This four-volume collection brings together a diverse array of primary sources that help contextualise the impacts of American imperialism across the long nineteenth century. Accompanied by extensive editorial commentary, the collection provides a valuable resource for students and scholars of American History.
This volume charts an era of rapid growth for the United States. Beginning with the aftermath of the Louisiana Purchase, the early sources in this volume highlight the rampant speculation that engulfed U.S. writers on what was to be done with this land. As the sources show, even at this early point some proposed moving marginalised groups into the furthest reaches of this land. The theme of removal and who gets to remain in the ever-expanding nation is a consistent theme of this volume. Whether it be the policies associated with Indian Removal, or the African Colonization scheme that reached its apex during this period, white policymakers, journalists and reformers refused to envision a multiracial polity. To justify removal and the expansion of the settler state, thinkers both inside and out of government began to articulate what would later be known as Manifest Destiny. This is also the era when the Monroe Doctrine was established, yet the sources in this volume also point to the anxiety U.S. settlers had about European encroachments in North America. The annexation of Texas, another key theme of the volume, highlights the worry that all sections of settler society had about British overtures in the region. Perspectives from European writers are also included to show how the imperialism of the U.S. was being perceived by their rivals. Despite the successes of the U.S. during this period, fears of enemies within and outside the metropole continued to rack the republic.
Volume 2: From Lewis and Clark to the Annexation of Texas, 18041845
Edited by Edward Mair
General Introduction
Volume 2 Introduction
Part
1. Exploration and Territorial Expansion
1. David Ramsay, An Oration on the Cession of Louisiana to the United States
(Newport: Oliver Farnsworth, 1804), pp. 3
27.
2. To James Madison from William C. C. Claiborne, 18 February 1804
3. Paul Allen, History of the Expedition under the Command of Captains Lewis
and Clark, to The Sources of the Missouri, thence Across the Rocky Mountains
and down the River Columbia to the Pacific Ocean, performed during the years
1804-5-6, Volume 1, (Philadelphia: Bradford and Inskeep, 1814), pp. 1-11.
4. Thomas Branagan, Serious remonstrances, addressed to the citizens of the
northern states, and their representatives, (Philadelphia: 1805), pp. 15-27.
5. Le Chevalier Felix de Beaujour, Sketch of the United States of North
America : at the commencement of the nineteenth century, from 1800 to 1810,
William Walton (trans.), (London: J. Booth et al., 1814), pp. 115-127.
6. Louisiana, Newbern Herald, (New Bern, North Carolina), III, no 156, 26
February 1810,
7. Form the Western Sun Vincennes August 25, 1810, Washington Reporter
(Washington, Pennsylvania) III, no. 5, September 17, 1810
8. Felix Grundy, 9 December 1811, in Annals of the Congress of the United
States, Twelfth Congress, First Session, (Washington: Gales and Seaton,
1853), pp. 422-427.
9. William Darby, The Emigrants Guide to the Western and Southwestern States
and Territories, (New York: Kirk & Mercein, 1818), pp. 61-62.
10. Hiram Bingham, A Residence of Twenty-One Years in the Sandwich Islands
(Hartford: Hezekiah Huntington, 1848), pp. 57-79.
11. George Little, Life on the Ocean; or, Twenty Years at Sea (Boston: Waite,
Pearce and Company, 1844), pp. 109-122.
Part
2. Native American Resistance and Removal
12. INTRUDERS, 7 April 1830, Cherokee Phoenix and Indians Advocate.
13. Removal of the Indians., 13 May 1830, Pittsfield Sun (Pittsfield,
Massachusetts) XXX, no. 1547, May 13, 1830
14. Cherokee Phoenix. New Echota: May 29, 1830, 29 May 1830, Cherokee
Phoenix and Indians Advocate.
See appropriate file in the folder:
3. New Echota, Cherokee Phoenix and
Indians Advocate. Begin transcription from the subheading CHEROKEE PHOENIX.
New Echota: May 29, 1830.. End with we shall drink it to the very dregs..
15.Removal of the Indians, Religious Inquirer, (Hartford, Connecticut) IX,
no. 20, July 3, 1830: 159
16. President Andrew Jackson's Message to Congress 'On Indian Removal' (6
December 1830).
17. Sarah Tuttle and Christopher C. Dean, Letters on the Chickasaw and Osage
Missions (Boston: T.R. Marvin, 1831), pp. 5-11.
18. James B. Gardiner to George Gibson, 20 June 1832, in Correspondence on
the subject of the Emigration of Indians, (Washington: Duff Green, 1834), pp.
689-692.
19. Application for Indemnity, for being deprived by settlers of
reservations of the Choctaw Indians, Andrew Hays, 1 February 1836, in:
American State Papers: Public Lands, VIII, Asbury Dickins & John W. Forney
(eds.), (Washington: Gales & Seaton, 1861), pp. 432-433.
20. Myer M. Cohen, Notices of Florida and the Campaigns, (Charleston: Burges
& Honour, 1836), pp. 135-143.
