| Preface |
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iii | |
| Contributors |
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xiii | |
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SECTION I INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW OF VISCERAL AND ABDOMINAL PAIN |
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1 Distinctive Clinical and Biological Characteristics of Visceral Pain |
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1 | (10) |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (1) |
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Clinical Superficial Pain |
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2 | (1) |
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Psychophysical Studies of Visceral Sensation |
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3 | (1) |
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Neuroanatomy of Visceral Pain |
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4 | (1) |
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Differences in Spinal Pathways |
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5 | (1) |
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Functional Imaging of Visceral Sensation |
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6 | (1) |
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Effects of Stress on Visceral Pain |
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6 | (1) |
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Silent Afferents in the Viscera |
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7 | (1) |
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Are All Visceral Pains the Same? |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (3) |
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2 Epidemiology and Socioeconomic Impact of Visceral and Abdominal Pain Syndromes |
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11 | (6) |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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Specific Visceral and Abdominal Pain Syndromes |
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12 | (3) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (2) |
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SECTION II THE NEUROBIOLOGY AND PSYCHOBIOLOGY OF CHRONIC VISCERAL PAIN |
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3 Overview of Pain and Sensitization |
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17 | (16) |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (9) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (6) |
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4 Neuroanatomy of Visceral Pain: Pathways and Processes |
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33 | (12) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (4) |
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Representation of Visceral Sensation in the Brain |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (6) |
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5 The Neurobiology of Visceral Nociceptors |
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45 | (22) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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Sensory Innervation of the Gastrointestinal Tract |
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46 | (14) |
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60 | (1) |
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60 | (7) |
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6 Neurochemical and Molecular Basis of Peripheral Sensitization |
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67 | (18) |
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67 | (1) |
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Ion Channels as Transducers |
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67 | (8) |
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75 | (1) |
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Nerve-Immune Interactions and Peripheral Sensitization |
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76 | (1) |
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Peripheral Sensitization and Visceral Pain Syndromes |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (7) |
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7 Spinal Mechanisms of Visceral Pain and Sensitization |
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85 | (122) |
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85 | (1) |
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Visceral Afferent Organization Contributing to Visceral Pain and Hyperalgesia |
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86 | (2) |
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Referred Pain and Hyperalgesia: Convergence of the Somatic and Visceral Body |
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88 | (3) |
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Measurement of Experimental Visceral Pain and Hyperalgesia |
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91 | (4) |
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Pharmacology of Spinal Processing of Visceral Pain |
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95 | (2) |
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Gonadal Hormone Modulation of Visceral Pain |
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97 | (1) |
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Conclusions and a Hypothesis |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (9) |
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8 Animal Models of Visceral Pain |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (2) |
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The Cardiopulmonary System |
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109 | (2) |
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The Gastrointestinal Tract |
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111 | (5) |
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116 | (5) |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (6) |
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9 Measuring Pain and Hyperalgesia in Persistent Pain Conditions with a Special Emphasis on Irritable Bowel Syndrome |
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127 | (114) |
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127 | (1) |
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General Considerations Concerning Pain Measurement |
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127 | (1) |
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Psychophysical Characterization of Pathophysiological Pain |
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128 | (4) |
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Testing Visceral and Cutaneous Hyperalgesia in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients |
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132 | (5) |
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Conclusions and Future Implications |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (103) |
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10 Mechanisms of Visceral Sensitization in Humans |
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241 | (21) |
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141 | (1) |
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The Modulation of Pain Perception |
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141 | (1) |
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Visceral Hypersensitivity |
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141 | (8) |
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Variability in the Development of Sensitized States |
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149 | (1) |
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Mechanisms of Visceral Sensitization in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorder |
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150 | (4) |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (107) |
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11 Visceral Pain: Lessons from Functional Brain Imaging |
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262 | (15) |
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161 | (1) |
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Review of Published Studies on Brain Responses to Visceral Stimuli |
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161 | (10) |
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Conclusions and Future Directions |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (5) |
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12 The Neural Basis of Referred Visceral Pain |
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177 | (1) |
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Maria Adele Giamberardino |
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177 | (1) |
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Referred Pain Phenomena in the Clinical Context |
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177 | (3) |
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Referred Pain Phenomena in the Experimental Context |
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180 | (3) |
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Neurophysiological Basis of Referred Pain |
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183 | (6) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (4) |
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13 From Sensation to Perception: The Gut-Brain Connection |
