Acknowledgments |
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xv | |
Author |
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xvii | |
Acronyms |
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xix | |
COVID-19 Timeline |
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xxiii | |
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Introduction: Foray into the Field |
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1 | (1) |
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COVID-19 Update: May 9, 2022 |
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1 | (3) |
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2 | (1) |
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An Emerging Infectious Diseases Field Guide |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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The Many Paths of Exploration |
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4 | (1) |
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Venturing into COVID-19---and EIDs |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (2) |
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Chapter 1 The SARS-CoV-2 Virus |
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7 | (22) |
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Field Expedition: NASA's Ten-Word Definition of Life |
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7 | (2) |
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Lesson Learned: NASA's Ten-Word Definition of Life |
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9 | (1) |
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Concepts Covered in This Chapter |
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10 | (17) |
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Nucleic Acids Are the Self-Sustaining Chemical System of Life |
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10 | (3) |
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The Virus as Industrial Insurrectionist |
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13 | (2) |
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Virus Classification Systems |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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SARS-CoV-2 Is a Single-Stranded Positive Sense RNA Virus |
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17 | (1) |
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Protein Translation Starts with ORF1a Making NSP1-NSP11 |
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17 | (2) |
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Protein Translation Continues with ORF1b Making NSP12-NSP16 |
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19 | (1) |
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Immune System Evasion and Accessory Proteins |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry, Cytoplasmic Replication, and Exit |
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21 | (1) |
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Interrupting the Virus Life Cycle |
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21 | (2) |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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More Variants: Not If, but When |
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26 | (1) |
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Looking Back, Looking Ahead |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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Student Research Questions |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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Chapter 2 The Origins of SARS-CoV-2 |
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29 | (14) |
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Field Expedition: The Bat Woman |
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29 | (1) |
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Lesson Learned: The Bat Woman |
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30 | (1) |
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Concepts Covered in This Chapter |
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31 | (8) |
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SARS-CoV-2: An Emerging Infectious Disease |
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31 | (2) |
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Zoonotic Spillover Theory |
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33 | (1) |
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Bats as Animal Reservoirs for Lethal Zoonotic Pathogens |
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33 | (2) |
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35 | (2) |
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Official Reviews of Laboratory Leak and Zoonotic Spillover Theories |
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37 | (1) |
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Looking Back, Looking Ahead |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (2) |
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Student Research Questions |
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39 | (2) |
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41 | (2) |
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Chapter 3 COVID-19 Disease Manifestations |
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43 | (12) |
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Field Expedition: The Three Phases of Syphilis |
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43 | (2) |
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Lessons Learned: The Three Phases of Syphilis |
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45 | (1) |
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Concepts Covered in This Chapter |
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45 | (8) |
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COVID-19 Is a New Disease Entity |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (2) |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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COVID-19 Comorbid Conditions |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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ACE2 Receptors, Fluid Balance, and Inflammation |
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50 | (1) |
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Alveolar Epithelial Cells |
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51 | (1) |
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Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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Looking Back, Looking Ahead |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (2) |
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Student Research Questions |
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53 | (2) |
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55 | (20) |
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Field Expedition: Michael Mina's Mission |
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56 | (1) |
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Lesson Learned: Michael Mina's Mission |
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57 | (1) |
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Concepts Covered in This Chapter |
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57 | (15) |
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57 | (1) |
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Performance Characteristics of Clinical Tests |
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58 | (1) |
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"Gold Standard" or Reference Standard Test |
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59 | (1) |
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Positive and Negative Predictive Values |
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60 | (1) |
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Clinical Test Results and Disease Probability |
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60 | (1) |
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Bayes's Theorem of Pre-Test Probability |
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61 | (1) |
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Making the Correct Diagnosis of a Disease |
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61 | (1) |
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Using Clinical Tests in Making Diagnoses |
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62 | (1) |
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Making the Correct Diagnosis of COVID-19 |
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63 | (1) |
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SARS-CoV-2 Clinical Tests |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (3) |
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68 | (2) |
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Using Clinical Tests in Making COVID-19 Diagnoses |
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70 | (1) |
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Looking Back, Looking Ahead |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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Student Research Questions |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (3) |
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75 | (28) |
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Field Expedition: The Strange Case of Ivermectin |
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76 | (3) |
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Lesson Learned: The Strange Case of Ivermectin |
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79 | (1) |
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Concepts Covered in This Chapter |
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80 | (19) |
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Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) |
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80 | (1) |
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NPIs in Another Age: The 1918 Influenza Pandemic |
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81 | (3) |
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The Path to Scientifically Sound Therapeutics |
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84 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) |
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85 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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Consolidated Statement of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) |
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86 | (1) |
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86 | (2) |
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Designing Therapeutic Agents: Viral Life Cycle and Pathophysiology |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (2) |
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Viral-Induced Pathophysiology |
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90 | (1) |
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Three Challenges in Developing Antiviral Medications |
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91 | (2) |
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National Institutes of Health COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines |
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93 | (1) |
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NIH COVID-19 Treatment Recommendations |
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94 | (1) |
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Paxlovid™ (Ritonavir-Boosted Nirmatrelvir) |
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94 | (2) |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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NPIs and Therapeutics as Dual Measures |
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98 | (1) |
