| Foreword |
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xiii | |
| Preface |
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xv | |
| 1 Introduction |
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1 | (12) |
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1.1 Introduction to Electromagnetic Inverse Scattering Problems |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 Forward Scattering Problems |
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2 | (1) |
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1.3 Properties of Inverse Scattering Problems |
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3 | (3) |
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6 | (3) |
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9 | (4) |
| 2 Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Wave Theory |
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13 | (28) |
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13 | (3) |
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2.1.1 Representations in Differential Form |
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13 | (1) |
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2.1.2 Time-Harmonic Forms |
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14 | (1) |
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2.1.3 Boundary Conditions |
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15 | (1) |
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2.1.4 Constitutive Relations |
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16 | (1) |
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2.2 General Description of a Scattering Problem |
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16 | (2) |
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18 | (1) |
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2.4 Radiation in Free Space |
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18 | (2) |
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2.5 Volume Integral Equations for Dielectric Scatterers |
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20 | (1) |
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2.6 Surface Integral Equations for Perfectly Conducting Scatterers |
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21 | (1) |
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2.7 Two-Dimensional Scattering Problems |
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22 | (2) |
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2.8 Scattering by Small Scatterers |
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24 | (5) |
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2.8.1 Three-Dimensional Case |
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24 | (3) |
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2.8.2 Two-Dimensional Case |
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27 | (1) |
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2.8.3 Scattering by a Collection of Small Scatterers |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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2.9 Scattering by Extended Scatterers |
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29 | (3) |
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2.9.1 Nonmagnetic Dielectric Scatterers |
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29 | (2) |
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2.9.2 Perfectly Electrically Conducting Scatterers |
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31 | (1) |
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2.10 Far-Field Approximation |
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32 | (2) |
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34 | (1) |
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2.12 Huygens' Principle and Extinction Theorem |
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35 | (4) |
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39 | (2) |
| 3 Time-Reversal Imaging |
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41 | (26) |
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3.1 Time-Reversal Imaging for Active Sources |
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41 | (12) |
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3.1.1 Explanation Based on Geometrical Optics |
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41 | (2) |
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3.1.2 Implementation Steps |
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43 | (2) |
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45 | (3) |
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3.1.4 Analysis of Resolution |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (4) |
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3.2 Time-Reversal Imaging for Passive Sources |
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53 | (9) |
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3.2.1 Imaging by an Iterative Time-Reversal Process |
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54 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Imaging by the DORT Method |
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55 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Numerical Simulations |
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56 | (6) |
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62 | (2) |
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64 | (3) |
| 4 Inverse Scattering Problems of Small Scatterers |
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67 | (36) |
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4.1 Forward Problem: Foldy-Lax Equation |
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68 | (1) |
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4.2 Uniqueness Theorem for the Inverse Problem |
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69 | (4) |
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4.2.1 Inverse Source Problem |
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70 | (1) |
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4.2.2 Inverse Scattering Problem |
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71 | (2) |
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72 | (1) |
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Retrieving Scattering Strength |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (6) |
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4.3.1 Multiple Signal Classification Imaging |
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73 | (4) |
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4.3.2 Noniterative Retrieval of Scattering Strength |
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77 | (2) |
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4.4 Inversion of a Vector Wave Equation |
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79 | (18) |
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79 | (3) |
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4.4.2 Multiple Signal Classification Imaging |
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82 | (6) |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (5) |
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4.4.3 Noniterative Retrieval of Scattering Strength Tensors |
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88 | (2) |
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4.4.4 Subspace Imaging Algorithm with Enhanced Resolution |
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90 | (7) |
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97 | (2) |
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99 | (4) |
| 5 Linear Sampling Method |
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103 | (20) |
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5.1 Outline of the Linear Sampling Method |
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104 | (2) |
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5.2 Physical Interpretation |
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106 | (3) |
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5.2.1 Source Distribution |
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106 | (2) |
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5.2.2 Multipole Radiation |
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108 | (1) |
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5.3 Multipole-Based Linear Sampling Method |
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109 | (7) |
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5.3.1 Description of the Algorithm |
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109 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Choice of the Number of Multipoles |
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110 | (3) |
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5.3.3 Comparison with Tikhonov Regularization |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (2) |
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116 | (2) |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (4) |
| 6 Reconstructing Dielectric Scatterers |
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123 | (60) |
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124 | (5) |
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6.1.1 Uniqueness, Stability, and Nonlinearity |
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124 | (2) |
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6.1.2 Formulation of the Forward Problem |
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126 | (1) |
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6.1.3 Optimization Approach to the Inverse Problem |
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127 | (2) |
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6.2 Noniterative Inversion Methods |
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129 | (10) |
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6.2.1 Born Approximation Inversion Method |
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130 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Rytov Approximation Inversion Method |
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130 | (1) |
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6.2.3 Extended Born Approximation Inversion Method |