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193 | (12) |
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193 | (1) |
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Evaluation of Visceral Sensitivity in Humans |
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194 | (3) |
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Modulation of Visceral Perception |
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197 | (1) |
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Dysfunction of the Sensory System: Functional Gut Disorders |
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198 | (3) |
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201 | (4) |
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14 Stress, Visceral Pain, and the Brain-Gut Connections |
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205 | (16) |
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205 | (1) |
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Stress-Induced Visceral Hyperalgesia |
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205 | (3) |
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Stress-Induced Somatic and Visceral Hypoalgesia |
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208 | (1) |
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CRF/CRFi Receptors and the Biochemical Coding of Stress |
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209 | (1) |
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Brain CRF/CRF1-Signaling Pathways in Stress-Related Visceral Hyperalgesia |
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210 | (3) |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (8) |
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15 The Biopsychosocial Continuum in Visceral Pain in Chronic Abdominal and Visceral Pain: Theory and Practice |
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221 | (11) |
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221 | (1) |
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The Biopsychosocial Continuum |
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222 | (1) |
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223 | (4) |
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Clinical Presentation Based on Severity of Pain and Implications for Treatment |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (3) |
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16 Chronic Pain and Addiction |
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232 | (13) |
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231 | (1) |
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Binary Concept of Pain and Addiction |
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231 | (1) |
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Pain and Opioid Addiction---A Continuum Approach |
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232 | (1) |
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Basic Science of Addiction |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (2) |
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Basic Concepts in the Use of Opioids |
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236 | (1) |
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Modified-Release Delivery Systems |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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Opioids for Analgesia or Opioid Stabilizing Effect? |
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238 | (1) |
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Universal Precautions in Pain Medicine |
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239 | (1) |
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Group I Primary Care Management |
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239 | (1) |
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Group II Primary Care with Consultative Support |
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239 | (1) |
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Group III Specialty Referral |
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240 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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Federal Regulations for Prescribing a Scheduled Controlled Substance |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (2) |
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SECTION III THERAPY FOR VISCERAL PAIN: SCIENTIFIC BASIS AND PRACTICE ASPECTS |
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17 Treating Visceral Pain Via Molecular Targets on Afferent Neurons: Current and Future |
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245 | (26) |
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Visceral Pain Therapy: Current and Future |
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245 | (1) |
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Sensory Neurons and GI Hypersensitivity |
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245 | (1) |
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Criteria for the Design of Efficacious Sensory Neuron-Targeting Drugs |
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246 | (1) |
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Three Classes of Sensory Neuron-Targeting Drugs |
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247 | (1) |
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Sensory Neuron-Specific Receptors and Sensors |
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247 | (6) |
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Ion Channels Regulating Sensory Nerve Excitability, Conduction, and Transmission |
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253 | (1) |
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Receptors Relevant to Afferent Neuron Transmission |
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254 | (4) |
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258 | (1) |
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259 | (12) |
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18 Management of the Patient with Chronic Abdominal Pain and Clinical Pharmacology of Nonopioid Drugs |
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271 | (16) |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (11) |
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282 | (1) |
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282 | (5) |
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19 Pharmacology and Practice of Opioid Drugs for Visceral Pain |
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287 | (14) |
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287 | (1) |
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287 | (4) |
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291 | (1) |
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Long-Term Opioid Treatment and its Liabilities |
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291 | (3) |
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Psychosomatic Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Disease |
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294 | (1) |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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297 | (4) |
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20 Clinical Approach to Visceral Cancer Pain |
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301 | (10) |
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301 | (1) |
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Clinical Implications in Cancer Pain |
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301 | (1) |
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302 | (4) |
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306 | (2) |
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308 | (1) |
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308 | (3) |
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21 Neuromodulation Techniques for Visceral Pain from Benign Disorders |
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311 | (12) |
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311 | (1) |
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312 | (3) |
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Electrical Stimulation Techniques |
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315 | (3) |
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318 | (1) |
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319 | (4) |
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22 Psychological Interventions for Patients with Chronic Abdominal and Pelvic Pain |
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323 | (8) |
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Jennifer A. Haythornthwaite |
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323 | (1) |
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324 | (1) |
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324 | (1) |
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Cognitive Behavior Therapy |
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325 | (1) |
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Multidisciplinary Treatment |
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326 | (1) |
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326 | (1) |
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327 | (4) |
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23 Complementary and Integrative Medicine Approaches to Visceral Pain |
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331 | (10) |
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331 | (1) |
