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E-raamat: China's Rural Areas: Building a Moderately Prosperous Society [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

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China's Rural Areas: Building a Moderately Prosperous SocietySuurem pilt
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The prosperity of China’s people has advanced very much in recent decades. However, in many respects China is still a developing country, and this is especially true of rural areas where economic progress has not been as marked as in urban areas and where many people still live in relative poverty. The Chinese government recognizes that more hard work is needed in order to improve prosperity in the countryside. This book provides a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the situation in China’s rural areas, assesses the effectiveness or otherwise of current policies, and puts forward proposals for further development. Subjects covered include the changing population profile of rural areas, land ownership, agricultural improvements, and local self-government.
List of figures
ix
List of tables
xi
List of boxes
xiii
China Development Report 2013/14 project team xv
Foreword xvii
Acknowledgements xix
Introduction 1(6)
1 The epic task of "building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way" in rural parts of China
7(15)
The atypical dichotomy between urban and rural areas and how this pattern developed in China
8(2)
Rural development strategy in China from a historical perspective
10(4)
Key tasks and challenges as we seek to establish all-round moderate prosperity in rural areas
14(4)
The basic pathway toward building an all-round moderately prosperous society in rural areas
18(4)
2 Changes in the geographic distribution of China's rural population and in the allocation of its labor resources
22(22)
Number, geographic distribution, and structure of China's rural population in the year 2020
23(7)
China's rural labor force in the year 2020
30(10)
Three pathways for dealing with changes in the rural population and labor force
40(4)
3 Furthering reform of China's land system and granting greater property rights to rural residents
44(40)
The evolution of China's land system, its primary characteristics, and its main problems
45(6)
Pushing forward on the reform of the property-rights [ ownership] system that governs rural land in China by undertaking the critical step of confirming and certifying ownership rights
51(4)
Actively promoting the transferability of contractual operating rights to farmland
55(5)
Reforming the management system that governs rural homestead sites [ "residential-use land"]
60(7)
Models that explore putting collectively owned construction-use land on the market
67(4)
Deepening reform of the system that governs land requisitions [ expropriations]
71(4)
Being proactive in exploring how to reform the system that governs collectively owned property rights
75(9)
4 Achieving a balance in the supply and demand for grain in China and ensuring food safety in terms of the quality of food
84(29)
The resource constraints that limit China's grain production
85(3)
The supply and demand for grain and trend lines
88(3)
Changes in global supply and demand for grain and its impact on China
91(4)
The situation with respect to food safety and establishing a regulatory system that addresses the situation
95(5)
Implementing the new national food security strategy
100(13)
5 Changing the operating systems that apply to Chinese agriculture and speeding up agricultural modernization
113(30)
Overall framework of the "new-style agricultural operating system"
113(3)
The necessity and the urgency of setting up a new-style agricultural operating system
116(3)
The current status of new-style agricultural operating systems and problems
119(10)
The overall rationale for developing a new-style agricultural operating system and basic requirements
129(4)
Key tasks and policy measures in developing the new-style agricultural operating system
133(10)
6 Increasing the income of farmers and ensuring fair distribution of income
143(21)
The current situation of farmers' income with respect to the objective of setting up a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way
144(4)
On promoting a further shift of the rural population toward cities and speeding up the growth of wage-type income among farmers
148(1)
Improving agricultural productivity and laying a firm foundation for increases in operating income from agriculture
149(3)
Increasing the strength of preferential policies for farmers and increasing transfer-type income for farmers
152(5)
Increasing the forcefulness of poverty-alleviation policies and eliminating absolute poverty
157(7)
7 Improving China's social security system and its systems for providing public services
164(34)
Optimize the allocation of educational resources, and improve the quality of education in rural areas
165(5)
Improve the rural old-age security system, and speed up the building of systems that provide services to the elderly in rural areas
170(5)
Improve the rural healthcare system, and raise levels of health among rural residents
175(11)
Improve the housing conditions of rural residents and ensure that vulnerable populations have a place to live
186(5)
Push forward the building of public service facilities in rural areas, and improve the living conditions of people in rural areas
191(7)
8 Promoting innovative ways to involve rural communities in self-governance
198(37)
The current pattern of governance in rural communities
199(18)
Rural communities and their changing dynamics in the current era
217(4)
Problems in rural governance at the present time
221(6)
Policy recommendations for creative ways to enable governance by rural communities
227(8)
9 Strengthening controls over resources and environmental protection, building an "ecological civilization" in the countryside
235(34)
Main problems facing the building of an "ecological civilization" in the countryside
235(8)
The serious impacts of environmental degradation in rural areas
243(5)
Countermeasures aimed at strengthening management controls over agricultural resources and at rural governance as it relates to the environment
248(21)
10 Clarifying the responsibilities and accountabilities of governments and increasing support from public finance
269(38)
The evolution of the relationship between the State and farmers since the founding of the PRC
270(14)
Overall situation with regard to public-finance spending at the current time
284(7)
Main problems with public spending at the present time
291(9)
Policy recommendations with respect to increasing public-finance spending
300(7)
11 Accelerate reform of the household registration system and promoting the unification of urban and rural development
307(29)
Accelerate reform of the system that manages household registrations
309(8)
Push forward the process of providing basic public services to all long-term residents of cities
317(14)
Push forward mechanisms that enable the transitioning agricultural population to become "urbanized"
331(5)
Concluding remarks 336(2)
Background reports that were incorporated in this volume 338(1)
References 339(10)
Index 349
China Development Research Foundation is one of the leading economic think tanks in China, where many of the details of Chinas economic reform have been formulated. Its work and publications therefore provide great insights into what the Chinese themselves think about economic reform and how it should develop.
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