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131 | (2) |
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6.2.4 Back-Propagation Scheme |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (5) |
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6.3 Full-Wave Iterative Inversion Methods |
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139 | (10) |
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6.3.1 Distorted Born Iterative Method |
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139 | (3) |
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6.3.2 Contrast Source Inversion Method |
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142 | (2) |
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6.3.3 Contrast Source Extended Born Method |
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144 | (2) |
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6.3.4 Other Iterative Models |
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146 | (3) |
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6.4 Subspace-Based Optimization Method (SOM) |
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149 | (22) |
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149 | (12) |
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161 | (3) |
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6.4.3 New Fast Fourier Transform SOM |
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164 | (5) |
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6.4.4 SOM for the Vector Wave |
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169 | (2) |
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171 | (3) |
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174 | (9) |
| 7 Reconstructing Perfect Electric Conductors |
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183 | (24) |
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183 | (2) |
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7.1.1 Formulation of the Forward Problem |
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183 | (1) |
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7.1.2 Uniqueness and Stability |
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184 | (1) |
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7.2 Inversion Models Requiring Prior Information |
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185 | (1) |
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7.3 Inversion Models Without Prior Information |
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186 | (10) |
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7.3.1 Transverse-Magnetic Case |
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187 | (5) |
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7.3.2 Transverse-Electric Case |
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192 | (4) |
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7.4 Mixture of PEC and Dielectric Scatterers |
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196 | (6) |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (4) |
| 8 inversion for Phaseless Data |
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207 | (20) |
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207 | (2) |
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8.2 Reconstructing Point-Like Scatterers by Subspace Methods |
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209 | (5) |
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8.2.1 Converting a Nonlinear Problem to a Linear One |
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210 | (2) |
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8.2.2 Rank of the Multistatic Response Matrix |
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212 | (1) |
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8.2.3 MUSIC Localization and Noniterative Retrieval |
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213 | (1) |
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8.3 Reconstructing Point-Like Scatterers by Compressive Sensing |
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214 | (6) |
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8.3.1 Introduction to Compressive Sensing |
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214 | (1) |
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8.3.2 Solving Phase-Available Inverse Problems by CS |
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215 | (1) |
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8.3.3 Solving Phaseless Inverse Problems by CS |
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216 | (2) |
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8.3.4 Applicability of CS |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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8.4 Reconstructing Extended Dielectric Scatterers |
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220 | (3) |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (3) |
| 9 Inversion with an Inhomogeneous Background Medium |
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227 | (30) |
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227 | (2) |
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9.2 Integral Equation Approach via Numerical Green's Function |
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229 | (6) |
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9.3 Differential Equation Approach |
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235 | (5) |
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9.4 Homogeneous Background Approach |
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240 | (3) |
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9.5 Examples of Three-Dimensional Problems |
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243 | (9) |
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9.5.1 Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope |
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246 | (3) |
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9.5.2 Near-Field Scanning Microwave Impedance Microscopy |
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249 | (3) |
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252 | (2) |
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254 | (3) |
| 10 Resolution of Computational Imaging |
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257 | (24) |
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10.1 Diffraction-Limited Imaging System |
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257 | (4) |
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10.2 Computational Imaging |
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261 | (3) |
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10.2.1 Inverse Source Problem |
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261 | (1) |
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10.2.2 Inverse Scattering Problem |
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262 | (2) |
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264 | (4) |
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10.4 Resolution under the Born Approximation |
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268 | (4) |
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272 | (5) |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (3) |
| Appendices |
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A Ill-Posed Problems and Regularization |
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281 | (10) |
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281 | (1) |
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A.2 Regularization Theory |
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282 | (1) |
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A.3 Regularization Schemes |
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283 | (3) |
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284 | (1) |
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A.3.2 Tikhonov Regularization |
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285 | (1) |
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A.3.3 Iterative Regularization |
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285 | (1) |
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A.4 Regularization Parameter Selection Methods |
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286 | (2) |
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A.4.1 Discrepancy Principle |
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287 | (1) |
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A.4.2 Generalized Cross Validation |
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287 | (1) |
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287 | (1) |
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288 | (1) |
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288 | (3) |
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291 | (4) |
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B.1 Geometric Interpretation of Least Squares |
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291 | (1) |
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291 | (1) |
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292 | (1) |
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B.2 Gradient of Squared Residuals |
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292 | (3) |
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C Conjugate Gradient Method |
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295 | (4) |
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C.1 Solving General Minimization Problems |
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295 | (1) |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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C.2 Solving Linear Equation Systems |
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296 | (3) |
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D Matrix-Vector Product by the FFT Procedure |
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299 | (2) |
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299 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
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301 | (2) |
| Index |
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303 | |