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332 | (1) |
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333 | (2) |
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335 | (1) |
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335 | (1) |
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Alternative Systems of Care |
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336 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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338 | (3) |
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SECTION IV CLINICAL SYNDROMES: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT |
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24 Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Functional Abdominal Pain Syndromes: Pathophysiology |
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341 | (32) |
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Introduction and Nature of the Problem |
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341 | (1) |
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Is Pain Secondary to Motility Abnormalities in IBS? |
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342 | (1) |
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Is Pain Secondary to Disturbances in Sensory Processing (Visceral Hypersensitivity)? |
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343 | (2) |
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Visceral Hypersensitivity: Central or Peripheral? |
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345 | (5) |
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Etiopathogenesis of Visceral Hypersensitivity |
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350 | (3) |
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353 | (1) |
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353 | (4) |
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Functional Abdominal Pain Syndromes: Clinical Features and Management |
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357 | (1) |
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357 | (1) |
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358 | (9) |
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Functional Abdominal Pain Syndrome |
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367 | (1) |
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367 | (1) |
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368 | (5) |
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25 Noncardiac Chest Pain: Pathophysiology |
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373 | (26) |
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373 | (5) |
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378 | (1) |
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378 | (3) |
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Noncardiac Chest Pain: Clinical Features and Management |
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381 | (1) |
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Ronnie Fass and Ram Dickman Introduction |
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381 | (1) |
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History and Clinical Presentation |
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381 | (1) |
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382 | (1) |
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383 | (6) |
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389 | (5) |
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394 | (1) |
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395 | (4) |
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26 Pathophysiology of Functional Dyspepsia |
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399 | (16) |
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399 | (1) |
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Dyspepsia Symptom Pattern |
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399 | (1) |
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Subgroups of Functional Dyspepsia Patients |
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399 | (1) |
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Putative Pathophysiological Mechanisms |
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400 | (1) |
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Pathogenesis of Functional Dyspepsia |
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401 | (1) |
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402 | (2) |
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Dyspepsia: Clinical Features and Management |
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404 | (1) |
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404 | (1) |
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405 | (1) |
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405 | (1) |
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406 | (1) |
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406 | (1) |
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406 | (5) |
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411 | (4) |
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27 Pathophysiology and Management of Pain in Chronic Pancreatitis |
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415 | (12) |
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Background and Nature of The Problem |
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415 | (1) |
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Pathogenesis of Pain in Chronic Pancreatitis |
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415 | (8) |
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423 | (4) |
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427 | (10) |
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427 | (1) |
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428 | (1) |
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428 | (1) |
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428 | (2) |
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430 | (1) |
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430 | (1) |
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431 | (1) |
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432 | (1) |
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433 | (1) |
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434 | (3) |
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29 Unexplained Visceral Pain in Children: Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, and Management |
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437 | (16) |
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437 | (1) |
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RAP - Functional Abdominal Pain and Irritable Bowel Syndrome |
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438 | (9) |
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447 | (1) |
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448 | (1) |
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448 | (5) |
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30 Functional Biliary Type Pain Syndromes |
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453 | (10) |
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453 | (1) |
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453 | (1) |
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453 | (1) |
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Gallbladder and Biliary Anatomy and Physiology |
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454 | (1) |
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Functional (Acalculous) Biliary Type Pain |
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454 | (4) |
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Postcholecystectomy Functional Biliary Type Pain |
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458 | (2) |
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460 | (1) |
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460 | (3) |
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SECTION V PELVIC PAIN SYNDROMES |
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31 Pelvic Pain Syndromes: Pathophysiology |
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463 | (16) |
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463 | (1) |
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463 | (9) |
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472 | (7) |
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32 Pelvic Pain Syndromes: Clinical Features and Management |
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479 | (16) |
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479 | (1) |
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Definitions and Epidemiology |
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479 | (7) |
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486 | (3) |
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489 | (1) |
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490 | (1) |
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490 | (5) |
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33 Interstitial Cystitis and Related Painful Bladder Syndromes: Pathophysiology |
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495 | (27) |
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495 | (1) |
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495 | (17) |
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512 | (1) |
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512 | (10) |
| Index |
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522 | |