This 4-volume set of thematically focused and curated primary sources examines meteorology in nineteenth-century society. Knowing the history of meteorology and climatology since their inception as physical sciences in the nineteenth century is fundamental to understanding historical patterns of the severe weather and climate change.
This four-volume set of thematically focused and curated primary sources examines meteorology in nineteenth-century society. Knowing the history of meteorology and climatology since their inception as physical sciences in the nineteenth century is fundamental to understanding the causes and historical patterns of the severe weather and climate change that greatly preoccupy today’s society. Thematically focused collections of primary sources support the research and study needs not only of scholars, but also graduate and postgraduate students. To this end, the volumes contextualize and explain the contents of these sources. The collection brings together the most relevant themes in current scholarship: weather forecasting and nation-state building; cyclones, trade, and navigation; meteorology and religion; and weather, climate, and empire.
Volume I. Weather Forecasting and Nation-State Building
Acknowledgements
General Introduction
Introduction to Volume I
Part
1. Synoptic weather science and state interests
1.1 Precursors
1. Elias Loomis, On the Storm Which Was Experienced throughout the United
States about the 20th of December,
1836. Transactions of the American
Philosophical Society, 7 (7), 1841, pp. 125, 128-130, 156-163.
2. Elias Loomis, On two Storms Which Were Experienced throughout the United
States, in the Month of February,
1842. Transactions of the American
Philosophical Society, 9 (2), 1846, pp. 161, 164, 179-184.
1.2 Barometric waves
3. John Frederick William Herschel, Report on the Reduction of
Meteorological Observations, Report of the British Association for the
Advancement of Science, Held at Cork in August 1843 (London: John Murray,
1844), pp. 60-61,
97100.
4. John Frederick William Herschel to William Radcliffe Birt, 28 July
1843.
5. William Radcliffe Birt, On the Storm-Paths of the Eastern Portion of the
North American Continent. Philosophical Magazine, 28, 1846, pp.
379382.
6. William Radcliffe Birt, On Certain Atmospheric or Barometric Waves Which
Traversed Europe during November
1842. Philosophical Magazine, 30, 1847, pp.
482493.
1.3 Mapping atmospheric waves
7. Adolphe Quetelet, Sur le climat de la Belgique. Quatrième partie.
Pressions et ondes atmosphériques (Bruxelles : M. Hayez, 1851), pp. 73, 75,
91-92
1.4 Embracing waves for state interests
8. Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier, Note sur le développement des études
météorologiques en France, CR, 40, 1855, 620626
9. Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier,
1855. M. Le Verrier présente un travail
fait à lObservatoire impérial, par M. Liais, sur la tempête de la mer Noire,
en novembre 1854, CR, 41, 1855, pp.
11971204.
1.5 A new method
10. Angelo Secchi, Di alcuni risultati ottenuti dalla corrispondenza
meteorologica telegrafica, e dal barometrografo a bilancia, Atti Accademia
Pontificia dei Nuovi Lincei, 11, 1858, pp. 389390
11. Angelo Secchi, Alcune ricerche meteorologiche sulle tempeste occorse nel
185960, Atti Accademia Pontificia dei Nuovi Lincei, 13, 1860, 231237,
249.
Part
2. Conflict: The Eulerian vs. Lagrangian approach
2.1 Synoptic method
12. Angelo Secchi, Distribuzione della pressione atmosferica sull Europa
durante il gennajo e il febrajo del corrente anno 1862, Bulletino
Meteorologico dellOsservatorio del Collegio Romano, 1(3), 1862, pp. 1920,
24.
2.2 Eulerian approach
13. Edme Hippolyte Marié-Davy, Sur les tempêtes de léquinoxe, CR, 57,
1863, pp.
640644.
