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In 1513 the Portuguese became the first Europeans to establish a maritime route to China. Their motives were a combination of a quest for trade and territory, and a desire to promote Christianity in the region. This anthology of translated extracts of first-hand accounts by contemporary travellers, merchants, missionaries and officials, includes writings by Joaõ de Barros, one of the most prominent chroniclers of the Portuguese overseas endeavours. The importance of the Macau peninsula as a point of exchange in trade between China and Japan is charted in extracts from, amongst others, the journals of the Italian Jesuit Father Matteo Ricci. As this collection of writings shows, the formation of the Dutch East India Company in 1602 heralded the gradual erosion of Portuguese influence in China. Their imprint on Macau was more long-lasting, with their disengagement from the peninsula finally taking place in 1999.
List of Illustrations
vii
General Editor's Foreword ix
Introduction xiii
First Contacts, 1513-57: The Arrival of the `Barbarian Devils' from the West
1(24)
Two Early Hearsay Accounts
1(5)
The Expedition of Fernao Peres de Andrade
6(7)
A Brother's Disruption: Simao de Andrade
13(2)
The Disastrous Expeditions of 1521 and 1522
15(3)
The Fateful Embassy of Tome Pires
18(4)
Trade, Smuggling and Piracy from Precarious Toeholds (1523-57)
22(3)
A Civilization Observed: Imperial Ming China in the Sixteenth Century
25(32)
Physical and Economic Geography
25(11)
Government, Administration and Welfare
36(7)
Society
43(4)
Chinese and Other Religions
47(6)
Language and the World of the Intellect
53(4)
The Portuguese Settle in Macau: The Early Years
57(8)
The Settlement in Macau
57(1)
`Foreign Devils'
58(1)
Portuguese Opposition to Spanish Interference
59(1)
The Jesuits seen as a Portuguese Reconnaissance Expedition
60(1)
The Macau Trade: European Goods Sought in Beijing and Suzhou
60(1)
The Portuguese of Macau Support the Jesuit Missions
61(1)
Confrontation with the Dutch
62(1)
Confrontation with the Chinese
63(2)
The Jesuit Missions in China: The Portuguese Contribution
65(10)
Father Antonio de Almeida and Father Michele Ruggieri
65(1)
Father Antonio de Almeida and Father Matteo Ricci
66(2)
Father Duarte de Sande and Father Matteo Ricci
68(1)
Father Joao Soeiro and the Nanchang Mission
68(1)
Father Joao da Rocha and the Nanjing Mission
69(1)
Father Manuel Dias and Financial Support from Macau
70(1)
Father Manuel Dias as Rector of the Three Southern Residences
71(2)
Father Alessandro Valignano Loosens the Links with Macau
73(2)
The Quest for Cathay: The Odyssey of Brother Bento de Gois
75(6)
Gois Receives News about the Jesuits in Beijing
75(1)
Gois Reaches the Great Wall of China
76(1)
Gois Sends Letters to the Beijing Mission
77(1)
The Rescue Dash of Joao Fernandes and the Death of Brother Bento
78(1)
The Surviving Documents Relating to the Quest
79(2)
Macau in the Late 1630s: Three Complementary Accounts
81(16)
Macau's Location and its Built Environment
81(3)
Revenues, Dues, Produce and Trade
84(4)
Shipping in Macau Waters
88(1)
Macau's Mixed Society and its Social Activities
89(5)
The Portuguese, the Dutch and the Chinese
94(3)
Macau and Manchu China
97(6)
Ecclesiastical and Social Irregularities
97(1)
The Embassy of Manuel de Saldanha (1666-70)
98(1)
The Decline of Macau and the Increase in Violence
99(4)
Glossary 103(4)
Bibliography 107(2)
Index 109
Clive Willis, University of Manchester, UK