Preface |
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xv | |
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1 Era of Computational Cognitive Techniques in Healthcare Systems |
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1 | (40) |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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1.3 Gap Between Classical Theory of Cognition |
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4 | (2) |
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1.4 Cognitive Computing's Evolution |
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6 | (1) |
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1.5 The Coming Era of Cognitive Computing |
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7 | (2) |
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1.6 Cognitive Computing Architecture |
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9 | (4) |
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1.6.1 The Internet-of-Things and Cognitive Computing |
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10 | (1) |
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1.6.2 Big Data and Cognitive Computing |
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11 | (2) |
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1.6.3 Cognitive Computing and Cloud Computing |
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13 | (1) |
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1.7 Enabling Technologies in Cognitive Computing |
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13 | (4) |
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1.7.1 Reinforcement Learning and Cognitive Computing |
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13 | (2) |
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1.7.2 Cognitive Computing with Deep Learning |
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15 | (1) |
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1.7.2.1 Relational Technique and Perceptual Technique |
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15 | (1) |
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1.7.2.2 Cognitive Computing and Image Understanding |
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16 | (1) |
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1.8 Intelligent Systems in Healthcare |
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17 | (15) |
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1.8.1 Intelligent Cognitive System in Healthcare (Why and How) |
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20 | (12) |
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1.9 The Cognitive Challenge |
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32 | (2) |
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1.9.1 Case Study: Patient Evacuation |
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32 | (1) |
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1.9.2 Case Study: Anesthesiology |
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32 | (2) |
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34 | (7) |
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35 | (6) |
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2 Proposal of a Metaheuristic Algorithm of Cognitive Computing for Classification of Erythrocytes and Leukocytes in Healthcare Informatics |
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41 | (26) |
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Ana Carolina Borges Monteiro |
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42 | (2) |
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44 | (11) |
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2.2.1 Cognitive Computing Concept |
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44 | (3) |
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2.2.2 Neural Networks Concepts |
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47 | (2) |
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2.2.3 Convolutional Neural Network |
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49 | (3) |
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52 | (3) |
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2.3 Materials and Methods (Metaheuristic Algorithm Proposal) |
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55 | (2) |
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2.4 Case Study and Discussion |
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57 | (3) |
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2.5 Conclusions with Future Research Scopes |
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60 | (7) |
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61 | (6) |
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3 Convergence of Big Data and Cognitive Computing in Healthcare |
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67 | (30) |
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68 | (2) |
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70 | (6) |
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3.2.1 Role of Cognitive Computing in Healthcare Applications |
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70 | (3) |
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3.2.2 Research Problem Study by IBM |
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73 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Purpose of Big Data in Healthcare |
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74 | (1) |
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3.2.4 Convergence of Big Data with Cognitive Computing |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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3.2.4.2 Big Data and Cognitive Computing-Based Smart Healthcare |
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75 | (1) |
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3.3 Using Cognitive Computing and Big Data, a Smart Healthcare Framework for EEG Pathology Detection and Classification |
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76 | (7) |
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3.3.1 EEG Pathology Diagnoses |
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76 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Cognitive-Big Data-Based Smart Healthcare |
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77 | (2) |
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3.3.3 System Architecture |
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79 | (1) |
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3.3.4 Detection and Classification of Pathology |
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80 | (1) |
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3.3.4.1 EEG Preprocessing and Illustration |
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80 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (2) |
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3.4 An Approach to Predict Heart Disease Using Integrated Big Data and Cognitive Computing in Cloud |
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83 | (9) |
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3.4.1 Cloud Computing with Big Data in Healthcare |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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3.4.3 Healthcare Big Data Techniques |
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88 | (1) |
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3.4.3.1 Rule Set Classifiers |
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88 | (1) |
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3.4.3.2 Neuro Fuzzy Classifiers |
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89 | (2) |
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3.4.3.3 Experimental Results |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (5) |
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93 | (4) |
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4 IoT for Health, Safety, Well-Being, Inclusion, and Active Aging |
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97 | (24) |
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98 | (1) |
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4.2 The Role of Technology in an Aging Society |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (4) |
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105 | (1) |
