Preface |
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xvii | |
Acknowledgment |
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xxvii | |
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1 A Comprehensive Study of Security Issues and Research Challenges in Different Layers of Service-Oriented IoT Architecture |
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1 | (44) |
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1.1 Introduction and Related Work |
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2 | (2) |
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1.2 IoT: Evolution, Applications and Security Requirements |
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4 | (6) |
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1.2.1 IoT and Its Evolution |
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5 | (1) |
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1.2.2 Different Applications of IoT |
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5 | (2) |
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1.2.3 Different Things in IoT |
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7 | (1) |
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1.2.4 Security Requirements in IoT |
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8 | (2) |
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1.3 Service-Oriented IoT Architecture and IoT Protocol Stack |
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10 | (14) |
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1.3.1 Service-Oriented IoT Architecture |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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1.3.2.1 Application Layer Protocols |
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12 | (1) |
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1.3.2.2 Transport Layer Protocols |
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13 | (2) |
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1.3.2.3 Network Layer Protocols |
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15 | (1) |
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1.3.2.4 Link Layer and Physical Layer Protocols |
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16 | (8) |
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1.4 Anatomy of Attacks on Service-Oriented IoT Architecture |
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24 | (7) |
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1.4.1 Attacks on Software Service |
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24 | (1) |
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1.4.1.1 Operating System-Level Attacks |
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24 | (1) |
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1.4.1.2 Application-Level Attacks |
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25 | (1) |
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1.4.1.3 Firmware-Level Attacks |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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1.4.3 Attacks on Communication Protocols |
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26 | (1) |
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1.4.3.1 Attacks on Application Layer Protocols |
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26 | (2) |
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1.4.3.2 Attacks on Transport Layer Protocols |
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28 | (1) |
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1.4.3.3 Attacks on Network Layer Protocols |
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28 | (2) |
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1.4.3.4 Attacks on Link and Physical Layer Protocols |
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30 | (1) |
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1.5 Major Security Issues in Service-Oriented IoT Architecture |
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31 | (4) |
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1.5.1 Application -- Interface Layer |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (10) |
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36 | (9) |
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2 Quantum and Post-Quantum Cryptography |
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45 | (14) |
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46 | (1) |
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2.2 Security of Modern Cryptographic Systems |
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46 | (3) |
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2.2.1 Classical and Quantum Factoring of A Large Number |
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47 | (2) |
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2.2.2 Classical and Quantum Search of An Item |
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49 | (1) |
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2.3 Quantum Key Distribution |
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49 | (4) |
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50 | (1) |
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2.3.1.1 Proposed Key Verification Phase for BB84 |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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2.3.3 Practical Challenges of Quantum Key Distribution |
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52 | (1) |
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2.3.4 Multi-Party Quantum Key Agreement Protocol |
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53 | (1) |
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2.4 Post-Quantum Digital Signature |
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53 | (2) |
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2.4.1 Signatures Based on Lattice Techniques |
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54 | (1) |
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2.4.2 Signatures Based on Multivariate Quadratic Techniques |
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55 | (1) |
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2.4.3 Hash-Based Signature Techniques |
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55 | (1) |
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2.5 Conclusion and Future Directions |
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55 | (4) |
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56 | (3) |
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3 Artificial Neural Network Applications in Analysis of Forensic Science |
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59 | (14) |
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60 | (1) |
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3.2 Digital Forensic Analysis Knowledge |
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61 | (1) |
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3.3 Answer Set Programming in Digital Investigations |
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61 | (2) |
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3.4 Data Science Processing with Artificial Intelligence Models |
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63 | (1) |
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3.5 Pattern Recognition Techniques |
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63 | (2) |
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65 | (1) |
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3.7 Knowledge on Stages of Digital Forensic Analysis |
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65 | (2) |
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3.8 Deep Learning and Modelling |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (5) |
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69 | (4) |
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4 A Comprehensive Survey of Fully Homomorphic Encryption from Its Theory to Applications |
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73 | (18) |
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73 | (3) |
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4.2 Homomorphic Encryption Techniques |
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76 | (3) |
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4.2.1 Partial Homomorphic Encryption Schemes |
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77 | (1) |
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4.2.2 Fully Homomorphic Encryption Schemes |
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78 | (1) |
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4.3 Homomorphic Encryption Libraries |
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79 | (4) |
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4.4 Computations on Encrypted Data |
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83 | (2) |
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4.5 Applications of Homomorphic Encryption |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (5) |
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87 | (4) |
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5 Understanding Robotics through Synthetic Psychology |
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91 | (14) |
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91 | (1) |
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5.2 Physical Capabilities of Robots |
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92 | (3) |
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5.2.1 Artificial Intelligence and Neuro Linguistic Programming (NLP) |
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93 | (1) |
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5.2.2 Social Skill Development and Activity Engagement |
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93 | (1) |
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5.2.3 Autism Spectrum Disorders |
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93 | (1) |
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5.2.4 Age-Related Cognitive Decline and Dementia |
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94 | (1) |
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5.2.5 Improving Psychosocial Outcomes through Robotics |
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94 | (1) |
