|
|
xiv | |
|
|
xvi | |
Foreword |
|
xviii | |
Preface |
|
xx | |
Acknowledgements |
|
xxii | |
|
|
1 | (84) |
|
1 Continuous Improvement and the Construction Industry |
|
|
3 | (21) |
|
|
3 | (21) |
|
1.1.1 Defining continuous improvement |
|
|
4 | (2) |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
1.1.3 Nine principles of continuous improvement |
|
|
7 | (5) |
|
1.1.4 Creating a value stream mapping |
|
|
12 | (1) |
|
1.1.5 The merits and demerits of continuous improvement |
|
|
12 | (1) |
|
1.1.6 Evidence of continuous improvement in the construction industry |
|
|
13 | (5) |
|
1.1.7 Continuous improvement and construction cost management |
|
|
18 | (1) |
|
|
19 | (5) |
|
2 Construction Cost Management Systems, Methods, and Techniques |
|
|
24 | (18) |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
2.1 Introduction: Construction cost management |
|
|
24 | (3) |
|
2.1.1 Construction cost estimation |
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
2.2 Differences between construction cost, price, and value |
|
|
27 | (2) |
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
2.3 Pre-contract cost planning |
|
|
29 | (1) |
|
2.4 Factors influencing construction estimation |
|
|
30 | (2) |
|
|
32 | (1) |
|
2.5 Construction cost management system |
|
|
32 | (7) |
|
2.5.1 Traditional cost management system (TCMS) |
|
|
32 | (1) |
|
2.5.2 Value management system (VMS) |
|
|
33 | (1) |
|
2.5.3 Earned value management system |
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
2.5.4 5D Building information modelling management (BIM) |
|
|
35 | (2) |
|
2.5.5 Benchmarking system |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
|
39 | (3) |
|
|
40 | (2) |
|
3 Construction Cost Management Methods |
|
|
42 | (15) |
|
3.1 Introduction: Construction cost management methods |
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
3.2 Cost estimation and material taking-off |
|
|
42 | (3) |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
|
45 | (2) |
|
|
47 | (1) |
|
3.6 Whole life cycle costing |
|
|
47 | (2) |
|
|
49 | (1) |
|
3.8 Activity-based costing |
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
3.9 Earned value analysis |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
3.10 Target value design and costing |
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
|
53 | (2) |
|
|
55 | (2) |
|
|
55 | (2) |
|
4 Construction Cost Management Techniques |
|
|
57 | (13) |
|
4.1 Introduction: Construction cost management techniques |
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
4.3 Cash flow forecasting |
|
|
58 | (2) |
|
4.4 Monitoring labour, material, equipment, and overheads |
|
|
60 | (1) |
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
4.6 Incremental milestone |
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
4.7 Identifying cost overruns |
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
4.9 Site meetings and post-project reviews |
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
4.10 Historical cost data and profit and loss summary |
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
4.11 Plan-do-check-act (PDCA) cost reduction principle |
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
4.12 Post-contract cost control |
|
|
67 | (3) |
|
|
69 | (1) |
|
5 Modern Methods of Cost Control |
|
|
70 | (15) |
|
5.1 Modern methods of construction and cost control |
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
5.2 The cost of prefabricated construction |
|
|
70 | (2) |
|
5.3 Cost of 3D-printed buildings |
|
|
72 | (2) |
|
5.4 Artificial intelligence in construction cost control |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
5.4.1 Predicting behaviour of construction professionals towards construction cost control |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
5.5 Blockchain technology and construction cost control |
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
5.6 Mobile construction project management and construction cost control |
|
|
76 | (3) |
|
5.6.1 Videoconferencing in construction cost control |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
5.7 Big data analytics and construction cost |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
5.8 Cloud-based database and construction cost control |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
5.9 Conclusion: Continuous cost improvement and construction new trends |
|
|
81 | (4) |
|
|
81 | (4) |
|
|
85 | (66) |
|
6 Overhead Cost Reduction and Maintenance through Continuous Improvement |
|
|
87 | (13) |
|
6.1 Introduction: The hidden costs of construction and continuous improvement |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
6.2 Continuous improvement of construction company's overhead cost |
|
|
88 | (2) |
|
6.3 Continuous improvement of construction project overhead cost |
|
|
90 | (4) |
|
|
91 | (2) |
|
6.3.2 Construction design economics |
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
6.3.3 Construction planning and procurement arrangements |
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
6.3.5 Economic conditions |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
