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E-raamat: Concepts in Thermal Physics 2nd Revised edition [Oxford Scholarship Online e-raamatud]

(, University of Oxford, UK), (, University of Oxford, UK)
  • Formaat: 512 pages, 250 b/w line illustrations, 35 b/w halftones
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Oct-2009
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-13: 9780199562091
  • Oxford Scholarship Online e-raamatud
  • Raamatu hind pole hetkel teada
  • Formaat: 512 pages, 250 b/w line illustrations, 35 b/w halftones
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Oct-2009
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-13: 9780199562091
An understanding of thermal physics is crucial to much of modern physics, chemistry and engineering. This book provides a modern introduction to the main principles that are foundational to thermal physics, thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. The key concepts are carefully presented in a clear way, and new ideas are illustrated with copious worked examples as well as a description of the historical background to their discovery. Applications are presented to subjects as diverse as stellar astrophysics, information and communication theory, condensed matter physics and climate change. Each chapter concludes with detailed exercises.

The second edition of this popular textbook maintains the structure and lively style of the first edition but extends its coverage of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics to include several new topics, including osmosis, diffusion problems, Bayes theorem, radiative transfer, the Ising model and Monte Carlo methods. New examples and exercises have been added throughout.
Preface vii
Preface to the second edition x
I Preliminaries
1(46)
Introduction
2(11)
What is a mole?
3(1)
The thermodynamic limit
4(2)
The ideal gas
6(1)
Combinatorial problems
7(2)
Plan of the book
9(4)
Exercises
12(1)
Heat
13(5)
A definition of heat
13(1)
Heat capacity
14(4)
Exercises
17(1)
Probability
18(14)
Discrete probability distributions
19(1)
Continuous probability distributions
20(1)
Linear transformation
21(1)
Variance
22(1)
Linear transformation and the variance
23(1)
Independent variables
24(2)
Binomial distribution
26(6)
Further reading
29(1)
Exercises
29(3)
Temperature and the Boltzmann factor
32(15)
Thermal equilibrium
32(1)
Thermometers
33(2)
The microstates and macrostates
35(1)
A statistical definition of temperature
36(2)
Ensembles
38(1)
Canonical ensemble
38(4)
Applications of the Boltzmann distribution
42(5)
Further reading
46(1)
Exercises
46(1)
II Kinetic theory of gases
47(28)
The Maxwell---Boltzmann distribution
48(8)
The velocity distribution
48(1)
The speed distribution
49(2)
Experimental justification
51(5)
Exercises
54(2)
Pressure
56(8)
Molecular distributions
57(1)
The ideal gas law
58(2)
Dalton's law
60(4)
Exercises
61(3)
Molecular effusion
64(6)
Flux
64(2)
Effusion
66(4)
Exercises
69(1)
The mean free path and collisions
70(5)
The mean collision time
70(1)
The collision cross-section
71(2)
The mean free path
73(2)
Exercises
74(1)
III Transport and thermal diffusion
75(32)
Transport properties in gases
76(14)
Viscosity
76(5)
Thermal conductivity
81(2)
Diffusion
83(3)
More detailed theory
86(4)
Further reading
88(1)
Exercises
89(1)
The thermal diffusion equation
90(17)
Derivation of the thermal diffusion equation
90(1)
The one-dimensional thermal diffusion equation
91(3)
The steady state
94(1)
The thermal diffusion equation for a sphere
94(5)
Newton's law of cooling
99(1)
The Prandtl number
100(1)
Sources of heat
101(1)
Particle diffusion
102(5)
Exercises
103(4)
IV The first law
107(18)
Energy
108(10)
Some definitions
108(2)
The first law of thermodynamics
110(2)
Heat capacity
112(6)
Exercises
115(3)
Isothermal and adiabatic processes
118(7)
Reversibility
118(2)
Isothermal expansion of an ideal gas
120(1)
Adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas
121(1)
Adiabatic atmosphere
121(4)
Exercises
123(2)
V The second law
125(46)
Heat engines and the second law
126(14)
The second law of thermodynamics
126(1)
The Carnot engine
127(3)
Carnot's theorem
130(1)
Equivalence of Clausius' and Kelvin's statements
