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E-raamat: Converging Grammars: Constructions in Singapore English [De Gruyter e-raamatud]

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Citing the main inspiration for this collection as a question--should Singapore English be understood (in construction terms) as actually a dialect of English or a different language altogether?--Ziegler approaches the problem of construction in contact situations using data from the more difficult areas of contact, such as those in which the transparency of substrate modelling is not so clearly in evidence, and attempts to create a theoretical platform based on the use of ambiguous construction frameworks. He seeks to contribute toward resolving many of the problems that arise from applying a strict construction-based descriptive approach to cases of languages in which the syntax and the lexicon derive from different languages. Nine chapters are: introduction; Singapore English; construction grammars and the paradox of “mixed” construction types; transitivity and causativity; experiential aspect; the past tense construction; bare noun constructions; the merger construction; concluding remarks. Annotation ©2016 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)

This volume provides a much-needed, critical overview of the field of constructions and construction grammar in the context of Singapore English, and poses the question of identifying a construction in contact when the lexicon is derived from one language and the syntax from another. Case studies are illustrated in which the possibility of a 'merger'-construction is offered to resolve such problems. The book is intended for students of construction theories, variation studies, or any researcher of contact grammars

Preface and acknowledgements ix
Abbreviations xi
List of figures and tables
xiii
List of tables
xiv
Chapter 1 Introduction
1(14)
1.1 Main terms and definitions
5(4)
1.2 Overview
9(6)
Chapter 2 Singapore English
15(26)
2.1 Introduction: Historical background
15(5)
2.2 The sociolinguistics of Singapore English
20(8)
2.2.1 Earlier studies
20(4)
2.2.2 The situation today
24(4)
2.3 Grammatical morphology and discourse features
28(11)
2.3.1 Tense, aspect and modality
28(6)
2.3.2 Other grammatical features
34(5)
2.4 Overview
39(2)
Chapter 3 Construction grammars and the paradox of `mixed' construction types
41(36)
3.1 Introduction: constructions in variational contexts
41(2)
3.2 Questions of construction descriptions
43(16)
3.2.1 Identification and terminology
43(5)
3.2.2 Compositionality
48(5)
3.2.3 Meaning
53(2)
3.2.4 Form-meaning alignment in other accounts
55(4)
3.3 Construction(al)isation
59(8)
3.4 Construction development and coercion
67(5)
3.4.1 Cyclical interaction
70(2)
3.5 Summarising the current position
72(5)
Chapter 4 Transitivity and causativity
77(40)
4.1 Introduction
77(3)
4.2 What is a conventionalised scenario?
80(13)
4.2.1 Earlier reference to the conventionalised scenario
80(2)
4.2.2 Adversative conventionalized scenarios
82(3)
4.2.3 Constraints on the use of CSs
85(3)
4.2.4 The causative-resultative alternate
88(2)
4.2.5 Adversative resultatives
90(3)
4.3 Conventionalised scenario constructions in Singaporean English
93(14)
4.3.1 Substrate influence
94(5)
4.3.2 The quantitative survey
99(2)
4.3.3 Results
101(4)
4.3.4 Comparative overview
105(2)
4.4 Discussion
107(7)
4.4.1 Pragmatic mechanisms of causativity reduction
108(3)
4.4.2 The subject role
111(3)
4.5 Summary
114(3)
Chapter 5 Experiential aspect
117(26)
5.1 Introduction
117(1)
5.2 The ever construction
118(5)
5.2.1 Negative polarity ever
118(1)
5.2.2 SCE ever
119(4)
5.3 Contact and substrate languages
123(4)
5.4 Contact grammaticalisation as a possible explanation
127(5)
5.5 Historical functions of English ever
132(4)
5.5.1 Universal quantifier uses of ever in SCE
135(1)
5.6 Logical explanations of meaning changes
136(4)
5.7 Discussion
140(2)
5.8 Summary
142(1)
Chapter 6 The past tense construction
143(38)
6.1 Introduction
143(2)
6.2 Tense marking in habitual aspect in SCE
145(4)
6.3 Tense marking in habituals in other languages
149(5)
6.3.1 Slavic
150(2)
6.3.2 Chinese dialects
152(2)
6.4 Preliminary survey data
154(16)
6.4.1 Search items
155(1)
6.4.2 Examples of the use of pasts-for-presents (PFP constructions)
156(12)
6.4.3 Distributional frequency
168(2)
6.4.4 Interim summary
170(1)
6.5 Discussion
170(8)
6.5.1 Present-perfectives and the realis-irrealis interface in English
173(5)
6.6 Summary
178(3)
Chapter 7 Bare noun constructions
181(34)
7.1 Introduction
181(1)
7.2 Number marking in Singapore Colloquial English count nouns
182(2)
7.3 Specific and non-specific nouns
184(3)
7.4 Bare Noun Constructions in Creole systems
187(4)
7.5 Further examples of the Bare Noun Construction in SCE
191(9)
7.5.1 Zero-plural BNCs
191(3)
7.5.2 More recent data
194(3)
7.5.3 Specific markers in SCE
197(3)
7.6 Number marking and the Chinese substrate
200(4)
7.7 The Bare Noun Construction and construction coercion
204(3)
7.8 Applying the coercion hypothesis to the contact data
207(6)
7.8.1 A grammatical metaphor
211(2)
7.9 Summary
213(2)
Chapter 8 The Merger Construction: a model of construction convergence
215(46)
8.1 Introduction
215(1)
8.2 Mechanisms of contact construction development
216(16)
8.2.1 Convergence
216(3)
8.2.2 Material and pattern copying
219(3)
8.2.3 Grammaticalisation
222(3)
8.2.4 Equivalence, and other constraints
225(3)
8.2.5 Relexification and systemic transfer
228(4)
8.3 The case studies in the present volume
232(10)
8.3.1 Transitivity and the conventionalised scenario construction
234(2)
8.3.2 The experiential aspect construction
236(2)
8.3.3 The past tense construction
238(2)
8.3.4 The bare noun construction
240(2)
8.4 Previous studies of contact constructions
242(5)
8.5 The Merger Construction Model
247(11)
8.5.1 The Transitive Merger-Construction
248(3)
8.5.2 The Experiential ever Merger-Construction
251(2)
8.5.3 The Past Tense Merger-Construction
253(2)
8.5.4 The Bare Noun Merger-Construction
255(3)
8.6 Summary
258(3)
Chapter 9 Concluding remarks
261(10)
References 271(18)
Index 289
Debra Ziegeler, University Sorbonne, Paris, France.