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E-raamat: Comparative Succession Law: Volume I: Testamentary Formalities, v. I, Testamentary Formalities [Oxford Scholarship Online e-raamatud]

Edited by Marius J de Waal (Professor of Private Law, University of Stellenbosch), Edited by Kenneth G C Reid (Professor of Scots Law, University of Edinburgh), Edited by Reinhard Zimmermann (Director of the Max Planck Institute for Foreign Private and Private International Law, Hamburg)

Formaat: 524 pages
Ilmumisaeg: 06-Oct-2011
Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
ISBN-13: 9780199696802

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Oxford Scholarship Online e-raamatud
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Formaat: 524 pages
Ilmumisaeg: 06-Oct-2011
Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
ISBN-13: 9780199696802

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Raamatu kodulehekülg: http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199696802.001.0001/acprof-9780199696802

Launching a major new research project examining the principles of succession law in comparative perspective, this book discusses the formalities which the law imposes in order for a person to make a testamentary disposal of property. Among the questions considered are the following. How are wills made? What precisely are the rules - as to the signature of the testator, the use of witnesses, the need for a notary public or lawyer, and so on? Is there is a choice of will-type and, if so, which type is used most often and what are the advantages and disadvantages of each? How common is will-making or do most people die intestate? What happens if formalities are not observed? How can requirements of form be explained and justified? How did the law develop historically, what is the state of the law today, and what are the prospects for the future?

The focus is on Europe, and on countries which have been influenced by the European experience. Thus in addition to giving a detailed treatment of the law in Austria, Belgium, England and Wales, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, and Spain, the book explores legal developments in Australia, New Zealand, the United States of America, and in some of the countries of Latin America with a particular emphasis on Brazil. It also includes chapters on two of the mixed jurisdictions - Scotland and South Africa - and on Islamic Law. The book opens with chapters on Roman law and on the early modern law in Europe, thus setting the historical scene as well as anticipating and complementing the accounts of national history which appear in subsequent chapters; and it concludes with an assessment of the overall development of the law in the countries surveyed, and with some wider reflections on the nature and purpose of testamentary formalities.

Preface

List of Contributors

xii

List of Abbreviations

xiii

1 Testamentary Formalities in Roman Law

(26)

Thomas Rufnser

I Introduction

(1)

II Archaic and pre-classical law

(2)

III Classical law

(13)

IV Post-classical law

(7)

V Conclusion

(2)

2 Testamentary Formalities in Early Modern Europe

(24)

Nils Jansen

I Introduction

(6)

II Wills and codicils

(2)

III The forms of will

(11)

IV Internal formalities

(3)

V Conclusion

(2)

3 Testamentary Formalities in France and Belgium

(20)

Walter Pintens

I Introduction

(1)

II Historical development

(2)

III The modern law

(2)

IV Holograph wills

(5)

V Public wills

(2)

VI Secret wills

(1)

VII International wills

(3)

VIII Registration

(1)

IX Procedure after death

(1)

X Conclusion

(1)

4 Testamentary Formalities in Spain

(25)

Sergio Camara Lapuente

I Introduction

(1)

II Historical background

(4)

III The modern law

(2)

IV Open wills

(3)

V Closed wills

(1)

VI Holograph wills

(2)

VII Special wills

(1)

VIII Shared features

(4)

IX Internal formalities

(1)

X A shift from formalism

(1)

XI Concluding remarks

(1)

XII Appendix: the laws of the Autonomous Communities

(3)

5 Testamentary Formalities in Latin America with particular reference to Brazil

(24)

Jan Peter Schmidt

I The Latin American background

(1)

II Wills and will-making

(3)

III Public wills

101

(3)

IV Sealed wills

104

(1)

V Private wills

105

(3)

VI The fate of the holograph will

108

(2)

VII Extraordinary wills

110

(4)

VIII Further aspects

114

(3)

IX Court practice and the flight from formalism

117

(2)

X Concluding remarks

119

(1)

6 Testamentary Formalities in Italy

120

(22)

Alexandra Braun

I Historical introduction

121

(1)

II Wills and will-substitutes

122

(4)

III Holograph wills

126

(4)

IV Notarial wills

130

(4)

V Special wills

134

(2)

VI International wills

136

(1)

VII Evaluation

137

(1)

VIII Defects of form

138

(2)

IX Conclusion

140

(2)

7 Testamentary Formalities in the Netherlands

142

(33)

Wilbert D Kolkman

I Historical overview

143

(4)

II Types of will

147

(14)

III Evidence

161

(3)

IV Special features of testamentary formalities

164

(6)

V Adherence to formalities

170

(3)

VI Concluding remarks

173

(2)

8 Testamentary Formalities in Germany

175

(46)

Reinhard Zimmermann

I Introduction

176

(1)

II Private wills in nineteenth-century Germany

177

(3)

