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E-raamat: Construction Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution: Theory and Practice around the World [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

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This book provides comprehensive, rigorous and up-to-date coverage of key issues that have emerged in the first quarter of the 21st Century in transnational construction arbitration and alternative dispute resolution (ADR).



This book provides comprehensive, rigorous and up-to-date coverage of key issues that have emerged in the first quarter of the 21st Century in transnational construction arbitration and alternative dispute resolution (ADR).

Covering four general themes, this book discusses:

  • the increasing internationalisation of dispute resolution in construction law;
  • the increasing reliance on technology in the management of construction projects and construction arbitration/ADR
  • the increasing prominence of collaborative contracting in construction and infrastructure projects;
  • the increasing importance of contractual adjudication such as Dispute Boards in construction and infrastructure projects;
  • the increasing prevalence of statutory adjudication mechanisms across the world; and
  • the greater incidence of investment disputes and disputes against States and State entities over construction and infrastructure concessions and agreements

Tapping on their substantial expertise in practice and in research, the contributor team of senior practitioners and academics in the area of construction law and dispute resolution provide readers with information that balances an intellectually rigorous academic contribution against the backdrop of real concerns raised in practice.

Construction Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution

is an invaluable resource for practitioners in the field, academics in arbitration and construction law, and post-graduate students in construction law and dispute resolution.