131(1)
Examples of heat engines
131(2)
Heat engines running backwards
133(1)
Clausius' theorem
134(6)
Further reading
137(1)
Exercises
137(3)
Entropy
140(17)
Definition of entropy
140(1)
Irreversible change
140(2)
The first law revisited
142(2)
The Joule expansion
144(2)
The statistical basis for entropy
146(1)
The entropy of mixing
147(2)
Maxwell's demon
149(1)
Entropy and probability
150(7)
Exercises
153(4)
Information theory
157(14)
Information and Shannon entropy
157(2)
Information and thermodynamics
159(1)
Data compression
160(2)
Quantum information
162(3)
Conditional and joint probabilities
165(1)
Bayes' theorem
165(6)
Further reading
168(1)
Exercises
169(2)
VI Thermodynamics in action
171(38)
Thermodynamic potentials
172(19)
Internal energy, U
172(1)
Enthalpy, H
173(1)
Helmholtz function, F
174(1)
Gibbs function, G
175(1)
Constraints
176(3)
Maxwell's relations
179(12)
Exercises
187(4)
Rods, bubbles, and magnets
191(12)
Elastic rod
191(3)
Surface tension
194(1)
Electric and magnetic dipoles
195(1)
Paramagnetism
196(7)
Exercises
201(2)
The third law
203(6)
Different statements of the third law
203(2)
Consequences of the third law
205(4)
Exercises
208(1)
VII Statistical mechanics
209(80)
Equipartition of energy
210(9)
Equipartition theorem
210(3)
Applications
213(2)
Assumptions made
215(2)
Brownian motion
217(2)
Exercises
218(1)
The partition function
219(14)
Writing down the partition function
220(1)
Obtaining the functions of state
221(7)
The big idea
228(1)
Combining partition functions
228(5)
Exercises
232(1)
Statistical mechanics of an ideal gas
233(11)
Density of states
233(2)
Quantum concentration
235(1)
Distinguishability
236(1)
Functions of state of the ideal gas
237(3)
Gibbs paradox
240(1)
Heat capacity of a diatomic gas
241(3)
Exercises
243(1)
The chemical potential
244(19)
A definition of the chemical potential
244(1)
The meaning of the chemical potential
245(2)
Grand partition function
247(1)
Grand potential
248(2)
Chemical potential as Gibbs function per particle
250(1)
Many types of particle
250(1)
Particle number conservation laws
251(1)
Chemical potential and chemical reactions
252(5)
Osmosis
257(6)
Further reading
261(1)
Exercises
262(1)
Photons
263(16)
The classical thermodynamics of electromagnetic radiation
264(1)
Spectral energy density
265(1)
Kirchhoff's law
266(2)
Radiation pressure
268(1)
The statistical mechanics of the photon gas
269(1)
Black-body distribution
270(3)
Cosmic microwave background radiation
273(1)
The Einstein A and B coefficients
274(5)
Further reading
277(1)
Exercises
278(1)
Phonons
279(10)
The Einstein model
279(2)
The Debye model
281(3)
Phonon dispersion
284(5)
Further reading
287(1)
Exercises
287(2)
VIII Beyond the ideal gas
289(86)
Relativistic gases
290(6)
Relativistic dispersion relation for massive particles
290(1)
The ultrarelativistic gas
290(3)
Adiabatic expansion of an ultrarelativistic gas
293(3)
Exercises
295(1)
Real gases
296(17)
The van der Waals gas
296(8)
The Dieterici equation
304(2)
Virial expansion
306(4)
The law of corresponding states
310(3)
Exercises
312(1)
Cooling real gases
313(8)
The Joule expansion
313(2)
Isothermal expansion
315(1)
Joule-Kelvin expansion
316(2)
Liquefaction of gases
318(3)
Exercises
320(1)
Phase transitions
321(24)
Latent heat
321(3)
Chemical potential and phase changes
324(1)
The Clausius-Clapeyron equation
324(5)
Stability and metastability
329(3)
The Gibbs phase rule
332(2)
Colligative properties
334(1)
Classification of phase transitions
335(3)
The Ising model
338(7)
Further reading
343(1)
Exercises
343(2)
Bose---Einstein and Fermi---Dirac distributions
345(13)
Exchange and symmetry
345(1)
Wave functions of identical particles
346(3)
The statistics of identical particles
349(9)
Further reading
353(1)
Exercises
354(4)
Quantum gases and condensates
358(17)
The non-interacting quantum fluid
358(3)
The Fermi gas
361(5)
The Bose gas
366(1)
Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC)
367(8)
Further reading
373(1)
Exercises
373(2)
IX Special topics
375(110)
Sound waves
376(7)
Sound waves under isothermal conditions
377(1)
Sound waves under adiabatic conditions
377(1)
Are sound waves in general adiabatic or isothermal?