6.4 Basis of calculating overhead costs in construction |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
6.5 Conclusion: Strategies for overhead cost maintenance and reduction |
|
|
95 | (5) |
|
|
98 | (2) |
|
7 Global Construction Organisational Cultures and Continuous Improvement |
|
|
100 | (15) |
|
7.1 Introduction: Construction organisational culture |
|
|
100 | (1) |
|
7.2 Influence of organisational culture on change in the construction industry |
|
|
100 | (1) |
|
7.3 Asian construction organisational cultures |
|
|
101 | (2) |
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
7.4 African construction organisational cultures |
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
|
104 | (1) |
|
7.5 Australian construction organisational cultures |
|
|
104 | (1) |
|
|
104 | (1) |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
7.6 European construction organisational cultures |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
7.7 North American construction organisational cultures |
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
7.7 A The United States of America |
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
7.8 South American construction organisational cultures |
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
|
108 | (1) |
|
7.9 Awareness and acceptance of continuous improvement in the organisational culture |
|
|
108 | (4) |
|
7.9.1 Clan culture and continuous improvement |
|
|
109 | (1) |
|
7.9.2 Hierarchy culture and continuous improvement |
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
7.9.3 Market culture and continuous improvement |
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
7.9.4 Adhocracy and continuous improvement |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
|
112 | (3) |
|
|
112 | (3) |
|
8 Continuous Improvement and Cost Overrun in Construction Projects |
|
|
115 | (18) |
|
8.1 Introduction: Classification of construction projects |
|
|
115 | (1) |
|
8.2 Continuous improvement in basic projects |
|
|
115 | (5) |
|
8.2.1 Factors impacting on the cost performance of basic construction projects |
|
|
116 | (4) |
|
8.3 Complex construction projects |
|
|
120 | (3) |
|
8.3.1 Factors impacting on the cost performance of complex projects |
|
|
121 | (2) |
|
8.4 Continuous improvement on large and unique construction projects |
|
|
123 | (3) |
|
8.4.1 Factors impacting on the cost performance of large and unique projects |
|
|
124 | (2) |
|
8.5 Continuous improvement on megaprojects |
|
|
126 | (2) |
|
8.5.1 Factors impacting on the cost performance of mega projects |
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
8.6 Categories of stakeholders in construction projects |
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
8.7 Summary: Project scales and continuous improvement |
|
|
129 | (4) |
|
|
131 | (2) |
|
9 Latent Continuous Cost Improvement Strategies in the Construction Industry |
|
|
133 | (18) |
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
9.2 Continuous cost improvement strategies for the basic construction of a basic construction project in Nigeria |
|
|
133 | (3) |
|
|
134 | (1) |
|
9.2.2 Making use of local materials |
|
|
135 | (1) |
|
9.2.3 Engagement with suppliers and subcontractors |
|
|
136 | (1) |
|
9.3 Continuous cost improvement strategies of a complex construction project in Sri Lanka |
|
|
136 | (6) |
|
9.3.1 Personal heuristics |
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
|
140 | (1) |
|
9.3.4 Post-project reviews |
|
|
141 | (1) |
|
9.4 Continuous cost improvement strategies for unique construction projects in Italy |
|
|
142 | (3) |
|
9.4.1 Circular economy in construction |
|
|
142 | (1) |
|
9.4.2 Material life cycle costing |
|
|
143 | (1) |
|
9.4.3 Constructability assessment |
|
|
144 | (1) |
|
9.5 Continuous cost improvement strategies for megaproject in the UK |
|
|
145 | (2) |
|
9.5.1 Material selection and specifications |
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
9.5.2 Cost-benefit analysis |
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
|
147 | (4) |
|
|
148 | (3) |
|
|
151 | (78) |
|
10 Cases on Overhead Cost Reduction and Maintenance through Continuous Improvement |
|
|
153 | (11) |
|
|
153 | (1) |
|
10.2 Case 1: Site conditions |
|
|
154 | (1) |
|
10.3 Case 2: Construction design economics |
|
|
155 | (2) |
|
10.4 Case 3: Construction planning and procurement arrangements |
|
|
157 | (2) |
|
10.5 Case 4: Additional costs |
|
|
159 | (2) |
|
10.6 Case 5: Economic condition |
|
|
161 | (1) |
|
|
162 | (1) |
|
|
163 | (1) |
|
11 Cases on Continuous Cost Improvement Attributes for Monitoring Construction Projects - PART I |
|
|
164 | (13) |
|
|
164 | (2) |
|
11.2 Case 1: Variation management |
|
|
166 | (1) |
|
11.3 Case 2: Plant hire cost |
|
|
167 | (1) |
|
|
168 | (1) |
|
11.5 Case 4: Administrative charges |
|
|
169 | (1) |
|
11.6 Case 5: Monitoring construction material cost |
|
|
170 | (1) |
|
11.7 Case 6: All. forms of risks |
|
|
171 | (1) |
|
11.8 Case 7: Financial risk |
|
|
171 | (1) |
|
11.9 Case 8: Drawing reviews |
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
