix composites.
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