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4.6 Stress-Log: An IoT-Based Smart Monitoring System |
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106 | (2) |
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108 | (1) |
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108 | (3) |
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111 | (2) |
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113 | (2) |
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4.10.1 Fall Detection System Architecture |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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4.10.3 Wireless Communication Network |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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4.10.6 Transformation of Data |
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115 | (1) |
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4.10.7 Analyzer for Big Data |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (6) |
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116 | (5) |
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5 Influence of Cognitive Computing in Healthcare Applications |
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121 | (24) |
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122 | (2) |
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5.2 Bond Between Big Data and Cognitive Computing |
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124 | (2) |
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5.3 Need for Cognitive Computing in Healthcare |
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126 | (2) |
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5.4 Conceptual Model Linking Big Data and Cognitive Computing |
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128 | (5) |
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5.4.1 Significance of Big Data |
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128 | (1) |
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5.4.2 The Need for Cognitive Computing |
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129 | (1) |
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5.4.3 The Association Between the Big Data and Cognitive Computing |
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130 | (2) |
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5.4.4 The Advent of Cognition in Healthcare |
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132 | (1) |
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5.5 IBM's Watson and Cognitive Computing |
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133 | (4) |
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5.5.1 Industrial Revolution with Watson |
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134 | (1) |
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5.5.2 The IBM's Cognitive Computing Endeavour in Healthcare |
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135 | (2) |
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137 | (4) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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5.6.4 Security and Threat Detection |
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139 | (1) |
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5.6.5 Cognitive Training Tools |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (4) |
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141 | (4) |
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6 An Overview of the Computational Cognitive from a Modern Perspective, Its Techniques and Application Potential in Healthcare Systems |
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145 | (24) |
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Ana Carolina Borges Monteiro |
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146 | (2) |
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148 | (14) |
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6.2.1 Cognitive Computing Concept |
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148 | (3) |
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6.2.1.1 Application Potential |
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151 | (2) |
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6.2.2 Cognitive Computing in Healthcare |
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153 | (4) |
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6.2.3 Deep Learning in Healthcare |
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157 | (3) |
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6.2.4 Natural Language Processing in Healthcare |
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160 | (2) |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (5) |
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165 | (4) |
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7 Protecting Patient Data with 2F- Authentication |
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169 | (28) |
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170 | (5) |
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175 | (2) |
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7.3 Two-Factor Authentication |
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177 | (4) |
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7.3.1 Novel Features of Two-Factor Authentication |
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178 | (1) |
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7.3.2 Two-Factor Authentication Sorgen |
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178 | (1) |
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7.3.3 Two-Factor Security Libraries |
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179 | (1) |
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7.3.4 Challenges for Fitness Concern |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (5) |
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7.5 Medical Treatment and the Preservation of Records |
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186 | (3) |
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7.5.1 Remote Method of Control |
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187 | (1) |
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7.5.2 Enabling Healthcare System Technology |
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187 | (2) |
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189 | (8) |
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190 | (7) |
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8 Data Analytics for Healthcare Monitoring and Inferencing |
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197 | (32) |
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8.1 An Overview of Healthcare Systems |
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198 | (1) |
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8.2 Need of Healthcare Systems |
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198 | (1) |
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8.3 Basic Principle of Healthcare Systems |
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199 | (1) |
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8.4 Design and Recommended Structure of Healthcare Systems |
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199 | (3) |
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8.4.1 Healthcare System Designs on the Basis of these Parameters |
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200 | (1) |
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8.4.2 Details of Healthcare Organizational Structure |
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201 | (1) |
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8.5 Various Challenges in Conventional Existing Healthcare System |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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8.7 Information Technology Use in Healthcare Systems |
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203 | (1) |
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8.8 Details of Various Information Technology Application Use in Healthcare Systems |
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203 | (1) |
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8.9 Healthcare Information Technology Makes it Possible to Manage Patient Care and Exchange of Health Information Data, Details are Given Below |
