| Preface |
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xiii | |
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1 Phosphorous-Based Materials for K-Ion Batteries |
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1 | (18) |
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1 | (4) |
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1.2 Principles of Potassium-Ion Batteries |
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5 | (8) |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (2) |
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1.2.2.1 Carbon-Based Materials |
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8 | (1) |
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1.2.2.2 Alloy-Based Anode Materials |
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9 | (4) |
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13 | (6) |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (5) |
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2 Antimony-Based Electrodes for Potassium Ion Batteries |
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19 | (24) |
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19 | (2) |
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2.2 Insight of Experimental Method |
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21 | (2) |
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21 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Characterization Tools |
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22 | (1) |
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2.2.3 Measurement Techniques |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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2.4 Use of Antimony (Sb) Based K-Ion Batteries (KIB) |
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24 | (8) |
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24 | (1) |
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2.4.2 Structure of Antimony Based KIB |
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25 | (1) |
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2.4.3 Antimony Used in KIBs |
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25 | (2) |
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2.4.4 Research Based on K-Sb Ion Batteries in the Last 5 Years |
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27 | (5) |
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32 | (2) |
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2.6 Future Perceptive and Challenges |
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34 | (9) |
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36 | (7) |
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3 K-Ion Battery Practical Application Toward Grid-Energy Storage |
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43 | (56) |
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44 | (6) |
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3.2 Intercalation Reaction |
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50 | (10) |
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60 | (10) |
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3.3.1 Layered Metal Oxides |
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60 | (2) |
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3.3.2 Prussian Blue Analogs |
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62 | (3) |
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3.3.3 Polyanionic-Based Compounds |
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65 | (3) |
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68 | (2) |
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70 | (11) |
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3.4.1 Carbon-Based Materials |
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70 | (3) |
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3.4.2 Non-Carbonaceous Materials |
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73 | (3) |
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3.4.3 Alloy-Based Materials |
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76 | (2) |
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78 | (3) |
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3.5 Electrolyte and Binder |
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81 | (2) |
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83 | (16) |
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83 | (16) |
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4 Mn-Based Materials for K-Ion Batteries |
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99 | (24) |
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100 | (4) |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (7) |
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4.3.1 Manganese Layered Compounds |
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106 | (2) |
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4.3.2 Manganese Based Multi-Layered Compounds |
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108 | (2) |
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4.3.3 Prussian Blue Analogs |
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110 | (2) |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (2) |
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114 | (9) |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (8) |
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5 Electrode Materials for K-Ion Batteries and Applications |
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123 | (14) |
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124 | (9) |
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124 | (1) |
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5.1.2 Background of Rechargeable Batteries |
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125 | (1) |
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5.1.3 Classification of Batteries |
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125 | (2) |
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5.1.4 Potassium Ion Battery |
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127 | (6) |
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133 | (4) |
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134 | (3) |
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6 Active Materials for Flexible K-Ion Batteries |
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137 | (10) |
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138 | (1) |
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6.2 Flexible Prussian Blue |
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138 | (1) |
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6.3 Flexible Carbon Nanotube/Prussian Blue |
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139 | (1) |
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6.4 Flexible Film From the Trace of Pencil |
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140 | (1) |
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6.5 Flexible Carbon Nanofiber Mat |
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141 | (1) |
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6.6 Flexible SeS2-Porous Carbon |
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141 | (1) |
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6.7 Flexible ReS2-Nanofiber Carbon |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (4) |
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144 | (1) |
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144 | (3) |
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7 Hollow Nanostructures for K-Ion Batteries |
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147 | (20) |
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147 | (1) |
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7.2 Current Scenario of Nanostructured Materials for K-Ion Batteries |
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148 | (2) |
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7.3 Hollow Nanostructure Based K-Ion Batteries |
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150 | (10) |
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7.3.1 Metallic Hollow Nanostructured Anodes for K-Ion Batteries |
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151 | (2) |
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7.3.2 Carbonaceous Hollow Nanostructured Anodes for K-Ion Batteries |
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153 | (7) |
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160 | (7) |
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161 | (6) |
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8 Polyanion Materials for K-Ion Batteries |
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167 | (24) |
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168 | (1) |
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8.2 Potassium-Ion Batteries |
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169 | (1) |
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8.3 Cathode Materials for Potassium-Ion Batteries |
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170 | (1) |
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8.4 Polyanionic Materials |
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171 | (5) |
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8.4.1 The NASICON and Anti-NASICON Structured Polyanions |
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172 | (2) |
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8.4.2 Olivine Structured Polyanion Materials |
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174 | (1) |
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8.4.3 Tavorite Structured Polyanion Materials |
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175 | (1) |
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8.5 Polyanions as Cathode Material for Potassium-Ion Batteries |
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176 | (8) |
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8.5.1 Potassium-Based Fluorosulfates |
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176 | (1) |
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8.5.2 Amorphous Potassium-Based Iron Phosphates |
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177 | (1) |
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8.5.3 Potassium-Based Double Phosphates of Titanium |
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178 | (1) |
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8.5.4 Potassium-Based Vanadyl Phosphates |
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179 | (2) |
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8.5.5 Potassium-Based Vanadyl Flourophosphates |
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181 | (3) |
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184 | (7) |
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185 | (6) |
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9 Fundamental Mechanism and Key Performance Factor in K-Ion Batteries |
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191 | (22) |
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192 | (3) |
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9.1.1 Primary vs. Secondary Batteries |
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194 | (1) |
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9.1.2 Classification of Secondary Potassium Batteries |
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195 | (1) |
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9.2 Recognizing Potential Materials for Their Usage as a Cathode and Observing Their Storage Functionalities |
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195 | (2) |
