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E-raamat: Introduction to Nuclear Power 2nd edition [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

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Chemical engineers Hewitt (Imperial College, London) and the late Collier, who was in the nuclear power industry, offer an overview of the technology for general readers, graduate or undergraduate students in energy, and industrial technicians. Concerned that people were frightened of nuclear power without understanding it very well, they explain clearly what the dangers are, particularly accidents due to loss of cooling and disposing of nuclear waste. No date is noted for the first edition, but it was nearly in press when the Chernobyl accident occurred in 1986. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
Preface to Second Edition xi
Preface to First Edition xiii
The Earth and Nuclear Power: Sources and Resources
1(27)
Introduction
1(8)
Forms of Energy
2(3)
Units of Energy
5(1)
Energy Conversion Process
6(3)
Earth's Internal Heat Generation
9(6)
The Earth's Energy Flow
15(2)
The Fission Process
17(5)
Thermal Energy Resources
22(6)
References
24(1)
Examples and Problems
25(1)
Bibliography
26(2)
How Reactors Work
28(34)
Introduction
28(1)
The Fission Process
28(6)
Basic Components of a Nuclear Reactor
34(3)
Thermal Reactors
37(18)
Natural Uranium Graphite-Moderated (Magnox) Reactors
37(3)
Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactors
40(3)
Pressurized-Water Reactors
43(3)
Boiling-Water Reactors
46(2)
Natural Uranium Heavy Water-Moderated and-Cooled Reactors
48(2)
Boiling-Water, Graphite-Moderated Direct-Cycle Reactor (RBMK)
50(5)
Fast Reactors
55(7)
Liquid Metal-Cooled Fast Breeder Reactors
55(5)
Examples and Problems
60(1)
Bibliography
61(1)
Cooling Reactors
62(30)
Introduction
62(1)
General Features of a Reactor Coolant
62(2)
Principles of Heat Transfer
64(8)
Gaseous Coolants
72(3)
Air
72(1)
Carbon Dioxide
73(1)
Helium
74(1)
Steam
75(1)
Liquid Coolants
75(5)
Light Water
75(2)
Heavy Water
77(1)
Organic Fluids
77(1)
Molten Salts
78(1)
Liquid Metals
78(2)
Boiling Coolants
80(2)
Water
81(1)
Liquid Metals
81(1)
Alternative Forms of Reactor Coolant Circuits
82(10)
Loop-Type Circuits
83(1)
Integral-Type Circuits
84(1)
Pool-Type Circuits
85(2)
Future Developments
87(1)
References
88(1)
Examples and Problems
88(3)
Bibliography
91(1)
Loss of Cooling
92(50)
Introduction
92(7)
The Electric Kettle
99(2)
Pressurized-Water Reactor
101(22)
Operating States of the PWR
101(6)
Energy Balances in the PWR under Fault Conditions
107(2)
The Large-Break LOCA in the PWR
109(7)
The Small-Break LOCA
116(7)
Alternative ECCSs
123(1)
Boiling-Water Reactor
123(5)
Large-Break LOCA in a BWR (the Design Basis Accident)
124(2)
Small-Break LOCAs in BWRs
126(2)
CANDU Reactor
128(2)
Gas-Cooled Reactors
130(4)
Design Basis Accident for the AGR: Depressurization Fault
133(1)
Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor
134(8)
Reference
136(1)
Examples and Problems
136(5)
Bibliography
141(1)
Loss-Of-Cooling Accidents: Some Examples
142(66)
Introduction
142(1)
Incidents in Light Water--Cooled Reactors
143(41)
The SL-1 Accident
143(1)
The Millstone 1 Accident
144(1)
The Browns Ferry Fire
145(1)
The Three Mile Island (TMI) Accident
146(14)
The Ginna Incident
160(1)
Mihama 2 Incident
161(3)
The Serious Accident at Chernobyl
164(20)
Heavy Water--Moderated Reactors
184(4)
The NXR Incident
184(2)
The Core-Damage Incident at Lucens
186(2)
Gas-Cooled Reactors
188(6)
The Windscale Fire
188(2)
The Fuel Meltdown at St. Laurent
190(1)
Seawater Ingress in the Hunterston BAGR Station
191(2)
Fuel Damage during Charging at the Hinkley Point BAGR
193(1)
Liquid Metal--Cooled Fast Reactors
194(3)
The EBR-1 Meltdown Accident
194(2)
Fuel Melting Incident at the Enrico Fermi 1 Fast Breeder Reactor
196(1)
The International Nuclear Event Scale (INES)
197(11)
References
202(1)
Examples and Problems
202(5)
Bibliography
207(1)
Postulated Severe Accidents
208(26)
Introduction
208(1)
Postulated Severe Accidents in Water-Cooled Reactors
209(8)
Core Damage
209(2)
Challenges to the Reactor Pressure Vessel
211(2)
Challenges to the Reactor Containment
213(3)
Mitigating the Consequences of Severe Accidents
216(1)
Specific Phenomena relating to Severe Accidents
217(8)
Fuel-Coolant Interactions:-``Steam Explosions''
217(2)
Debris Beds and Their Cooling
219(2)
Hydrogen Formation: Burning and Explosions
221(2)
Containment Basement Melt-Through and Failure
223(2)
Severe Accidents in Other Reactor Types
225(3)
Fission Product Dispersion following containment Failure
228(6)
References
228(1)
Examples and Problems
229(4)
Bibliography
233(1)
Cooling during Fuel Removal and Processing
234(23)
Introduction
234(2)
Refueling
236(7)
Refueling of Gas-Cooled Reactors
236(2)
Refueling of CANDU Reactors
238(3)
Refueling of Light-Water Reactors
241(1)
Refueling of Liquid Metal--Cooled Fast Breeder Reactors
242(1)
Spent Fuel Storage and Transport
243(5)
Reprocessing Plant
248(9)
References
252(2)
Examples and Problems
254(2)
Bibliography
256(1)
Cooling and Disposing of the Waste
257(24)
Introduction
257(1)
Classification of Waste Products
257(2)
Fission Products and Their Biological Significance
259(3)
Options for Nuclear Waste Disposal
262(2)
Long-Term Storage and Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel
264(5)
Ultimate Disposal in Salt Deposits
267(1)
Geological Storage
267(2)
Storage and Disposal of Fission Products from Reprocessing Plants
269(4)
Disposal of Other Materials
273(8)
References
275(1)
Examples and Problems
275(5)
Bibliography
280(1)
Fusion Energy: Prospect for the Future
281(18)
Introduction
281(1)
The Fusion Process
282(2)
Confinement
284(2)
Current Technical Position
286(7)
Conclusions
293(6)
References
294(1)
Examples and Problems
294(3)
Bibliography
297(2)
Index 299


Geoffrey F. Hewitt, John G. Collier