21. Catherine E. Beecher, Educational Reminiscences and Suggestions, (New
York: J.B. Ford, 1874), pp. 62-66.
Part
3. Liberia and the Colonization Project
22. Massachusetts Anti-Slavery and Anti-Segregation Petitions; House Unpassed
Legislation 1787
23. Colonization of Free Blacks, National Advocate, (New York, New York)
IV, no. 1261, December 30, 1816
24. Peter Williams, A discourse delivered on the death of Capt. Paul Cuffee :
before the New-York African Institution, in the African Methodist Episcopal
Zion Church, October 21, 1817 (New York: W. Williams, 1818), pp. 7-30.
25. Address to the Auxiliary Colonization Societies and the People of the
United States, The African Intelligencer, July 1820 (1/1), pp. 11-12.
26. Samuel Miller, A sermon, preached at Newark, October 22, 1823, before the
Synod of New Jersey, for the benefit of the African School, under the Care of
the Synod (Trenton: George Sherman, 1823), pp. 3-15.
27. From Thomas Jefferson to Jared Sparks, 4 February 1824
28. William Lloyd Garrison, Thoughts on African Colonization, (Boston:
Garrison and Knapp, 1832), pp. 79-81.
29. Examination of Mr. Thomas C. Brown, a free colored citizen of S.
Carolina, as to the actual state of things in Liberia in the years 1833 and
1834, at the Chatham Street Chapel, May 9th & 10th, 1834 (New York: S.W.
Benedict & Co, 1834), pp. 5-19.
30. From Liberia. New York, Dec. 8, National Banner and Nashville Whig,
(Nashville, Tennessee) XXIII, no. 1364, January 5, 1835
31. Letters to Catherine E. Beecher, In Reply to An Essay On Slavery and
Abolitionism, Addressed to A.E. Grimke (Boston: Isaac Knapp, 1838), pp.
35-41.
Part
4. Manifest Destiny
32. Henry Goulburn to Earl Bathurst, 25 November 1814, in Supplementary
Despatches, Correspondence, and Memoranda of Field Marshal Arthur Duke of
Wellington, IX, (London: John Murray, 1862), pp. 452-454.
33. Andrew Jackson to James Monroe, 4 March 1817, in Correspondence of Andrew
Jackson, Volume 2, John Spencer Bassett (ed.) (Washington D.C.: Carnegie
Institution of Washington, 1927), pp. 277-282.
34. John Quincy Adams to Don Luis de Onis, 23 July 1818, in Writings of John
Quincy Adams, VI, Worthington Chauncey Ford (ed.), (New York: The Macmillan
Company, 1916), pp. 386-394.
35. Horace Bushnell, The True Wealth or Weal of Nations, 15 August 1837, in
Work and Play, 1, (New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1881), pp. 43-77.
36. Richard Henry Dana, Two Years before the Mast, (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin
and Company, 1883), pp. 193-200.
37. Florida Armed Occupation Bill: Mr Bentons Speech: Extracts, 1840, in
Thirty Years View; or, A History of the Working of the American Government
for Thirty Years, From 1820 to 1850, II, Thomas Hart Benton (ed.), (New York:
D. Appleton and Co, 1856), pp. 167-171.
38. Gilbert McMaster, The obligations of the American scholar to his country
and the world : an address delivered before the Philalethean Society of
Hanover College, September 28th, 1841, (Madison, Ind: Simrall and Jones,
1841), pp. 3-7.
39. Alfred Robinson, Life in California, (London: H.G. Collins, 1851), pp.
170-178.
40. Cora Montgomery [ Jane Cazneau], Eagle Pass: or, Life on the Border (New
York: George P. Putnam & Co., 1852), pp. 31-33.
Part
5. Texan Annexation
41. Stephen Austin to Mrs Mary Austin Holley, 21 August 1835, in: The Austin
Papers, October 1834 January 1837, III, Eugene C. Barker (ed.), (Austin:
The University of Texas, 1926), pp. 101-102.
42. David Burnet to James Collinsworth and Peter W. Grayson, 26 May 1836, in
Diplomatic Correspondence of the Republic of Texas: Correspondence with the
United States (concluded), Mexico, and Yucatan, vol II, George Pierce
Garrison (ed.), (Washington: American Historical Association, 1908), pp.
89-91.
43. Mary Parker, Address of the Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society to the
Women of New England, June
1837. Right and Wrong in Boston. Annual report
of the Boston Female Anti-Slavery Soc. 94-98.
44. John T. Pinckney to Thomas C. Pinckney regarding the annexation of Texas
to the United States and the value of the land therein, much of which has
been taken from Native American tribes, 21 October
1837.
45.Texas-Mexico-England, Madisonian for the Country, (Washington (DC),
District of Columbia) VII, no. 44, January 3, 1844
46. James Buchanan to Edward D. Gazzam regarding the bill for admission of
Texas to the Union and South Carolina's opposition to another Tariff bill
(Gilder Lehrman Collection, Adam Matthew Collection), 3 February
1844.