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5.2.6 Clients with Disabilities and Robotics |
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94 | (1) |
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5.2.7 Ethical Concerns and Robotics |
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95 | (1) |
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5.3 Traditional Psychology, Neuroscience and Future Robotics |
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95 | (2) |
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5.4 Synthetic Psychology and Robotics: A Vision of the Future |
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97 | (1) |
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5.5 Synthetic Psychology: The Foresight |
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98 | (1) |
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5.6 Synthetic Psychology and Mathematical Optimization |
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99 | (1) |
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5.7 Synthetic Psychology and Medical Diagnosis |
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99 | (2) |
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5.7.1 Virtual Assistance and Robotics |
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100 | (1) |
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5.7.2 Drug Discovery and Robotics |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (4) |
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101 | (4) |
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6 An Insight into Digital Forensics: History, Frameworks, Types and Tools |
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105 | (22) |
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105 | (2) |
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107 | (1) |
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6.2.1 Why Do We Need Forensics Process? |
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107 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Forensics Process Principles |
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108 | (1) |
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6.3 Digital Forensics History |
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108 | (3) |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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6.4 Evolutionary Cycle of Digital Forensics |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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6.5 Stages of Digital Forensics Process |
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112 | (3) |
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6.5.1 Stage 1 -- 1995 to 2003 |
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112 | (1) |
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6.5.2 Stage II -- 2004 to 2007 |
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113 | (1) |
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6.5.3 Stage III -- 2007 to 2014 |
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114 | (1) |
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6.6 Types of Digital Forensics |
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115 | (3) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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6.7 Evidence Collection and Analysis |
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118 | (1) |
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6.8 Digital Forensics Tools |
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119 | (4) |
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119 | (1) |
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6.8.2 SANS Investigative Forensics Toolkit -- SIFT |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (3) |
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6.8.4 The Sleuth Kit/Autopsy |
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122 | (1) |
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6.8.5 Oxygen Forensic Suite |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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6.8.7 Computer Online Forensic Evidence Extractor (COFEE) |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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6.8.10 Computer-Aided Investigative Environment (CAINE) |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (4) |
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123 | (4) |
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7 Digital Forensics as a Service: Analysis for Forensic Knowledge |
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127 | (36) |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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7.3 Types of Digital Forensics |
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129 | (32) |
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129 | (13) |
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142 | (5) |
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147 | (2) |
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149 | (5) |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (2) |
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157 | (4) |
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161 | (2) |
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161 | (2) |
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8 4S Framework: A Practical CPS Design Security Assessment & Benchmarking Framework |
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163 | (42) |
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164 | (2) |
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166 | (4) |
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8.3 Medical Cyber Physical System (MCPS) |
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170 | (2) |
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8.3.1 Difference between CPS and MCPS |
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171 | (1) |
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8.3.2 MCPS Concerns, Potential Threats, Security |
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171 | (1) |
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8.4 CPSSEC vs. Cyber Security |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (14) |
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174 | (1) |
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8.5.2 4S Framework-Based CPSSEC Assessment Process |
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175 | (6) |
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8.5.3 4S Framework-Based CPSSEC Assessment Score Breakdown & Formula |
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181 | (6) |
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8.6 Assessment of Hypothetical MCPS Using 4S Framework |
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187 | (13) |
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187 | (1) |
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8.6.2 Use Case Diagram for the Above CPS |
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188 | (1) |
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8.6.3 Iteration 1 of 4S Assessment |
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189 | (6) |
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8.6.4 Iteration 2 of 4S Assessment |
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195 | (5) |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (4) |
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201 | (4) |
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9 Ensuring Secure Data Sharing in IoT Domains Using Blockchain |
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205 | (18) |
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205 | (6) |
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208 | (1) |
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9.1.1.1 Proof of Work (PoW) |
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209 | (1) |
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9.1.1.2 Proof of Stake (PoS) |
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209 | (1) |
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9.1.1.3 Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) |
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210 | (1) |
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210 | (1) |
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9.1.3 Consortium or Federated |
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210 | (1) |
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9.2 IoT Application Domains and Challenges in Data Sharing |
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211 | (3) |
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214 | (2) |
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9.4 IoT Data Sharing Security Mechanism On Blockchain |
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216 | (3) |
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9.4.1 Double-Chain Mode Based On Blockchain Technology |
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216 | (1) |
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9.4.2 Blockchain Structure Based On Time Stamp |
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217 | (2) |
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219 | (4) |
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219 | (4) |
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10 A Review of Face Analysis Techniques for Conventional and Forensic Applications |
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223 | (18) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (4) |
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10.2.1 Literature Review on Face Recognition |
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226 | (2) |
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10.2.2 Challenges in Face Recognition |
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228 | (1) |
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10.2.3 Applications of Face Recognition |
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229 | (1) |
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10.3 Forensic Face Recognition |
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229 | (9) |
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10.3.1 Literature Review on Face Recognition for Forensics |