14. Edme Hippolyte Marié-Davy, Météorologie. Les mouvements de l'atmosphère
et des mers considérés au point de vue de la prévision du temps (Paris:
Victor Masson et Fils, 1866), pp. 416-417, 434-436, 463-465
2.3 Lagrangian approach
15. Robert FitzRoy, Notes on Meteorology (London: Board of Trade, 1859), pp.
1, 11-12, 13-22, 23-25, 34-35
16. Robert FitzRoy, The Weather Book: A Manual of Practical Meteorology
(London: Longman and Green, 1863), pp. 102-105
17. George Jinman, Winds and Their Courses; or a Practical Exposition of the
Laws Which Govern the Movements of Hurricanes and Gales. With an Examination
of the Circular Theory of Storms, as Propounded by Redfield, Sir William
Reid, Piddington, and Others (London: George Philip and Son, 1861), pp. 1-9,
92-96
2.4 Semi-Lagrangian
18. Francis Galton, Meteorographica, or, Methods of Mapping the Weather:
Illustrated by Upwards of 600 Printed and Lithographed Diagrams Referring to
the Weather of a Large Part of Europe, During the Month of December 1861,
(Cambridge: Macmillan, 1863), pp. 3-6
19. Francis Galton, Recent Weather, The Reader, 2 (19 December, 1863), p.
730.
20. Francis Galton, A Development of the Theory of Cyclones, Proceedings of
the Royal Society of London, 12, 1863, pp.
385386.
Part
3. Statistics and the hegemony of the Eulerian approach
3.1 Dutch statistical method
21. Christoph Hendrik Diederik Buys Ballot, On the Great Importance of
Deviations from the Mean State of the Atmosphere for the Science of
Meteorology, London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine, 37 (247),
1850, pp.
4249.
22. F.H. Klein, The Foretelling of the Weather in Connection with
Meteorological Observations, (London, 1863), pp. 5-6, 20-23.
3.2 Scottish analytical method
23. James Stark, On the Fallacy of the Present Mode of Estimating the Mean
Temperature in England. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 4,
1862, pp.
264265.
24. Alexander Buchan, Examination of the Storms of Wind which Occurred in
Europe during October, November and December, 1863, Transactions of the
Royal Society of Edinburgh, 24, 1865, pp. 191-194, 196-198, 200-203.
25. Alexander Buchan, A Handy Book of Meteorology (Edinburgh and London:
William Blackwood and Sons, 1867; 2nd ed. in 1868), pp. 9-14, 339-348,
350-355
3.3 International standardization
26. Heinrich Wilhelm Dove, Geh. Regierungsrath H. W. Dove to Director C.
Bruhns, Leipzig, in Report of the Proceedings of the Meteorological
Conference at Leipzig. Protocols and Appendices (London: Georges E. Eyre and
William Spottiswoode, 1873), pp.
4546.
27. Robert H. Scott, Meteorological Conference at Leipzig during August
1872, Nature, 28 August 1873, 341343
28. Thomas Stevenson, On Ascertaining the Intensity of Storms by the
Calculation of Barometric Gradients, Journal of the Scottish Meteorological
Society, 2, 1869, 132-136.
29. Report Weather Telegraphy and Storm Warnings, Presented to the
Meteorological Congress at Vienna, by a Committee Appointed at the Leipzig
Conference (London: Her Majestys Stationery Office, 1874), pp. 7-18.
3.4 Eulerian epitome
30. Ralph Abercromby, Is Meteorology a Science?, Nature, 15, 1877, p.
510.
31. Ralph Abercromby, Weather Prognostics and Weather Types. Nature, 28,
1883, pp.
33034.
32. Ralph Abercromby, Principles of Forecasting by Means of Weather Charts
(London: Printed for H.M. Stationery Off., 1885), pp. 1-3, 69-81, 99-100
Part
4. State and the primacy of public service
4.1 Galtons report
33. Report of a Committee Appointed to Consider Certain Questions Relating
to the Meteorological Department of the Board of Trade [ Galton Report], 1866
(3646), LXV, pp. 37-41
4.2 Daily weather charts
34. Robert H. Scott, Weather Charts in Newspapers, Journal of the Society
of Arts, 23, 1875,
776782.