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Looking Back, Looking Ahead |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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Student Research Questions |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (3) |
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Chapter 6 Regulatory Agencies |
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103 | (18) |
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Field Expedition: The Booster Announcement |
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103 | (3) |
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Lesson Learned: The Booster Announcement |
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106 | (1) |
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Concepts Covered in This Chapter |
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107 | (10) |
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The United States: A Constitutional Federal Republic |
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107 | (1) |
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Regulatory Agencies as the "Fourth Branch" of Government |
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108 | (1) |
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Two Key Regulatory Agencies: The CDC and FDA |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) |
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111 | (1) |
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Food and Drug Administration (FDA) |
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112 | (2) |
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114 | (1) |
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Emergency Use Authorization |
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115 | (1) |
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The Pandemic as Civics Lesson |
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116 | (1) |
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Looking Back, Looking Ahead |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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Student Research Questions |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (3) |
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121 | (24) |
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Field Expedition: Jeryl Lynn's Mumps |
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121 | (2) |
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Lesson Learned: Jeryl Lynn's Mumps |
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123 | (1) |
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Concepts Covered in This Chapter |
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124 | (17) |
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Dr. Jenner's Variolation Experiments |
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124 | (1) |
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A Vaccination Triumph: The Eradication of Smallpox |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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Vaccines Usurp the Immune System |
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127 | (1) |
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Immune System Response to Infection |
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128 | (1) |
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Interactions among Immunologic Cells of the Adaptive Immune System |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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Clinical Trials and Scientific Truth |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (2) |
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Four Reasons for Rapid Development of mRNA-Based Vaccines |
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135 | (1) |
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Earlier Work with mRNA Technology |
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135 | (1) |
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Lessons Learned from SARS and MERS |
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135 | (1) |
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Release of the SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Sequence |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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Vaccine Confusion: Too Much of a Good Thing |
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136 | (1) |
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Vaccine Hesitancy and Resistance |
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137 | (1) |
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Existing Background of Distrust |
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138 | (1) |
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State Response to Vaccine Hesitancy |
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139 | (1) |
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Looking Back, Looking Ahead |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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Student Research Questions |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (3) |
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145 | (16) |
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Field Expedition: Sweden's Risky Experiment |
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145 | (2) |
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Lesson Learned: Sweden's Risky Experiment |
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147 | (1) |
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Concepts Covered in This Chapter |
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147 | (10) |
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148 | (1) |
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148 | (2) |
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Herd Immunity during COVID-19 |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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Herd Immunity during the Pre-Vaccination Phase |
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151 | (1) |
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Great Barrington Declaration vs. John Snow Memorandum |
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152 | (2) |
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Herd Immunity during the Post-Vaccination Period |
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154 | (1) |
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Herd Immunity Threshold in the Post-Vaccination Period |
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155 | (1) |
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Herd Immunity vs. "A Path to Normality" |
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156 | (1) |
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Looking Back, Looking Ahead |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (2) |
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Student Research Questions |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (2) |
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Chapter 9 Global Concerns |
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161 | (16) |
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Field Expedition: The World Health Organization Strategy |
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161 | (2) |
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Lesson Learned: The WHO Strategy |
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163 | (1) |
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Concepts Covered in This Chapter |
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164 | (8) |
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What Vaccinating the World Means |
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164 | (1) |
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SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Begins |
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165 | (2) |
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Twenty-First Century Problems |
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167 | (1) |
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From Eradicating Smallpox to Eliminating Other Infectious Diseases |
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168 | (1) |
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Public-Private Partnerships: Gavi, CEPI, and COVAX |
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168 | (1) |
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Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation |
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169 | (1) |
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Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance |
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170 | (1) |
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Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovation (CEPI) |
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170 | (1) |
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COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access Facility (COVAX) |
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170 | (1) |
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Looking Back, Looking Ahead |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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Student Research Questions |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (4) |
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177 | (22) |
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Field Expedition: Vector in Chief |
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177 | (2) |
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Lesson Learned: Vector in Chief |
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179 | (1) |
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Concepts Covered in This Chapter |
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180 | (7) |
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180 | (1) |
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The Overabundance of Information |
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181 | (1) |
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The Misuse of Information |
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181 | (1) |
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The Harmful Consequences of Misinformation |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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Irrational Behaviors and Beliefs Observed during the Pandemic |
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183 | (1) |
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Underlying Causes and Driving Forces for Irrational Behavior |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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Looking Back, Looking Ahead |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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Student Research Questions |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (3) |
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Conclusion: Our Pandemic Future |
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191 | (1) |
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The White House Correspondents' Dinner |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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New Threats on the Horizon |
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193 | (2) |
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New Variants and COVID-24 |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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What's Old Is New Again: Re-Emerging Diseases |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (2) |
Glossary |
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199 | (16) |
Index |
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215 | |