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E-raamat: Chemically Modified Electrodes [Wiley Online]

Edited by (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of Guelph, Canada), Edited by (Materials Science Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA), Edited by (University of Ulm, Germany), Edited by (University of Illinois, Urbana, USA)
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With contributions from an international group of expert authors, this book includes the latest trends in tailoring interfacial properties electrochemically. The chapters cover various organic and inorganic compounds, with applications ranging from electrochemistry to nanotechnology and biology.
Of interest to physical, surface and electrochemists, materials scientists and physicists.
Preface ix
List of Contributors
xi
Nanostructured Electrodes with Unique Properties for Biological and Other Applications
1(56)
J. Justin Gooding
Leo M. H. Lai
Ian Y. Goon
Introduction
1(1)
High Surface Area Electrodes
2(21)
Attachment of Nanoparticles onto Electrodes
3(9)
Templating using Membranes
12(7)
Templating using Lyotropic Liquid Crystals
19(3)
Colloidal Templates
22(1)
Catalytic Properties
23(4)
Exploiting Nanoscale Control to Interface Electrodes with Biomolecules
27(12)
Plugging Nanomaterials into Proteins - Nanoparticles
27(2)
Plugging Nanomaterials into Proteins - Carbon Nanotubes
29(2)
Plugging Nanomaterials into Proteins - Molecular Wires
31(1)
Nanostructuring Electrodes to Achieve Intimate Connectivity with Biomolecules
32(1)
Nanostructuring Electrodes using Rigid Molecules
32(3)
The use of Molecular Wires in Electrochemistry such that Long-Distance Electron Transfer can be Exploited for a Variety of Applications
35(4)
Switchable Surfaces
39(11)
Switching Properties of Monolayer Systems
39(4)
Control and Enhancement of Electrochemical Reactions using Magnetic Nanostructures on Electrodes
43(7)
Conclusions
50(7)
References
50(7)
Electrochemically Active Polyelectrolyte-Modified Electrodes
57(60)
Mario Tagliazucchi
Ernesto J. Calvo
Introduction
57(7)
Chemically Modified Electrodes
58(1)
Redox Hydrogels
59(1)
Redox Polyelectrolyte Monolayers
60(1)
Redox Polymer Brushes and Grafted DNA
61(1)
Layer-by-Layer Polyelectrolyte Multilayers
62(2)
Structure
64(8)
Polyelectrolye Interpenetration
66(1)
Compensation of Polyelectrolyte Charges
66(1)
Film Inner Structure
66(1)
Effect of the Assembly pH
67(1)
Theoretical Description
68(4)
Electrochemical Response
72(12)
Ideal Response
72(1)
Peak Position and Donnan Potential
73(5)
Coupling Between the Acid-Base and Redox Equilibria
78(1)
Peak Width
79(2)
Nonreversible Electrochemistry: Charge Transport
81(3)
Dynamics of Solvent and Ion Exchange
84(5)
Ion Exchange
84(2)
Solvent Exchange
86(1)
Specific Ionic Effects
86(2)
Break-In
88(1)
Molecular Description of Redox Polyelectrolyte-Modified Electrodes
89(8)
Formulation of the Molecular Theory
89(7)
Comparison with Phenomenological Models, Advantages and Limitations
96(1)
Applications
97(9)
Amperometric Enzymatic Electrodes
97(8)
Electrochromic Devices
105(1)
Conclusions
106(11)
References
109(8)
Electrochemistry on Carbon-Nanotube-Modified Surfaces
117(52)
Maria Jose Esplandiu
Introduction
117(1)
Structure and Properties of Carbon Nanotubes
118(10)
Structure and Electronic Properties
118(3)
Chemical Properties
121(2)
Electrochemical Properties
123(5)
Towards the Design of CNT-Modified Electrodes
128(19)
Synthesis of CNTs
128(1)
CNT Purification Methods
129(1)
Chemical and Biochemical Functionalization
130(1)
Covalent Modification
131(2)
Noncovalent Modification
133(1)
Chemical Modification for CNT Sorting
133(2)
Chemical Doping, Intercalation and Artificial Defects
135(1)
CNT Deposition on Electrode Surfaces
135(1)
Randomly Dispersed CNTs
135(6)
Oriented CNT Electrodes
141(3)
Individual CNT Electrodes
144(2)
CNT-Modified Electrode Pretreatments
146(1)
Electrochemical Applications of CNT Electrodes
147(13)
Biosensors
147(1)
Enzymatic and Redox Protein Biosensors
148(3)
CNT/DNA and Genosensors
151(5)
Immunosensors
156(1)
Electrochemical Actuators
157(1)
Electrochemical Energy-Harvesting Devices
157(3)
Conclusions and Future Prospects
160(9)
References
162(7)
Electrochemistry of Electroactive Surface-Immobilized Nanoparticles
169(28)
Daniel A. Buttry
Introduction
169(2)
Synthetic Approaches and Characterization
171(3)
Immobilization Schemes
174(4)
Metal Oxides
178(8)
TiOx
178(2)
MnOx
180(4)
FeOx
184(1)
NiOx and CoOx
185(1)
Other Metal Oxides and Metal Sulfides
186(1)
Prussian Blue and Its Derivatives
187(5)
Concluding Remarks
192(5)
References
193(4)
Structure, Electrochemistry and Applications of Self-Assembled Monolayers of Thiols
197(60)
Manfred Buck
Introduction
197(3)
Structural Aspects of Thiol-Like SAMs
200(9)
Reductive Desorption of SAMs
209(9)
Metal Deposition on SAM-Modified Electrodes
218(27)
General Remarks
218(2)
On-Top Deposition
220(8)
Underpotential Deposition
228(11)
Bulk-Metal Deposition
239(6)
Summary and Outlook
245(12)
References
247(10)
Index 257
Richard C. Alkire is Professor Emeritus of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Charles and Dorothy Prizer Chair at the University of Illinois, Urbana, USA. He obtained his degrees at Lafayette College and University of California at Berkeley. He has received numerous prizes, including Vittorio de Nora Award and Lifetime National Associate award from National Academy.

Dieter M. Kolb is Professor of Electrochemistry at the University of Ulm, Germany. He received his undergraduate and PhD degrees at the Technical University of Munich. He was a Postdoctoral Fellow at Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ, USA. He worked as a Senior Scientist at the Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society, Berlin and completed his habilitation at the Free University of Berlin, where he also was Professor. Prof. Kolb has received many prizes and is a member of several societies.

Jacek Lipkowski is Professor at the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of Guelph, Canada. His research interests focus on surface analysis and interfacial electrochemistry. He has authored over 120 publications and is a member of several societies, including a Fellow of the International Society of Electrochemistry.

Philip N. Ross has recently retired from his position as a Senior Scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He received his academic degrees at Yale University, New Haven, CT, and University of Delaware, Newark, DL. He has received the David C. Grahame Award of the Electrochemical Society, and is a member of several Committees and Advisory Boards.