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204 | (1) |
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8.10 Barriers and Challenges to Implementation of Information Technology in Healthcare Systems |
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205 | (1) |
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8.11 Healthcare Data Analytics |
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206 | (1) |
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8.12 Healthcare as a Concept |
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206 | (1) |
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8.13 Healthcare's Key Technologies |
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207 | (1) |
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8.14 The Present State of Smart Healthcare Application |
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207 | (1) |
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8.15 Data Analytics with Machine Learning Use in Healthcare Systems |
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208 | (2) |
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8.16 Benefit of Data Analytics in Healthcare System |
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210 | (1) |
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8.17 Data Analysis and Visualization: COVID-19 Case Study in India |
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210 | (12) |
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8.18 Bioinformatics Data Analytics |
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222 | (2) |
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8.18.1 Notion of Bioinformatics |
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222 | (1) |
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8.18.2 Bioinformatics Data Challenges |
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222 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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8.18.5 COVID-19: A Bioinformatics Approach |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (5) |
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225 | (4) |
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9 Features Optimistic Approach for the Detection of Parkinson's Disease |
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229 | (28) |
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230 | (2) |
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9.1.1 Parkinson's Disease |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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9.3 Methods and Materials |
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233 | (15) |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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9.3.3 Pre-Processing Done by PPMI |
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235 | (1) |
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9.3.4 Image Analysis and Features Extraction |
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235 | (1) |
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235 | (2) |
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9.3.4.2 Intensity Normalization |
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237 | (2) |
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9.3.4.3 Image Segmentation |
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239 | (1) |
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9.3.4.4 Shape Features Extraction |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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9.3.4.6 Feature Set Analysis |
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242 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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9.3.5 Classification Modeling |
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243 | (3) |
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9.3.6 Feature Importance Estimation |
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246 | (1) |
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9.3.6.1 Need for Analysis of Important Features |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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9.4 Results and Discussion |
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248 | (4) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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249 | (3) |
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252 | (5) |
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253 | (4) |
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10 Big Data Analytics in Healthcare |
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257 | (46) |
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258 | (2) |
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10.2 Need for Big Data Analytics |
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260 | (4) |
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10.3 Characteristics of Big Data |
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264 | (3) |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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10.4 Big Data Analysis in Disease Treatment and Management |
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267 | (12) |
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267 | (1) |
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268 | (2) |
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10.4.3 For Chronic Disease |
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270 | (1) |
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10.4.4 For Neurological Disease |
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271 | (1) |
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10.4.5 For Personalized Medicine |
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271 | (8) |
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10.5 Big Data: Databases and Platforms in Healthcare |
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279 | (6) |
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10.6 Importance of Big Data in Healthcare |
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285 | (1) |
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10.6.1 Evidence-Based Care |
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285 | (1) |
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10.6.2 Reduced Cost of Healthcare |
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285 | (1) |
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10.6.3 Increases the Participation of Patients in the Care Process |
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285 | (1) |
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10.6.4 The Implication in Health Surveillance |
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285 | (1) |
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10.6.5 Reduces Mortality Rate |
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285 | (1) |
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10.6.6 Increase of Communication Between Patients and Healthcare Providers |
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286 | (1) |
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10.6.7 Early Detection of Fraud and Security Threats in Health Management |
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286 | (1) |
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10.6.8 Improvement in the Care Quality |
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286 | (1) |
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10.7 Application of Big Data Analytics |
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286 | (7) |
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286 | (1) |
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287 | (1) |
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288 | (1) |
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10.7.4 Bioinformatics Applications |
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289 | (2) |
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10.7.5 Clinical Informatics Application |
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291 | (2) |
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293 | (10) |
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294 | (9) |