Notes on the contributors xix
Table of cases xxv
Table of legislation xlv
Table of international treaties and conventions lv
Table of arbitration rules lix
Chapter 1 Introduction
Renato Nazzini
Part I The Internationalisation Of Construction Dispute Resolution
Chapter 2 The Problem Of The Law Governing The Arbitration Clause Between National Rules And Transnational Solutions
Renato Nazzini
Introduction
5(2)
The Need For A Separate Inquiry Into The Law Governing The Arbitration Clause
7(3)
The 'Main Contract' Approach
10(5)
The Seat Approach
15(4)
The Transnational Approach
19(3)
From National Rules To Transnational Convergence
22(5)
The Non-Discrimination Principle
22(2)
The Estoppel Principle
24(1)
The Validation Principle
25(2)
Conclusions
27(2)
Chapter 3 The Singapore Convention On Mediation: Its Impact On International Construction Disputes
Shouyu Chong
Introduction
29(1)
Background
30(2)
The Application Of The Singapore Convention
32(1)
Key Provisions Of The Singapore Convention
33(1)
Forms Of Mediated Settlement Agreements Falling Within The Scope Of The Convention
33(4)
Enforcement Under The Convention
37(2)
Grounds For Refusal To Enforce An iMSA
39(7)
Contract-Related Grounds For Refusal
39(4)
Mediator Conduct-Related Grounds For Refusal
43(1)
Public Policy
44(1)
Subject Matter Of Dispute Not Capable Of Settlement By Mediation
45(1)
How The Singapore Convention May Impact International Construction Disputes
46(3)
Desirability Of Mediation
46(1)
Doubts About Mediation
47(1)
Mediation Of Construction Disputes And The Singapore Convention
48(1)
Conclusion
49(4)
Part II Artificial Intelligence: A Game Changer?
Chapter 4 The Relevance Of Artificial Intelligence For Construction Disputes
Erik Schafer
Introduction
53(1)
Legal AI In Construction Disputes
53(2)
AI And ICT Within The Construction Industry
55(3)
The State Of The Art
55(1)
The Immediate Implications For Today's Arbitration Procedures
56(1)
The Immediate Implications For The Pre-Arbitral Stages Of Disputes
57(1)
Windows Of Opportunity
57(1)
Conclusion
58(1)
Chapter 5 Administering AI In Arbitration
Maud Piers
Christian Aschauer
Introduction
59(1)
Definition Of Artificial Intelligence And Examples Where AI Is Presently Used In A Legal Context
60(3)
Legal And Non-Legal Barriers Related To The Use Of AI
63(6)
AI As Decision-Maker
63(1)
Intuitu Personae Character Of The Arbitrator's Work
63(1)
Hidden Biases Of The AI
64(1)
AI And 'Reasoning'
65(1)
Tura Novit Arbiter
66(1)
Equitable Element Of Arbitral Decision-Making
66(2)
AI Outcome Prediction And Arbitrator Selection
68(1)
Liability For The Use (Or Non-Use) Of AI
69(1)
Conclusion: AI As Acronym For 'Augmented Intelligence'
69(4)
Part III Good Faith And Collaborative Dispute Resolution
Chapter 6 The Relevance Of Good Faith In Transnational Construction Contracts: A Civil Law Perspective
Olivier Caprasse
Maxime Tecqmenne
Introduction
73(1)
Sources Of Good Faith In International Construction Arbitration
74(6)
Law Applicable To The Contractual Obligations Of The Parties
74(2)
Contractual Provisions Agreed Upon By The Parties
76(1)
Existence Of An International General Principle?
76(2)
Lex Mercatoria?
78(2)
Effects Of Good Faith
80(9)
On The Resolution Of Disputes
80(6)
On The Shaping Of Alternative Approaches To Contracting
86(3)
Chapter 7 Searching For Convergence Between The Common Law And Civil Law Traditions On Good Faith Through International Arbitration
David Arias
James Doe
Introduction
89(1)
Common Law: Orthodox English Law Position
90(2)
Civil Law Approach To 'Good Faith'
92(2)
International Arbitration As A Conduit For The Convergence Of Common And Civil Law Principles
94(6)
Is There Any Evidence Of Convergence Of Principles Of Good Faith In International Treaty Arbitration?
95(2)
Is There Any Evidence Of Convergence In International Commercial Arbitration?
97(3)
Any Evidence Of Convergence Between Civil And Common Law?
100(7)
Is There Evidence Of Movement By English Law Towards A Civil Law Approach To Good Faith?
100(4)
Have Other Common Law Systems Moved Towards A General Principle Of Good Faith?
104(1)
Has There Been Any Movement In Civil Law Jurisdictions Towards More Limited Good Faith Obligations Akin To The Common Law Approach?
105(2)
Conclusions
107(2)
Chapter 8 Collaborative Dispute Resolution
Shy Jackson
Introduction
109(1)
Good Faith Under English Law: The Traditional View
110(2)
Managing Disputes In Good Faith
112(3)
Relational Contracts
115(2)
Collaborative Dispute Resolution Methods
117(4)
Formal Dispute Resolution
121(2)
Conclusions
123(6)
Part IV Contractual Adjudication: Dispute Boards In International Construction Disputes
Chapter 9 Dispute Boards: Trends, Observations, Developments And Procedures
Nicholas Gould
Robbie McCrea
Introduction
129(1)
Dispute Boards
130(4)
What Is A Dispute Board?
130(1)
Legal Basis For Dispute Boards
130(1)
Demand For Amicable Dispute Resolution