11.10 Case 9: Meeting the cost benchmark of individual construction elements |
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
11.11 Case 10: Taking immediate corrective action |
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
11.12 Case 11: Managing subcontractor and suppliers' cost |
|
|
174 | (1) |
|
11.13 Case 12: Outcome of weekly/monthly site meetings |
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
12 Cases on Continuous Cost Improvement Attributes in the Construction Industry - PART II |
|
|
177 | (12) |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
12.2 Case 13: Price fluctuation |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
12.3 Case 14: Changes in laws and regulations |
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
12.4 Case 15: Compliance with laws |
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
12.5 Case 16: Constructability or buildability check |
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
12.6 Case 17: Design economics norms check |
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
12.7 Case 18: Cost norms check |
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
12.8 Case 19: Wastage check |
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
12.9 Case 20: Alternative technology check |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
12.10 Case 21: Facility management issues |
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
12.11 Case 22: Long-term maintenance agreement drafts |
|
|
185 | (1) |
|
12.12 Case 23: Electric power and water consumption check |
|
|
186 | (1) |
|
12.13 Case 24: Production continuity |
|
|
187 | (1) |
|
|
188 | (1) |
|
13 Cases on Openness to Continuous Cost Improvement in Construction Organisations |
|
|
189 | (12) |
|
|
189 | (1) |
|
13.2 Case study on openness to new ideas in construction organisations |
|
|
189 | (2) |
|
13.3 Case study on encouragement of continuous cost improvement |
|
|
191 | (1) |
|
13.4 Case study on clan culture and continuous cost improvement |
|
|
192 | (2) |
|
13.5 Case study on hierarchy culture and continuous cost improvement |
|
|
194 | (2) |
|
13.6 Case study on market culture and continuous cost improvement |
|
|
196 | (1) |
|
13.7 Case study on adhocracy culture and continuous cost improvement |
|
|
197 | (2) |
|
|
199 | (2) |
|
14 Cases on Continuous Cost Improvement in Procurement Strategies |
|
|
201 | (16) |
|
|
201 | (2) |
|
14.2 Cases on sequential traditional procurement |
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
14.3 Cases on accelerated traditional procurement |
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
14.4 Cases on direct design and build |
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
14.5 Cases on competitive design and build |
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
14.6 Cases on novated design and build |
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
14.7 Cases on develop and construct |
|
|
208 | (1) |
|
14.8 Cases on design and manage |
|
|
209 | (1) |
|
14.9 Cases on management contracting |
|
|
210 | (1) |
|
14.10 Cases on construction management |
|
|
211 | (1) |
|
14.11 Cases on public-private partnerships |
|
|
212 | (2) |
|
14.12 Cases on partnerships, alliancing, and consortia |
|
|
214 | (1) |
|
|
215 | (2) |
|
|
215 | (2) |
|
15 Contractual Payment Arrangements and Continuous Improvement |
|
|
217 | (12) |
|
|
217 | (2) |
|
15.2 Cases on lump-sum contracts |
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
15.3 Cases on fixed-price contracts |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
15.4 Cases on remeasurement contract |
|
|
221 | (2) |
|
15.5 Cases on cost-reimbursable contracts (prime cost contracts or cost-plus contracts) |
|
|
223 | (1) |
|
15.6 Cases on guaranteed maximum price |
|
|
224 | (1) |
|
15.7 Cases on unit pricing contracts |
|
|
225 | (1) |
|
15.8 Cases on target cost, contracts |
|
|
226 | (1) |
|
|
227 | (2) |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
|
229 | (26) |
|
16 Decision Tools for Continuous Cost Improvement - Part I |
|
|
231 | (12) |
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
|
232 | (2) |
|
16.3 Interrelationship diagraphs (IDs) |
|
|
234 | (1) |
|
|
234 | (3) |
|
16.5 Process decision program charts (PDPCs) |
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
16.7 Prioritisation matrices |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
|
240 | (3) |
|
|
241 | (2) |
|
17 Decision Tools for Continuous Cost Improvement - Part II |
|
|
243 | (12) |
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
17.2 Activity network diagrams (ANDs) |
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
|
244 | (1) |
|
|
245 | (1) |
|
17.5 Business process modelling and notation (BPMN) |
|
|
246 | (2) |
|
17.6 Icam DEFinition Function Zero (IDEFO) for improving post-cost controlling activities |
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
17.7 Capability maturity model for continuous cost improvement |
|
|
249 | (2) |
|
17.8 Plan-do-check-act (PDCA) model |
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
|
252 | (3) |
|
|
252 | (3) |
Index |
|
255 | |