47. Letter from John C. Calhoun to Richard Pakenham, 18 April 1844, in The
Works of John C. Calhoun, vol. 5: Reports and Public Letters of John C.
Calhoun, ed. Richard K. Crallé (New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1859), pp.
333339.
48. Hear This! Hear This, Macon Weekly Telegraph, (Macon, Georgia) XVIII,
no. 46, August 13, 1844
49. Texas, 14 January 1845, New-Hampshire Gazette, (Portsmouth, New
Hampshire) XCI, no. 2, January 14, 1845
50. Texas is Ours! And Cuba must Follow!, 26 September 1845, The
Liberator.
Part
6. Women and Empire
51. Cherokee Indian/Native American Women to National Council at Amohee, 2
May
1817.
52. Mary Austin Holley, Observations, historical, geographical and
descriptive, in a series of letters, written during a visit to Austin's
colony, with a view of a permanent settlement in that country, in the autumn
of 1831, (Baltimore: Armstrong & Plaskitt, 1833), pp. 119-126.
53. Lydia Maria Child, Colonization Society, and Anti-Slavery Society, in
An Appeal in Favour of that Class of Americans Called Africans, (Boston:
Allen and Ticknor, 1833), pp. 129-154.
54. Abby Jane Morrell, Narrative of a Voyage to the Ethiopic and South
Atlantic Ocean...in the Years 1829, 1830, 1831 (New York: J. & J. Harper,
1833), pp. 160-165.
55. Andrew Welch, A Narrative of the Life and Sufferings of Mrs. Jane Johns,
(Charleston: Burke & Guiles, 1837), pp. 10-11.
Part
7. Indigenous Perspectives
56. William McIntosh, To the Members of the Legislature of the State of
Georgia, 12 April 1825, in: American State Papers, Indian Affairs: Volume 2,
Walter Lowrie and Walter S. Franklin (eds.) (Washington: Gales & Seaton,
1834), pp. 759-761.
57. The Choctaws Farewell, Niles Weekly Register, Volume 41 (1831-1832)
(Baltimore: H. Niles, 1832), p.
480.
58. Proceedings in Council, 23 October 1834, in The War in Florida,
Woodburne Potter (Baltimore: Lewis and Coleman, 1836), pp. 53-55.
59. John Ross, To the Honourable the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America, 28 September 1836, in: Letter From John Ross,
the Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation, to A Gentleman of Philadelphia,
(Philadelphia, 1838), pp. 22-24.
60. Coacoochee addresses his white captors, 4 July 1841, Quoted in Francis
Samuel Drake, Indian History for Young Folks (New York: Harper & Brothers,
1885), p.
419.
Part
8. Anti-Imperial Voices
61.Character and Claims of the Indians, Columbian Star, (Washington (DC),
District of Columbia), 1 January 1825, p.
3.
62. Jeremiah Evarts, Essays on the Present Crisis in the Condition of the
American Indians, (Boston: Perkins & Marvin, 1829), pp. 95-101.
63. The Blood-Hound War!, Madisonian for the Country, (Washington (DC),
District of Columbia) III, no. 50, January 21, 1840
64. Charles Knox, Thoughts on a War with America, in Remarks on a war with
America, and its probable consequences to that country (London: John
Ollivier, 1840), pp. 1-11.
65. Citizens of Cambridge, Massachusetts, How to settle the Texas question:
[ address to the friends of free institutions in Massachusetts and other free
states] (1845), pp. 1-6.
Part
9. Through an Environment Lens
66. Constantin-François Volney, View of the Climate and Soil of the United
States of America, (London: J. Johnson, 1804), pp. 7-12.
67. Francois Andre Michaux, Travels to the West of the Alleghany Mountains in
the States of Ohio, Kentucky and Tennessee, (London: B. Crosby and Co, 1805),
pp. 198-203.
68. From the National Intelligencer. a Sketch of Pensacola, Spooner's
Vermont Journal, (Windsor, Vermont) XXVIII, no. 1401, July 30, 1810
69. Henry Marie Brackenridge, Views of Louisiana; together with a Journal of
a voyage up the Missouri River, in 1811 (Pittsburgh: Cramer, Spear and
Richbaum, 1814), pp. 99-103.
70. William Simmons, Notices of East-Florida, (Charleston: A.E. Miller,
1822), pp. 32-42.
Index
Dr Edward Mair is currently an Assistant Professor in Post-1800 United States History at the University of Cambridge. Previously, he has held lecturing positions at the University of York and Liverpool John Moores University, and completed his PhD at the University of Hull. His research focuses on the relationship between Black and Indigenous communities in the borderlands of North America, and their responses to the spread of U.S. imperialism during the nineteenth century. He has written multiple peer-reviewed articles on the Seminoles of Florida in particular and is currently finishing a monograph on this topic.
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