131(1)
Types Of Dispute Boards
132(1)
DRBs
132(1)
Dabs
132(1)
CDBs
133(1)
DAABs
133(1)
Fundamental Procedures And Development
134(2)
Use Of DBs
136(1)
DAABs Under FIDIC 2017: Procedures And Issues In Practice
137(10)
Making A Claim
138(1)
Obtaining The Engineer's Determination
139(1)
Avoidance Of Disputes
140(1)
Obtaining The DAAB's Decision
140(1)
Setting Up The DAAB
141(1)
Appointing The DAAB When One Party Is Not Cooperating
142(1)
Bypassing The DAAB
143(1)
Obtaining The DAAB's Decision
145(1)
Amicable Settlement
146(1)
Arbitration
147(1)
Other FIDIC Contracts
147(2)
FIDIC's Red Book (2010) And Yellow Book (2019) Subcontracts
147(1)
Other Recent FIDIC Contracts Approach To Dispute Boards
148(1)
Multilateral Development Banks
149(1)
Jurisdiction And Enforcement
150(5)
Determining The Applicable Law
151(2)
Enforcement Of DB Decisions
153(1)
Singapore
154(1)
Romania And Bulgaria
154(1)
South Africa And Namibia
154(1)
United Arab Emirates
155(1)
The Embracing Of DBs
155(3)
CERN's LHC Project And The Use Of Dispute Board
155(2)
Caltrans And The Use Of Dispute Resolution Boards
157(1)
Conclusion
158(3)
Chapter 10 Enforcement Of Dab Decisions Under The FIDIC Forms Of Contract
Taner Dedezade
Introduction
161(1)
FIDIC 2017
161(2)
The Issues
163(3)
What Is The Contractual Obligation Of A Party In Relation To Compliance With A Dab's Decision?
164(1)
Does The 'Failure To Pay' Amount To A 'Dispute' That Can Be Referred To Arbitration?
164(1)
What Effect, If Any, Does A Nod Have On The Contractual Obligation On A Party To Give Prompt Effect To The Dab's Decision?
165(1)
Is It Necessary For The Parties To Refer Both The Primary And Secondary Disputes In A Single Arbitration?
165(1)
What Sort Of Award?
166(1)
Conclusion
166(3)
Chapter 11 Emergency Arbitration And The Interplay With Other Pre-Arbitral Mechanisms
169(26)
Patricia Shaughnessy
Introduction
169(1)
The Development Of Emergency Arbitration
170(5)
An Overview Of Emergency Arbitration Procedures
175(3)
The Legal Nature And Effects Of Emergency Arbitration
178(4)
Emergency Arbitration And Other Pre-Arbitral Relief
182(10)
Dispute Boards
184(3)
Contractually Agreed Negotiations, Mediation, And Cooling-Off Periods
187(5)
Conclusions
192(3)
Part V Statutory Construction Adjudication: A Global Perspective
Chapter 12 Statutory Adjudication In The United Kingdom
195(22)
James Pickavance
Introduction
195(1)
The United Kingdom's Regime
195(1)
This
Chapter
196(1)
Recent Developments In The Law
196(15)
Construction Contracts And Exclusions
196(2)
Adjudication And Insolvency
198(4)
Crystallisation Of A Dispute
202(1)
Smash And Grab Adjudications
203(2)
Reserving The Position
205(1)
Failing To Exhaust Jurisdiction
206(3)
Stay Of Execution
209(1)
Fraud
210(1)
The Introduction Of Low Value Adjudication Schemes
211(2)
A Consultation On The 2009 Act
213(3)
Costs
214(1)
In Writing
214(1)
Payment
214(1)
Access To Adjudication
215(1)
Clarity Of The Adjudication Process
216(1)
Conclusion
216(1)
Chapter 13 Statutory Adjudication In Canada
Duncan W. Glaholt
Overview
217(1)
The Remedial Aim Of Statutory Adjudication
218(1)
The Authorized Nominating Authority
219(1)
Basic Concepts
220(3)
Statutory Minimums
220(1)
Targeted Adjudication
221(1)
Proper Invoice
222(1)
Binding Until And Unless Overturned
222(1)
Enforcement Of Adjudicator's Determination
222(1)
Adjudication Timelines In Ontario
223(2)
ODACC Predetermined Processes
223(2)
Statutory Timelines
225(1)
Choosing An Adjudicator
225(1)
Minimum Qualifications
226(1)
Preparing A Claim For Adjudication
226(3)
The Notice Of Adjudication
226(1)
Detailed Submissions
227(1)
Documents Relied Upon
227(1)
Serving The Claim
228(1)
Responding To A Claim
228(1)
Rebuttals, Replies, Sur-Rebuttals, And Sur-Replies
228(1)
In-Person Hearings Will Be The Exception, Not The Rule
228(1)
The Adjudicator's Determination
229(2)
Form And Timing
229(1)
Interim Binding Nature Of Determination
230(1)
Costs
230(1)
Compliance With Determination
230(1)
Application To Set Aside Adjudicator's Determination
231(2)
Statutory Grounds
231(1)
Natural Justice
231(2)
Other Canadian Jurisdictions
233(4)
Federal
233(1)
British Columbia
234(1)
Manitoba
234(1)
New Brunswick
235(1)
Nova Scotia
235(1)
Saskatchewan
235(2)
Chapter 14 Statutory Adjudication In Singapore
Toh Chen Han
Introduction
237(2)
Confidentiality
239(1)
General Scope And Applicability: 'Construction' And 'Supply' Contracts
240(1)
Contracts Made In Writing
241(1)
Exclusions
242(1)
Anti-Avoidance
242(1)
Invalidation Of 'Pay When Paid' Provisions
243(1)
Claims Covered By SOP Act: 'Progress Payments'
243(1)
Stage 1: Payment Claim
244(3)
Timing
245(1)
Formal And Substantive Requirements
246(1)
Other Rules
247(1)
Stage 2: Response To Payment Claim
247(2)
Implications Of A Failure To Properly Respond
248(1)
Stage 3: Other Pre-Adjudication Requirements
249(1)
Expiry Of 'Dispute Settlement Period'
250(1)