III Holograph wills: principle and exceptions

180

(2)

IV The battle over holograph wills: travaux preparatoires of the BGB

182

(5)

V The holograph will and the courts (1900--35)

187

(6)

VI Another battle over holograph wills

193

(4)

VII Holograph wills today

197

(8)

VIII Public wills

205

(7)

IX Extraordinary wills

212

(6)

X The German experience: a general assessment

218

(3)

9 Testamentary Formalities in Austria

221

(33)

Christiane C Wendehorst

I Relevant instruments and their practical significance

223

(5)

II Historical development

228

(9)

III Modern doctrine and court practice

237

(14)

IV Current debates and plans for reform

251

(2)

V Summary

253

(1)

10 Testamentary Formalities in Hungary

254

(16)

Lajos Vekas

I Introduction

255

(2)

II Common requirements for wills

257

(1)

III Private wills

258

(7)

IV Public wills

265

(1)

V Oral wills for emergency situations

265

(2)

VI Legal consequences of formal mistakes

267

(1)

VII Summary: relaxation of testamentary formalities

268

(2)

11 Testamentary Formalities in Poland

270

(12)

Fryderyk Zoll

I Historical development

270

(2)

II The modern law

272

(2)

III Holograph wills

274

(3)

IV Notarial wills

277

(1)

V Allograph wills

278

(1)

VI Emergency wills

279

(2)

VII Recodification

281

(1)

12 Testamentary Formalities in Islamic Law and their Reception in the Modern Laws of Islamic Countries

282

(23)

Nadjma Yassari

I Introduction

282

(2)

II Classical Islamic law

284

(11)

III Modern laws

295

(8)

IV Conclusion

303

(2)

13 Testamentary Formalities in England and Wales

305

(24)

Roger Kerridge

I Introduction

306

(1)

II Formal wills: a history

307

(5)

III The Wills Act 1837

312

(4)

IV Incorporation by reference

316

(1)

V Wills statistics

316

(1)

VI Administration of estates

317

(1)

VII Preparation and registration of wills

318

(3)

VIII Forgery

321

(1)

IX Nuncupative wills

322

(3)

X Holograph wills

325

(1)

XI Alterations

325

(1)

XII Reform

326

(3)

14 Testamentary Formalities in Australia and New Zealand

329

(28)

Nicola Peart

I Introduction

330

(3)

II Historical overview

333

(3)

III Wills of indigenous peoples

336

(1)

IV Special wills

337

(2)

V The current law

339

(10)

VI Power to dispense with testamentary formalities

349

(6)

VII Conclusion

355

(2)

15 Testamentary Formalities in the United States of America

357

(24)

Ronald J Scalise Jr

I Introduction

358

(2)

II Testamentary formalities

360

(16)

III Incorporation by reference and alterations

376

(3)

IV Conclusion

379

(2)

16 Testamentary Formalities in South Africa

381

(23)

Marius J de Waal

I Introduction

382

(2)

II Historical background

384

(1)

III The scope of the Wills Act

385

(2)

IV The essential formalities

387

(8)

V Procedure after death

395

(1)

VI Condonation

395

(6)

VII Amendment

401

(1)

VIII Concluding remarks

402

(2)

17 Testamentary Formalities in Scotland

404

(28)

Kenneth G C Reid

I Conveyances and testaments

405

(7)

II Seals, signatures, and witnesses

412

(7)

III The modern law

419

(10)

IV Form and formalism

429

(3)

18 Testamentary Formalities in Historical and Comparative Perspective

432

(41)

Kenneth G C Reid

Marius J de Waal

Reinhard Zimmermann

I Wills and will-making

433

(4)

II Holograph wills

437

(7)

III Witnessed wills

444

(4)

IV Public wills

448

(3)

V Special wills

451

(4)

VI Shared features

455

(7)

VII The flight from formalities

462

(6)

VIII Some conclusions

468

(5)

Index

473

A qualified solicitor, Kenneth Reid has taught at the University of Edinburgh since 1980. He was appointed to the Chair of Property Law in 1994 and to the Chair of Scots Law in 2008. From 1995 to 2005 he served as a Scottish Law Commissioner, where he was responsible for a major programme of reform of land law, which was implemented by legislation.

Marius de Waal is Professor of Private Law at the University of Stellenbosch. His main fields of interest are the law of succession and the law of trusts, on which he has written a number of textbooks, including co-authoring the the fifth edition of Honoré's South African Law of Trusts (Juta 2002, with Edwin Cameron, Basil Wunsh and Peter Solomon).

Reinhard Zimmermann is a Director of the Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law in Hamburg and is Chairman of the Social Sciences, Arts, and Humanities Division of the Max Planck Society. He is the author of numerous books on comparative law and legal history, including The Law of Obligations (OUP, 1996) and The New German Law of Obligations (OUP, 2005).

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