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E-raamat: Consciousness: The Science of Subjectivity [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

Antti Revonsuo (University of Turku, Finland)

Formaat: 352 pages, 33 Illustrations, black and white
Ilmumisaeg: 16-Dec-2009
Kirjastus: Psychology Press Ltd
ISBN-13: 9780203859605

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Formaat: 352 pages, 33 Illustrations, black and white
Ilmumisaeg: 16-Dec-2009
Kirjastus: Psychology Press Ltd
ISBN-13: 9780203859605

Teised raamatud teemal:

Rohkem infot Taylor & Francis e-raamatute kohta

Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780203859605

The study of consciousness is recognized as one of the biggest remaining challenges to the scientific community. This book provides a fascinating introduction to the new science that promises to illuminate our understanding of the subject.

Consciousness covers all the main approaches to the modern scientific study of consciousness, and also gives the necessary historical, philosophical and conceptual background to the field. Current scientific evidence and theory from the fields of neuropsychology, cognitive neuroscience, brain imaging and the study of altered states of consciousness such as dreaming, hypnosis, meditation and out-of-body experiences is presented. Revonsuo provides an integrative review of the major existing philosophical and empirical theories of consciousness and identifies the most promising areas for future developments in the field.

This textbook offers a readable and timely introduction to the science of consciousness for anyone interested in this compelling area, especially undergraduates studying psychology, philosophy, cognition, neuroscience and related fields.

List of Figures

xviii

Introduction

Acknowledgements

xxvii

Part One BACKGROUND TO THE SCIENCE OF CONSCIOUSNESS

(98)

The philosophical foundations of consciousness science

(44)

Introduction

(1)

The First Distinction: Dualism and Monism

(1)

Definition of dualism

(1)

Definition of monism

(1)

Dualistic Theories of Consciousness

(11)

Interactionism

(2)

Cartesian dualism: The paradigm case of interactionism

(2)

Epiphenomenalism

(4)

Parallelism

(2)

Monistic Theories of Consciousness

(23)

Materialism (or physicalism) defined

(1)

Eliminative materialism

(4)

Reductive materialism

(3)

Microphysicalism: The ultimate reductionism

(2)

Emergent materialism

(6)

Summary of monistic materialism

(1)

Idealism

(2)

Neutral monism

(2)

Functionalism

(2)

Why the mind-Body Problem will not go away

(8)

The ``Explanatory Gap'' and the ``Hard Problem''

(1)

Subjectivity

(2)

What is it like to be a bat¿

(1)

Future science and consciousness

(1)

Philosophical problems and consciousness

(1)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Further Reading

(1)

Brief Discussion Questions

(2)

The historical foundations of consciousness science

(22)

Introduction

(1)

The 1800s: From Philosophy to Experimental Science of Consciousness

(2)

Phrenology

(1)

Psychophysics

(1)

Introspectionism: The First Scientific Psychology of Consciousness

(5)

Wilhelm Wundt and the birth of psychological science

(1)

Titchener and structuralism: The atoms of consciousness

(3)

William James and the stream of consciousness

(1)

The Fall of Introspectionism as a Science of Consciousness

(7)

Gestalt psychology: Consciousness is holistic, not atomistic

(2)

Behaviourism: How consciousness became taboo in scientific psychology

(2)

Freud's critique of consciousness

(2)

From cognitive Science to the Science of Consciousness

(7)

Cognitive science: A science of mind, but devoid of consciousness

(1)

Phoenix rising: Emergence of the modern science of consciousness

(4)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Further Reading

(1)

Brief Discussion Questions

(1)

The conceptual foundations of consciousness science

(30)

Introduction

(1)

How to Describe the Subjective Reality of Consciousness

(19)

Phenomenal consciousness: The fundamental form of subjectivity

(1)

Qualia

(1)

The state of being conscious and the specific contents of consciousness

(1)

The internal structure of phenomenal consciousness: Centre and periphery

(4)

Attention and consciousness

(1)

Change blindness and inattentional blindness

(2)

Reflective consciousness

(2)

Introspection

(4)

Self-awareness

(3)