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11 Case Studies of Cognitive Computing in Healthcare Systems: Disease Prediction, Genomics Studies, Medical Image Analysis, Patient Care, Medical Diagnostics, Drug Discovery |
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303 | (24) |
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304 | (2) |
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304 | (2) |
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306 | (3) |
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309 | (8) |
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11.3.1 Sclera Segmentation |
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310 | (1) |
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11.3.1.1 Fully Convolutional Network |
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311 | (2) |
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313 | (1) |
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11.3.2.1 Canny Edge Detection |
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314 | (1) |
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11.3.2.2 Mean Redness Level (MRL) |
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315 | (1) |
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11.3.2.3 Red Area Percentage (RAP) |
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316 | (1) |
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11.4 Results and Discussion |
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317 | (7) |
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11.4.1 Feature Extraction from Frontal Eye Images |
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318 | (1) |
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11.4.1.1 Level of Mean Redness (MRL) |
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318 | (1) |
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11.4.1.2 Percentage of Red Area (RAP) |
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318 | (1) |
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11.4.2 Images of the Frontal Eye Pupil/Iris Ratio |
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318 | (1) |
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11.4.2.1 Histogram Equalization |
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319 | (1) |
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11.4.2.2 Morphological Reconstruction |
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319 | (1) |
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11.4.2.3 Canny Edge Detection |
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319 | (1) |
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11.4.2.4 Adaptive Thresholding |
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320 | (1) |
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11.4.2.5 Circular Hough Transform |
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321 | (1) |
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322 | (2) |
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11.5 Conclusion and Future Work |
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324 | (3) |
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325 | (2) |
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12 State of Mental Health and Social Media: Analysis, Challenges, Advancements |
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327 | (22) |
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328 | (1) |
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12.2 Introduction to Big Data and Data Mining |
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328 | (2) |
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12.3 Role of Sentimental Analysis in the Healthcare Sector |
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330 | (2) |
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12.4 Case Study: Analyzing Mental Health |
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332 | (11) |
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332 | (1) |
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12.4.2 Research Objectives |
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333 | (1) |
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12.4.3 Methodology and Framework |
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333 | (1) |
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12.4.3.1 Big 5 Personality Model |
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333 | (1) |
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12.4.3.2 Openness to Explore |
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334 | (1) |
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335 | (5) |
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12.4.3.4 Detailed Design Methodologies |
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340 | (1) |
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12.4.3.5 Work Done Details as Required |
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341 | (2) |
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12.5 Results and Discussion |
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343 | (2) |
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12.6 Conclusion and Future |
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345 | (4) |
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346 | (3) |
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13 Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, and Internet-of-Things in Management of Chronic Disease |
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349 | (18) |
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350 | (1) |
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13.2 Artificial Intelligence and Management of Chronic Diseases |
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351 | (3) |
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13.3 Blockchain and Healthcare |
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354 | (4) |
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13.3.1 Blockchain and Healthcare Management of Chronic Disease |
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355 | (3) |
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13.4 Internet-of-Things and Healthcare Management of Chronic Disease |
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358 | (2) |
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360 | (7) |
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360 | (7) |
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14 Research Challenges and Future Directions in Applying Cognitive Computing in the Healthcare Domain |
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367 | (24) |
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367 | (4) |
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14.2 Cognitive Computing Framework in Healthcare |
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371 | (1) |
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14.3 Benefits of Using Cognitive Computing for Healthcare |
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372 | (2) |
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14.4 Applications of Deploying Cognitive Assisted Technology in Healthcare Management |
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374 | (3) |
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14.4.1 Using Cognitive Services for a Patient's Healthcare Management |
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375 | (1) |
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14.4.2 Using Cognitive Services for Healthcare Providers |
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376 | (1) |
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14.5 Challenges in Using the Cognitive Assistive Technology in Healthcare Management |
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377 | (3) |
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14.6 Future Directions for Extending Heathcare Services Using CATs |
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380 | (4) |
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14.7 Addressing CAT Challenges in Healthcare as a General Framework |
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384 | (1) |
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384 | (7) |
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385 | (6) |
Index |
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391 | |