| Acknowledgments |
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xi | |
| Author Biographies |
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xiii | |
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1 Introduction to Voice-Activated Assistants |
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1 | (10) |
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1.1 What Is Voice-Activated Technology? |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 System Architecture of Voice-Activated Technology |
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2 | (2) |
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4 | (7) |
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1.3.1 Humble Beginnings: The 1920s |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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1.3.2 Significant Developments in Speech Recognition: 1950 to 1990 |
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4 | (1) |
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1.3.2.1 Digit Recognizers |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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1.3.3 Modern Developments: 1990 to 2020 |
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6 | (1) |
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1.3.3.1 Development of Internet, Microprocessors, and Internet of Things Devices |
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6 | (1) |
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1.3.3.2 Modern Voice-Activated Smart Assistant Technology |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (3) |
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2 Commercial Voice-Activated Assistants |
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11 | (200) |
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11 | (2) |
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2.1.1 Hands-Free Interaction |
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11 | (1) |
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2.1.2 Voice Is the Most Natural Mode of Communication |
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12 | (1) |
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2.1.3 Voice Is the Most Efficient Mode of Communication |
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12 | (1) |
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2.2 Current Applications of Voice-Activated Assistants |
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13 | (2) |
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13 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Smart Home Assistants |
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14 | (1) |
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2.2.3 Commercial Assistants |
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15 | (1) |
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2.3 The Future of Voice-Activated Assistants |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (195) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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2.4.3 Exclusion of Certain Users |
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17 | (1) |
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2.4.4 Introduction to Healthcare Applications |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (193) |
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3 Development of Smart Surgical Assistants |
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211 | |
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21 | (2) |
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3.1.1 Similar Technology at Work |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (10) |
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3.2.1 Identifying Problems to Tackle |
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23 | (1) |
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3.2.1.1 Reduced Surgical Site Infection |
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23 | (1) |
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3.2.1.2 Shorter Operative Time |
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24 | (1) |
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3.2.1.3 More Efficient Allocation of Human Resources |
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25 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Observations to Guide Our Proposed Solution |
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26 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Design Requirements |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (3) |
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3.2.4 Development of the System |
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30 | (2) |
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3.2.5 Testing and Implementation |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (9) |
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36 | (2) |
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38 | (2) |
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40 | (3) |
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4 Merits and Challenges of Translational Sciences |
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43 | (20) |
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43 | (5) |
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4.1.1 Translational Science from the Engineering Perspective |
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46 | (2) |
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4.2 Merits of Translational Science |
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48 | (4) |
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4.2.1 Healthcare Innovations from a Solution-Oriented Approach |
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48 | (2) |
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4.2.2 Drug Device and Discovery |
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50 | (1) |
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4.2.3 Promotion of Multidisciplinary Collaboration |
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51 | (1) |
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4.3 Challenges of Translational Science |
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52 | (11) |
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4.3.1 Complex Processes and Extended Length of Time |
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52 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Immature Technology and Techniques Inhibiting Translational Work |
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53 | (2) |
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4.3.3 Challenges in Teamwork and Management |
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55 | (1) |
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4.3.4 The Importance of Advanced Training |
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56 | (1) |
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4.3.5 The Reality of Translational Research in the Private Sector and Academia |
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57 | (2) |
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4.3.6 Challenges Associated with Engineering-Related Translational Research |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (3) |
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5 Overcoming the Challenges of Translational Research |
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63 | (6) |
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5.1 Expansion of Translational Science Education and Research |
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63 | (1) |
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5.2 Increased Funding in Translational Research Apparatus and Methods |
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64 | (1) |
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5.3 Continued Investment into Physician Scientists |
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65 | (4) |
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66 | (3) |
| Index |
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69 | |