Concepts to Describe the Absence of Consciousness

(4)

Unconscious

(1)

Nonconscious

(1)

Zombies

(3)

Alternative Definitions and Usages of the Concept of ``Consciousness''

(6)

Consciousness defined as the ability to respond to stimulation

(1)

Consciousness defined as the ability to represent information from the external world

(1)

Consciousness defined as wakefulness

(1)

Consciousness defined as access to output systems, control of behaviour behavioural interactions with the world

(1)

Consciousness and awareness

(1)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Further Reading

(1)

Brief Discussion Questions

(2)

Part Two CENTRAL DOMAINS OF CONSCIOUSNESS SCIENCE

(182)

Neuropsychology of consciousness

(2)

Introduction: What are the Central Domains of Consciousness Science¿

(2)

Neuropsychological deficits of visual consciousness

101

(14)

Introduction: The Unity of Visual Consciousness

102

(1)

Cerebral Achromatopsia: Colour Qualia Vanish without a Trace

103

(2)

Visual Agnosia: Loss of Coherent Visual Objects

105

(1)

Semantic Dementia: Loss of the Meaning of Objects

106

(2)

Simultanagnosia: Loss of the Phenomenal Background

108

(1)

Neglect: Loss of Phenomenal Space

109

(2)

Akinetopsia: Loss of Visual Animation

111

(4)

Chapter Summary

112

(1)

Further Reading

113

(1)

Brief Discussion Questions

114

(1)

Neuropsychological dissociations of visual consciousness from behaviour

115

(20)

Introduction: What is a Neuropsychological Dissociation¿

116

(2)

Dissociations and Consciousness

118

(9)

Blindsight

119

(2)

Implicit visually guided action

121

(2)

Implicit face recognition in prosopagnosia

123

(3)

Implicit recognition of words and objects in neglect

126

(1)

Theories of the Conscious/Nonconscious Dissociations

127

(8)

Chapter Summary

131

(1)

Further Reading

132

(1)

Brief Discussion Questions

133

(2)

Neuropsychological disorders of self-awareness

135

(18)

Introduction

136

(1)

Amnesia

136

(2)

Split-Brain

138

(4)

Anosognosia

142

(1)

Somatoparaphrenia (Asomatognosia)

143

(2)

Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Deficits of Belief Systems

145

(6)

Capgras delusion

145

(2)

Fregoli delusion

147

(1)

The left-hemisphere interpreter and the right-hemisphere devil's advocate

147

(1)

Chapter Summary

148

(1)

Further Reading

149

(1)

Brief Discussion Questions

150

(1)

Neural correlates of consciousness (NCC)

151

(2)

Introduction: What is a ``Neural Correlate of Consciousness'' (NCC)¿

151

(2)

Methods and design of NCC experiments

153

(6)

Introduction: How to Design NCC Experiments

154

(1)

Functional Brain imaging Methods: fmri and Pet

154

(1)

Electromagnetic Brain Sensing with Eeg and Meg

155

(4)

Chapter Summary

157

(1)

Further Reading

157

(1)

Brief Discussion Questions

157

(2)

Studies on the neural basis of consciousness as a state

159

(6)

Introduction: Consciousness as a State

160

(1)

Anaesthesia

160

(1)

Epileptic Seizures and Deep Sleep

161

(1)

Locked-In Syndrome

162

(1)

Vegetative state and other Global Disorders of Consciousness

162

(1)

Inverse Zombies

163

(2)

Chapter Summary

163

(1)

Further Reading

164

(1)

Brief Discussion Question

164

(1)

Studies on the neural basis of visual consciousness

165

(12)

Introduction: Visual Information and Visual Consciousness

166

(1)

Binocular Rivalry Studies

166

(2)

Visual Hallucinations

168

(1)

Eeg and Meg Experiments on Visual Consciousness

169

(2)

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

171

(4)

Chapter Summary

172

(1)

Further Reading

173

(1)

Brief Discussion Questions

173

(2)

Theories of consciousness

175

(2)

Introduction: What is a Theory of Consciousness¿

175

(2)

Philosophical theories of consciousness

177

(28)

