| Series Editor's Preface |
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vii | |
| Preface |
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viii | |
| Acknowledgments |
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x | |
| 1 Cetaceans, Past and Present |
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1 | (18) |
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1.1 Introduction and scope of the book |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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1.3 Diversity, distribution, and ecology of modern cetaceans |
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3 | (2) |
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1.4 How to study extinct cetaceans |
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5 | (8) |
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1.4.1 Comparative and functional anatomy |
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5 | (1) |
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1.4.2 Evolutionary relationships |
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6 | (3) |
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1.4.3 Habitat and feeding preferences |
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9 | (2) |
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1.4.4 Macroevolutionary dynamics |
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11 | (2) |
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1.4.5 Other methodologies |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (6) |
| 2 Cetacean Fossil Record |
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19 | (25) |
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2.1 A history of exploration |
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19 | (4) |
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2.2 Strengths and weaknesses of the cetacean fossil record |
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23 | (5) |
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2.2.1 Preservation potential |
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23 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Biases affecting fossil recovery |
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24 | (3) |
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27 | (1) |
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2.3 Major fossil localities |
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28 | (7) |
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28 | (2) |
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30 | (2) |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (2) |
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2.3.6 Dredge sites: South Africa and Iberia |
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35 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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35 | (9) |
| 3 Morphology |
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44 | (51) |
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44 | (2) |
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46 | (22) |
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3.2.1 Rostrum and central facial region |
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46 | (4) |
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3.2.2 Forehead, skull vertex, and posterior cranium |
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50 | (4) |
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3.2.3 Temporal fossa and basicranium |
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54 | (2) |
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56 | (7) |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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3.3 The postcranial skeleton |
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68 | (6) |
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3.3.1 Vertebral column and rib cage |
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68 | (2) |
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70 | (3) |
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73 | (1) |
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3.4 Osteological correlates of soft tissue anatomy |
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74 | (13) |
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74 | (5) |
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79 | (1) |
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3.4.3 Air sinus system, air sacs and fat pads |
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79 | (1) |
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3.4.4 Brain anatomy and cranial nerves |
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80 | (4) |
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84 | (2) |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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87 | (8) |
| 4 Phylogeny and Taxonomy |
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95 | (62) |
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95 | (2) |
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4.2 The earliest whales: archaeocetes |
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97 | (5) |
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4.2.1 Pakicetids, ambulocetids, and remingtonocetids |
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97 | (2) |
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4.2.2 Protocetidae and basal Pelagiceti |
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99 | (3) |
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4.3 Filter-feeding whales: Mysticeti |
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102 | (12) |
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103 | (3) |
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4.3.2 Toothless mysticetes |
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106 | (8) |
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4.4 Echolocating whales: Odontoceti |
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114 | (27) |
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115 | (4) |
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4.4.2 Potential crown odontocetes |
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119 | (3) |
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4.4.3 Basal crown odontocetes |
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122 | (8) |
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130 | (6) |
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136 | (5) |
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4.5 Consensus, conflicts, and diversification dates |
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141 | (4) |
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4.5.1 High-level conflicts and possible solutions |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (3) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (12) |
| 5 Major Steps in the Evolution of Cetaceans |
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157 | (41) |
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5.1 From land to sea: the last steps |
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157 | (14) |
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5.1.1 Initial forays into the water |
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157 | (5) |
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5.1.2 Transition to marine environments |
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162 | (7) |
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169 | (2) |
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5.2 Key innovations: baleen and echolocation |
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171 | (5) |
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171 | (3) |
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174 | (2) |
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5.3 Invasion of freshwater habitats |
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176 | (4) |
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180 | (9) |
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180 | (3) |
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183 | (3) |
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186 | (3) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (9) |
| 6 Fossil Evidence of Cetacean Biology |
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198 | (41) |
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198 | (19) |
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198 | (5) |
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203 | (8) |
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211 | (6) |
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6.2 Cetaceans as a source of food |
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217 | (3) |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (2) |
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220 | (2) |
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222 | (1) |
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222 | (3) |
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225 | (2) |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (10) |
| 7 Macroevolutionary Patterns |
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239 | (38) |
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7.1 Patterns in cetacean diversity: radiations and extinctions |
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239 | (7) |
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240 | (2) |
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242 | (4) |
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7.2 Major turnover events |
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246 | (5) |
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7.2.1 Archaeocetes to neocetes |
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247 | (2) |
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7.2.2 Decline of toothed mysticetes |
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249 | (1) |
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7.2.3 Delphinoids and platanistoids—ships passing in the night? |
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249 | (1) |
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7.2.4 Establishment of the modern fauna |
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250 | (1) |
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7.3 Disparity and evolutionary rates |
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251 | (1) |
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251 | (6) |
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257 | (3) |
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257 | (2) |
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259 | (1) |
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260 | (4) |
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7.6.1 Initial dispersal from land |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (3) |
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264 | (4) |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (8) |
| 8 Paleontological Insights into Evolution and Development |
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277 | (25) |
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8.1 Limb morphology and development |
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277 | (7) |
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277 | (4) |
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281 | (3) |
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8.2 Regionalization of the vertebral column |
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284 | (2) |
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8.3 The origins of homodonty, polydonty, and monophyodonty |
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286 | (5) |
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286 | (2) |
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288 | (3) |
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8.4 Heterochrony: aged youngsters, juvenile adults |
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291 | (5) |
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296 | (1) |
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296 | (6) |
| 9 Living Cetaceans in an Evolutionary Context |
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302 | (5) |
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9.1 A modern view of cetacean evolution |
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302 | (2) |
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304 | (1) |
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304 | (3) |
| Index |
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307 | |