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9.3 Aqueous Potassium-Ion Batteries |
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197 | (5) |
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198 | (1) |
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9.3.2 Potassium Metal Batteries |
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199 | (2) |
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201 | (1) |
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9.4 Non-Aqueous Potassium-Ion Batteries |
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202 | (3) |
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202 | (1) |
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9.4.1.1 Hexacyanometalates (HCM) |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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9.4.1.3 Polyanionic Frameworks |
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203 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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9.4.2.2 Other Carbonaceous Materials |
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204 | (1) |
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9.5 Opportunities and Challenges |
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205 | (8) |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (6) |
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10 Fabrication of the Components of K-Ion Batteries: Material Selection and the Cell Assembly Techniques Toward the Higher Battery Performance |
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213 | (80) |
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214 | (3) |
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10.2 Recent Materials Studied for Cathodes |
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217 | (30) |
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10.2.1 Cathodes Based on Transition-Metal Oxides |
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217 | (13) |
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10.2.2 Cathodes Based on Transition-Metal Polyanions |
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230 | (17) |
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10.2.3 Cathodes Based on Organic Compounds |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (33) |
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10.3.1 Intercalation Anodes |
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250 | (15) |
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265 | (7) |
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272 | (7) |
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279 | (1) |
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10.4 Electrolytes and Binders |
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280 | (2) |
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10.5 Conclusion and Future Perspective |
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282 | (11) |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (10) |
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11 MXenes for K-Ion Batteries |
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293 | (20) |
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293 | (2) |
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11.2 Synthesis Method of MXene |
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295 | (5) |
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11.2.1 Synthesis of Ti3C2Tx MXene |
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297 | (1) |
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11.2.2 Synthesis of K2Ti4O9(M-KTO) |
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298 | (1) |
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11.2.3 Synthesis of Alkalized Ti3C2 MXene Nanosheets |
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299 | (1) |
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11.3 Structure and Electrochemical Properties of MXenes |
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300 | (7) |
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300 | (1) |
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300 | (5) |
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11.3.3 Alkalized Ti3C2 MXene Nanosheetsis as Electrode Materials |
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305 | (2) |
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307 | (6) |
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308 | (1) |
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308 | (5) |
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12 Metal Sulfides for K-Ion Batteries |
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313 | (24) |
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314 | (1) |
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12.2 SynthesisApproach.es |
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315 | (9) |
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12.2.1 SnS2-Based Composites |
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315 | (2) |
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12.2.2 MoS2-Based Composites |
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317 | (2) |
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12.2.3 CoS-Based Composites |
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319 | (1) |
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12.2.4 Sb2S3-Based Composites |
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320 | (1) |
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12.2.5 FeS2-Based Composites |
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321 | (1) |
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12.2.6 Ni3S2-Based Composites |
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322 | (1) |
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322 | (2) |
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12.3 Structures, Properties, and K-Ion Battery Applications |
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324 | (7) |
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12.3.1 SnS2-Based Composites |
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324 | (1) |
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12.3.2 MoS2-Based Composites |
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325 | (1) |
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12.3.3 CoS-Based Composites |
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326 | (2) |
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12.3.4 Sb2S3-Based Composites |
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328 | (1) |
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12.3.5 FeS2-Based Composites |
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329 | (1) |
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12.3.6 Ni3S2-Based Composites |
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329 | (2) |
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331 | (6) |
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331 | (1) |
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331 | (6) |
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13 Electrodes for Potassium Oxygen Batteries |
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337 | (20) |
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337 | (3) |
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13.2 Categorization of Potassium Secondary Batteries |
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340 | (1) |
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13.3 Potassium-Oxygen Battery |
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341 | (1) |
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13.4 State-of-the-Art or Current Status |
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341 | (2) |
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13.4.1 High Capacity Sb-Based Anode |
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341 | (1) |
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13.4.2 Enhanced Cycle Life by Functionally Graded Cathode (FGC) |
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342 | (1) |
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13.5 Advancement in Rechargeable Alkali Metal-O2 Cells |
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343 | (6) |
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343 | (3) |
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346 | (1) |
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346 | (2) |
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348 | (1) |
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349 | (8) |
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351 | (1) |
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352 | (5) |
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14 Ti-Based Materials for K-Ion Batteries |
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357 | (16) |
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357 | (2) |
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14.2 Titanium-Based Compounds |
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359 | (3) |
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14.3 Some Other Materials for KIBs Such as K2Ti8O7 and K Ti O |
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362 | (1) |
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14.4 Promises and Challenges of KIBs |
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362 | (2) |
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14.5 Summary and Future Scenario |
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364 | (8) |
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366 | (1) |
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366 | (6) |
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372 | (1) |
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372 | (1) |
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15 Newborn Electrodes for K-Ion Batteries |
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373 | (38) |
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373 | (2) |
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15.2 Negative Electrode Materials |
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375 | (14) |
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15.2.1 Carbon Based Materials |
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381 | (1) |
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381 | (2) |
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15.2.1.2 Other Carbonaceous Materials |
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383 | (3) |
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15.2.2 Alloying and Conversion Electrodes |
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386 | (2) |
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388 | (1) |
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15.3 Positive Electrode Materials |
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389 | (9) |
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15.3.1 Layered Oxide Compounds |
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389 | (5) |
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15.3.2 Hexacyanometallate Groups |
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394 | (1) |
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15.3.3 Polyanionic Compounds |
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395 | (1) |
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396 | (2) |
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398 | (13) |
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399 | (1) |
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399 | (12) |
| Index |
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