Review of Current Philosophical Theories of Consciousness

178

(27)

Multiple drafts theory (Dennett)

178

(3)

Sensorimotor theory (O'Regan and Noe)

181

(2)

Biological naturalism (Searle)

183

(2)

Naturalistic dualism (Chalmers)

185

(2)

Higher order theories (HOTs) of consciousness

187

(2)

Externalist representationalism (Tye, Dretske)

189

(3)

Neurophenomenology (Varela, Lutz, Thompson, Noe)

192

(3)

Reflexive monism (Velmans)

195

(2)

Virtual reality theory (Metzinger, Lehar)

197

(4)

Chapter Summary

201

(1)

Further Reading

202

(1)

Brief Discussion Questions

203

(2)

Empirical theories of consciousness

205

(24)

Review of Current Empirical Theories of Consciousness

206

(15)

Global workspace theory (Baars)

206

(2)

Neurobiological theory (Crick and Koch)

208

(3)

The dynamic core (Tononi and Edelman) and the information integration theory (Tononi)

211

(2)

Thalamocortical binding theory (Llinas)

213

(1)

Recurrent processing theory (Lamme)

214

(3)

Microconsciousness theory (Zeki)

217

(1)

Consciousness as the feeling of what happens (Damasio)

218

(3)

Analysis: Major issues of Disagreement in Theories of Consciousness

221

(6)

The location of consciousness: Externalism vs. internalism

221

(1)

The fundamental nature of consciousness: Phenomenology vs. cognition

222

(1)

The fundamental form of phenomenal consciousness: Atomism vs. holism

223

(1)

Conclusions

223

(1)

Chapter Summary

224

(1)

Further Reading

224

(1)

Brief Discussion Questions

225

(2)

Altered states of consciousness

227

(2)

What is an ``altered state of consciousness'' (ASC)?

229

(6)

Introduction

230

(1)

How to Define ``Altered State of Consciousness''

230

(5)

Chapter Summary

232

(1)

Further Reading

233

(1)

Brief Discussion Questions

233

(2)

Dreaming and sleep

235

(18)

Introduction: A Brief History of Dreaming and Consciousness

236

(4)

Hypnagogic and Hypnopompic Hallucinations

240

(1)

Sleep Paralysis

240

(1)

Sleep Mentation vs. Dreaming

241

(1)

The Contents of Dreaming

241

(4)

Why Do We Dream¿

245

(1)

Lucid Dreaming

246

(2)

Bad Dreams and Nightmares

248

(1)

Night Terrors

249

(1)

Sleepwalking and Nocturnal Wandering

249

(1)

Rem Sleep Behaviour Disorder and Dreamwalking

250

(3)

Chapter Summary

250

(1)

Further Reading

251

(1)

Brief Discussion Questions

252

(1)

Hypnosis

253

(10)

Introduction

254

(1)

Brief History of Hypnosis

255

(1)

Hypnotic Induction

256

(1)

Hypnotic Suggestibility

257

(1)

Is Hypnosis an ASC¿

257

(2)

What Happens to Consciousness Under Hypnosis¿

259

(4)

Chapter Summary

260

(1)

Further Reading

261

(1)

Brief Discussion Questions

261

(2)

Higher states of consciousness

263

(18)

Introduction

264

(1)

Meditation

264

(1)

Optimal Experience and Flow

265

(1)

Runner's High

266

(1)

Out-of-Body Experiences (OBEs)

267

(3)

Near-Death Experiences (NDEs)

270

(5)

Mystical Experiences

275

(6)

Chapter Summary

278

(1)

Further Reading

278

(1)

Brief Discussion Questions

279

(2)

Epilogue

281

(12)

Glossary

293

(12)

References

305

(8)

Author Index

313

(3)

Subject Index

316

Antti Revonsuo is Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience at the University of Skövde, Sweden, and Professor of Psychology at the University of Turku, Finland. He has been conducting research on consciousness since the early 1990s and has directed an undergraduate degree programme on consciousness studies since 1997. He is best known for his evolutionarypsychological theory of dreaming, the threat-simulation theory.

Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9780203859605_pe.html

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