35. Robert H. Scott, The Publication of Daily Weather Maps and Bulletins,
in Oliver L. Fassig (ed.), Report of the International Meteorological
Congress Held at Chicago, Ill., August 2124, 1893 (Washington D.C.: Weather
Bureau, 1894), pp. 69
36. The Times Weather Chart, Nature, 15 April 1875, 11, 473474
4.3 Public service
37. Frederic Gaster, Weather Forecasts and Storm Warnings: How They Are
Prepared and Disseminated, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological
Society, 22, 1896, pp. 212228
38. H.H.C. Dunwoody, Functions of State Weather Services, in Oliver L.
Fassig (ed.), Report of the International Meteorological Congress Held at
Chicago, Ill., August 2124, 1893 (Washington D.C.: Weather Bureau, 1894),
pp. 913
Part
5. Weather cartography
5.1 Diagnostic
39. Heinrich Wilhelm Brandes, Beiträge zur Witterungskunde (Leipzig: Johann
Ambrosius Barth, 1820) pp. 26, 69, 73, 213, 270
40. Alexander von Humboldt, Of Isothermal Lines, and the Distribution of
Heat over the Globe, Annals of Philosophy; or, Magazine of Chemistry,
Mineralogy, Mechanics, Natural History, Agriculture, and the Arts 11:63/3,
1818, pp.
177181.
41. Alexandre von Humboldt, Sur les lignes isothermes, Annales de chimie et
de physique, 5, 1817, pp.
10211.
5.2 FitzRoys charts
42. Robert FitzRoy, Wind Charts of the Atlantic, Compiled from Maurys Pilot
Charts, Report of the Twenty-Fifth Meeting of the British Association for
the Advancement of Science Held at Glasgow in September 1855 (London: John
Murray, 1856), vol. 2, pp.
3940.
43. Robert FitzRoy, The Weather Book: A Manual of Practical Meteorology
(London: Longman and Green, 1863), pp. 413-418.
5.3 Meteorographica
44. Francis Galton, Meteorographica, or, Methods of Mapping the Weather:
Illustrated by Upwards of 600 Printed and Lithographed Diagrams Referring to
the Weather of a Large Part of Europe, During the Month of December 1861
(Cambridge: Macmillan, 1863).
5.4 Standardizing
45. Report of the Proceedings of the Meteorological Congress at Vienna.
Protocols and Appendices (London: G.E. Eyre and W. Spottiswoode for H.M.
Stationery Off., 1874), translated from the official reportreproduced in
The Meteorological Congress at Vienna, Nature, May 7, 1874,
1718.
46. Hugo von Schoder, Appendix
1. to the Protocol of the Fourth Meeting,
Report of the Proceedings of the Meteorological Congress at Vienna. Protocols
and Appendices (London: G.E. Eyre and W. Spottiswoode for H.M. Stationery
Office, 1874), pp.
4849.
47. Mark Harrington, History of the Weather Map, in Oliver L. Fassig (ed.),
Report of the International Meteorological Congress, Chicago, Ill., August
2124, 1893 (Washington D.C.: Weather Bureau, Part 2, 1895), pp.
327335.
5.5 Global synoptic charts
48. Alexander Buchan, On the Storms Which Passed over the United States
between the 13th and 22nd March 1859, with Remarks on Storms which Occurred
at the Same Time in the North Atlantic, Europe and Western Asia, Journal of
the Scottish Meteorological Society, 2, 1869, 198201, 212-213
49. Alexander Buchan,
1869. The Mean Pressure of the Atmosphere and the
Prevailing Winds of the Globe for the Months and for the Year, Proceedings
of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 6, 1869, 30307, Part II, Transactions of
the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 25, 1869, 575577, 579, 581-583, 589-590,
592.
References
Index
Aitor Anduaga is a scholar of nineteenth- and twentieth-century science, who has specialized in the history of social, ideological and cultural dimensions of meteorology and geophysical sciences in general.
Rohkem infot Taylor & Francis e-raamatute kohta