378(1)
Derivation of the speed of sound within fluids
379(4)
Further reading
382(1)
Exercises
382(1)
Shock waves
383(7)
The Mach number
383(1)
Structure of shock waves
383(2)
Shock conservation laws
385(1)
The Rankine-Hugoniot conditions
386(4)
Further reading
389(1)
Exercises
389(1)
Brownian motion and fluctuations
390(18)
Brownian motion
390(3)
Johnson noise
393(1)
Fluctuations
394(1)
Fluctuations and the availability
395(2)
Linear response
397(3)
Correlation functions
400(8)
Further reading
407(1)
Exercises
407(1)
Non-equilibrium thermodynamics
408(12)
Entropy production
408(1)
The kinetic coefficients
409(1)
Proof of the Onsager reciprocal relations
410(3)
Thermoelectricity
413(4)
Time reversal and the arrow of time
417(3)
Further reading
419(1)
Exercises
419(1)
Stars
420(15)
Gravitational interaction
421(5)
Nuclear reactions
426(1)
Heat transfer
427(8)
Further reading
434(1)
Exercises
434(1)
Compact objects
435(11)
Electron degeneracy pressure
435(2)
White dwarfs
437(1)
Neutron stars
438(2)
Black holes
440(1)
Accretion
441(1)
Black holes and entropy
442(1)
Life, the Universe, and entropy
443(3)
Further reading
445(1)
Exercises
445(1)
Earth's atmosphere
446(39)
Solar energy
446(1)
The temperature profile in the atmosphere
447(2)
Radiative transfer
449(3)
The greenhouse effect
452(4)
Global warming
456(5)
Further reading
460(1)
Exercises
460(1)
Fundamental constants
461(1)
Useful formulae
462(2)
Useful mathematics
464(15)
The factorial integral
464(1)
The Gaussian integral
464(3)
Stirling's formula
467(2)
Riemann zeta function
469(1)
The polylogarithm
470(1)
Partial derivatives
471(1)
Exact differentials
472(1)
Volume of a hypersphere
473(1)
Jacobians
473(2)
The Dirac delta function
475(1)
Fourier transforms
475(1)
Solution of the diffusion equation
476(1)
Lagrange multipliers
477(2)
The electromagnetic spectrum
479(1)
Some thermodynamical definitions
480(1)
Thermodynamic expansion formulae
481(1)
Reduced mass
482(1)
Glossary of main symbols
483(2)
Bibliography 485(4)
Index 489
Stephen Blundell did his undergraduate degree in Physics and Theoretical Physics at Peterhouse, Cambridge and his Ph. D. in the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge. He moved to the Clarendon Laboratory at Oxford to take up an SERC research fellowship, followed by a Junior Research Fellowship at Merton College, where he began research in organic magnets and superconductors using muon-spin rotation. In 1997 he was appointed to a University Lectureship in the Physics Department and a Tutorial Fellowship at Mansfield College, Oxford, and was subsequently promoted to Reader and then Professor. He was a joint winner of the Daiwa-Adrian Prize in 1999 for his work on organic magnets.

Katherine Blundell did her undergraduate degree in Physics and Theoretical Physics at New Hall College, Cambridge and her Ph. D. in the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge. She moved to Oxford University Astrophysics department, holding a Junior Research Fellowship at Balliol College, an 1851 Research Fellowship, before taking up a Royal Society University Research Fellowship. Her research concentrates on radio galaxies and quasars. In 2005 she won a Leverhulme prize for her research, and became a Professor of Astrophysics in 2008.
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