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E-raamat: Chinas Railway Transformation: History, Culture Changes and Urban Development [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

(University of Liverpool, UK),
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Chinas Railway Transformation: History, Culture Changes and Urban DevelopmentSuurem pilt
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This book investigates China’s railway transformation through history, along with culture changes and urban development. The book begins by looking at the background of China and the history and growth of railway development in China through five key phases, followed by assessing the cultural changes in the railway carriage and exploring how these are linked to social equality and national provisions.

The core of this book aims to analyse the Chinese urban transformation through the development of the high-speed rail (HSR) infrastructure in China. Eleven important new HSR stations in mainland China, plus the new Hong Kong West Kowloon Station, have been selected to contextually explore how HSR infrastructures have affected the development of the Chinese urban context. The selected case studies are the stations of Beijing South, Wuhan, Shanghai Hongqiao, Guangzhou South, Xi’an North, Nanjing South, Chengdu East, Tianjin West, Zhengzhou East, Hangzhou East and Hong Kong West Kowloon. All of these were built between 2008 and 2018. In these case studies, the location and the intentions and success of promoting urban development are analysed and assessed. Following this, the book further investigates the peculiarities of the new HSR stations in China in comparison with stations in Europe. An assessment framework is established to evaluate the Chinese case studies comparatively with significant cases in Europe, attending to the urban structure of the area, the architectural quality, the functional diversity and the quality of the public space generated in the surrounding area.



This book investigates China’s railway transformation through history, along with culture changes and urban development.

List of Figures
xiii
List of Tables
xv
Preface xvii
Acknowledgements xix
Introduction 1(4)
1 The Modernisation of China through Railway Development
5(25)
1.1 From the Second Opium War (1856-1860) to the End of the Qing Dynasty (1911)
6(6)
1.2 From the Revolution of 1911 to the Nationalist Party Retreat to Taiwan in 1949
12(5)
1.3 From the Foundation of the People's Republic of China (1949) to the End of the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)
17(3)
1.4 From the Period of Reform and "Opening Up" Initiated by Deng Xiaoping in 1978 to 2007
20(3)
1.5 The Beginning of the High-Speed Railway Era to the Present
23(2)
1.6 Summary
25(5)
2 Cultural Changes, National Pride and Social Equality in Relation to Railway Development
30(22)
2.1 The Railway Carriage Society
30(10)
2.2 National Pride
40(2)
2.3 Understanding Social Equality
42(6)
2.3.1 Tackling Poverty
43(3)
2.3.2 Mobility and Ticket Affordability
46(1)
2.3.3 Women Hold Up Half the Sky
47(1)
2.4 Summary
48(4)
3 Analysing Urban Transformation through the Development of High-Speed Rail Infrastructure in China
52(63)
3.1 The Importance of the HSR for Reshaping the Territory on an Inter-Urban Scale in Europe and China
52(3)
3.2 Classification of Impacts
55(1)
3.3 Why an Urban Scale?
55(4)
3.3.1 Impacts of HSR on an Urban Scale Globally
56(1)
3.3.2 Suburban Location of Stations in China
57(1)
3.3.3 Locations of Stations in Europe
58(1)
3.4 The Importance of the Political Frame - The Chinese Case
59(8)
3.4.1 Lack of Public Participation in China
61(1)
3.4.2 Decision-Making Mechanisms in China
61(1)
3.4.3 Reasons for Sub- or Exurban Locations in China
62(1)
3.4.3.1 Technical Reasons
62(1)
3.4.3.2 Financial Reasons
63(1)
3.4.3.3 Strategic Reasons
64(3)
3.5 Selected Cities in China for this Study
67(34)
3.5.1 Beijing
68(2)
3.5.2 Wuhan
70(3)
3.5.3 Shanghai
73(3)
3.5.4 Guangzhou
76(3)
3.5.5 Xi'an
79(4)
3.5.6 Nanjing
83(3)
3.5.7 Chengdu
86(1)
3.5.8 Tianjin
87(5)
3.5.9 Zhengzhou
92(3)
3.5.10 Hangzhou
95(3)
3.5.11 Hong Kong
98(3)
3.6 Conclusions
101(14)
4 Comparative Assessment of High-Speed Railway Stations in China and Europe
115(60)
4.1 Two Sides of the Evaluation
115(1)
4.2 European Case Studies
116(15)
4.2.1 Initial Cases: Atocha Railway Station, Madrid, Spain
116(3)
4.2.2 Importance of the Process: Euralille, Utrecht Central and King's Cross
119(2)
4.2.3 Importance of the Programme: King's Cross-St Pancras and Euralille
121(5)
4.2.4 Evaluation of Station Values
126(2)
4.2.5 The User's Experience: Assessment Framework
128(3)
4.3 Assessment of Chinese High-Speed Stations
131(21)
4.3.1 Beijing South Railway Station
131(2)
4.3.2 Wuhan Railway Station
133(1)
4.3.3 Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station
134(2)
4.3.4 Guangzhou South Railway Station
136(2)
4.3.5 Xi'an North Railway Station
138(2)
4.3.6 Nanjing South Railway Station
140(2)
4.3.7 Chengdu East Railway Station
142(1)
4.3.8 Tianjin West Railway Station
143(2)
4.3.9 Zhengzhou East Railway Station
145(2)
4.3.10 Hangzhou East Railway Station
147(2)
4.3.11 Hong Kong West Kowloon Railway Station
149(3)
4.4 Assessment of European High-Speed Stations
152(11)
4.4.1 Puerta de Atocha Railway Station, Madrid, Spain
152(3)
4.4.2 Gare du Nord Railway Station, Paris, France
155(3)
4.4.3 St Pancras International Railway Station, London, UK
158(3)
4.4.4 Gare de Lille-Europe Railway Station, Lille, France
161(2)
4.5 Assessment Tables
163(3)
4.6 Contextual Differences between China and Europe to Be Considered
166(1)
4.7 Conclusions
167(8)
Bibliography 175(8)
Index 183
Junjie Xi is a lecturer in architectural design and humanities at the University of Liverpool. She was previously a postdoctoral researcher for the China Railway Group Limited and School of Architecture, Tsinghua University. Her project, "The Use of Flexible Architecture and Structures in the Design of Public Buildings", was funded by China Railway and the research outputs will be used by this state-owned enterprise in their construction work in the future. She is also keen on reactivating Liverpools railway heritage through research by design and filming. Her two favourite railway-related films are Brief Encounter (1945) and Last Train Home (2009).

Paco Mejias Villatoro is a chartered architect in Spain and the UK, with a PhD in Architectural Theory and Design from the Madrid Polytechnic University School of Architecture. He has been teaching architectural design since 1997, in Spain, Canada, the United States and China. As a practitioner, he worked for Zaha Hadid Office in London, before opening his own firm in Spain. He has been awarded prizes in several competitions and nominated for the prestigious Mies van der Rohe Architecture Award. He is co-director of Estudio Abierto/Open Studio, a collaborative think-and-do tank operating at the intersection between architecture and urbanism (www.thisstudioisopen.org). He leads Year 2 Architecture at the University of Liverpool, and his favourite railway journey was from Kolkata to Mumbai in a steam engine in the late 1980s.
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