Notice Of Intention To Apply For Adjudication
250(1)
Stage 4: Adjudication Application
250(2)
Application Deadline
250(1)
Application Requirements
251(1)
Stage 5: Appointment Of Adjudicator And Adjudication Response
252(1)
Appointment Of Adjudicator By Authorised Nominating Body
252(1)
Adjudication Response By Respondent
252(1)
Stage 6: The Adjudication Proper
253(2)
Timelines For Determination
253(1)
Adjudicator's Powers And Duties
254(1)
The Determination
254(1)
Adjudication Review
255(1)
Determinations Binding But Not Final
256(1)
Setting Aside By The Courts
256(2)
Enforcement Of Determinations
258(3)
Enforcement As Judgment Debt
258(1)
Suspension
258(1)
Direct Payment From Principal
259(1)
Lien On Unpaid And Unfixed Goods
259(2)
Chapter 15 Statutory Adjudication In Australia
Sean Kelly
Julian Bailey
Matthew Bell
Introduction
261(1)
An Overview Of Adjudication In Australia
262(3)
Eight 'Laboratories' With Divergent Approaches
262(1)
Cash Flow And Protection Of Vulnerable Parties
263(2)
Payment Claim Disputes
265(6)
Scope Of Disputes Depends On What Can Be Claimed
265(1)
Statutory Payment Process: NSW Act
265(2)
Victoria's 'Excluded Amounts' Regime
267(2)
'West Coast' Approach
269(1)
Lessons For Other Jurisdictions?
270(1)
Time For Commencing An Adjudication
271(2)
Adjudicator Nomination
273(5)
Qualifications And Conflicts Of Interest
273(1)
'West Coast' Approach
273(2)
'East Coast' Approach
275(1)
Adjudicator Bias: Case Law
276(2)
Enforcement Mechanisms
278(2)
Errors And Other Grounds For Challenging Adjudication Determinations
280(5)
Limited To Jurisdictional Error?
280(2)
Jurisdictional Error Examples
282(2)
Review Adjudications
284(1)
Towards Harmonisation?
285(3)
Conclusion And Summary
288(5)
Part VI Contracting With The State In The 21st Century
Chapter 16 Achmea: From The Judgment To The Plurilateral Agreement, Towards The Disappearance Of Intra-EU Bilateral Investment Protection Treaties
Malik Laazouzi
Eradicating The Jurisdiction Of Intra-Eu Investment Arbitral Tribunals
293(8)
The Achmea Judgment
293(5)
The Aftermath Of The Achmea Judgment
298(3)
The Termination Of Intra-Eu Bits By The Achmea Agreement
301(6)
The Achmea Agreement Against Intra-Eu Bits
301(5)
Future Difficulties
306(1)
Conclusion
307(4)
Chapter 17 State Immunity And Its Implications When Resolving Disputes With - and Enforcing Outcomes Against - States
Michael Cottrell
Introduction
311(2)
State Immunity: Some Underlying Concepts
313(7)
Acts Of A Sovereign Nature vs Acts Of A Commercial Nature
314(4)
Adjudicative Vs Enforcement Jurisdiction
318(2)
The Legislative Regime Governing State Immunity In The UK
320(11)
Structure Of The State Immunity Act
322(2)
Exceptions To Immunity From The Court's Adjudicative Jurisdiction
324(1)
Exceptions To Immunity From The Court's Enforcement Jurisdiction
325(1)
Measures Of Constraint Involving Committal Or Fines
325(1)
Measures Of Constraint Directed Towards The State And Its Property
326(1)
Post-Judgment Measures Of Execution For Judgments And Awards
328(3)
State Entities
331(2)
Central Banks And Sovereign Wealth Funds
333(4)
State Immunity And Arbitration
337(29)
The State's Agreement To Arbitration
338(1)
Extension Of The Arbitration Agreement To A Non-Party State
340(1)
State Bound By Arbitration Agreement Executed By Third Parties Without State's Knowledge
342(1)
State Bound To Arbitrate When Making A Claim Under An Insurance Policy Containing An Arbitration Agreement Pursuant To The Conditional Benefit Principle
344(1)
Agreements To Arbitrate In International Treaties
346(1)
A Tribunal's Award On Its Own Jurisdiction May Be Sufficient To Establish The Agreement To Arbitrate
348(4)
The Effect Of The State's Consent On Its Immunity From Jurisdiction
352(4)
Proceedings 'Which Relate To The Arbitration'
356(1)
Recognition And Enforcement Of An Arbitral Award
357(1)
Challenges To Arbitral Awards
359(1)
Ancillary/Interlocutory Applications
360(6)
State Immunity And The Execution Of Arbitral Awards
366(8)
Property Of The State
367(1)
Ownership Of Property
368(1)
Types Of Property And The Nature Of The State's Interest
369(2)
Commercial Use
371(3)
Conclusions
374(5)
Index 379
Renato Nazzini is Professor of Law and Director of the Centre of Construction Law and Dispute Resolution at Kings College London and partner at LMS Legal LLP, London. He is an international arbitrator, counsel and construction specialist with experience in common law and civil law jurisdictions in Europe, Asia, Africa and America and has acted, as arbitrator or counsel, under most international rules, including the ICC, the LCIA, the UNCITRAL and the Milan Chamber of Commerce (CAM) Rules. He is a member of the ICC Arbitration and ADR Commission, Italy, a member of the ICC Task Force on Dealing with Corruption Issues in International Arbitration and a member of the Board of the International Construction Law Association and of Africa Construction Law.