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231 | (2) |
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10.3.2 Challenges of Face Recognition in Forensics |
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233 | (2) |
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10.3.3 Possible Datasets Used for Forensic Face Recognition |
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235 | (1) |
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10.3.4 Fundamental Factors for Improving Forensics Science |
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235 | (2) |
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10.3.5 Future Perspectives |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (3) |
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238 | (3) |
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11 Roadmap of Digital Forensics Investigation Process with Discovery of Tools |
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241 | (30) |
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242 | (2) |
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11.2 Phases of Digital Forensics Process |
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244 | (2) |
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11.2.1 Phase I -- Identification |
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244 | (1) |
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11.2.2 Phase II -- Acquisition and Collection |
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245 | (1) |
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11.2.3 Phase III -- Analysis and Examination |
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245 | (1) |
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11.2.4 Phase IV -- Reporting |
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245 | (1) |
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11.3 Analysis of Challenges and Need of Digital Forensics |
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246 | (2) |
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11.3.1 Digital Forensics Process has following Challenges |
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246 | (1) |
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11.3.2 Needs of Digital Forensics Investigation |
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247 | (1) |
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11.3.3 Other Common Attacks Used to Commit the Crime |
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248 | (1) |
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11.4 Appropriateness of Forensics Tool |
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248 | (5) |
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248 | (4) |
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252 | (1) |
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11.4.3 Region of Emphasis |
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252 | (1) |
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11.4.4 Support for Additional Hardware |
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252 | (1) |
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11.5 Phase-Wise Digital Forensics Techniques |
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253 | (13) |
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253 | (1) |
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254 | (2) |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (2) |
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11.5.3.2 Different Curving Techniques |
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259 | (1) |
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11.5.3.3 Volatile Data Forensic Toolkit Used to Collect and Analyze the Data from Device |
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260 | (5) |
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265 | (1) |
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11.6 Pros and Cons of Digital Forensics Investigation Process |
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266 | (1) |
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11.6.1 Advantages of Digital Forensics |
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266 | (1) |
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11.6.2 Disadvantages of Digital Forensics |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (4) |
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267 | (4) |
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12 Utilizing Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Cybesecurity: An Innovative Approach |
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271 | (24) |
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271 | (10) |
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12.1.1 Protections of Cybersecurity |
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272 | (2) |
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274 | (2) |
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276 | (2) |
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12.1.4 Machine Learning and Deep Learning: Similarities and Differences |
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278 | (3) |
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281 | (2) |
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12.2.1 The Dataset Overview |
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282 | (1) |
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12.2.2 Data Analysis and Model for Classification |
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283 | (1) |
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12.3 Experimental Studies and Outcomes Analysis |
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283 | (6) |
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12.3.1 Metrics on Performance Assessment |
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284 | (1) |
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12.3.2 Result and Outcomes |
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285 | (1) |
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12.3.2.1 Issue 1: Classify the Various Categories of Feedback Related to the Malevolent Code Provided |
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285 | (1) |
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12.3.2.2 Issue 2: Recognition of the Various Categories of Feedback Related to the Malware Presented |
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286 | (1) |
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12.3.2.3 Issue 3: According to the Malicious Code, Distinguishing Various Forms of Malware |
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287 | (1) |
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12.3.2.4 Issue 4: Detection of Various Malware Styles Based on Different Responses |
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287 | (1) |
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288 | (1) |
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12.4 Conclusions and Future Scope |
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289 | (6) |
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292 | (3) |
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13 Applications of Machine Learning Techniques in the Realm of Cybersecurity |
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295 | (22) |
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296 | (2) |
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13.2 A Brief Literature Review |
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298 | (2) |
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13.3 Machine Learning and Cybersecurity: Various Issues |
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300 | (4) |
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13.3.1 Effectiveness of ML Technology in Cybersecurity Systems |
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300 | (2) |
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13.3.2 Machine Learning Problems and Challenges in Cybersecurity |
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302 | (1) |
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13.3.2.1 Lack of Appropriate Datasets |
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302 | (1) |
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13.3.2.2 Reduction in False Positives and False Negatives |
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302 | (1) |
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13.3.2.3 Adversarial Machine Learning |
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302 | (1) |
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13.3.2.4 Lack of Feature Engineering Techniques |
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303 | (1) |
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13.3.2.5 Context-Awareness in Cybersecurity |
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303 | (1) |
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13.3.3 Is Machine Learning Enough to Stop Cybercrime? |
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304 | (1) |
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13.4 ML Datasets and Algorithms Used in Cybersecurity |
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304 | (6) |
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13.4.1 Study of Available ML-Driven Datasets Available for Cybersecurity |
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304 | (1) |
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13.4.1.1 KDD Cup 1999 Dataset (DARPA 1998) |
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305 | (1) |
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305 | (1) |
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13.4.1.3 ECML-PKDD 2007 Discovery Challenge Dataset |
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305 | (1) |
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13.4.1.4 Malicious URL's Detection Dataset |
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306 | (1) |
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13.4.1.5 ISOT (Information Security and Object Technology) Botnet Dataset |
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306 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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13.4.1.7 M AWT Lab Anomaly Detection Dataset |
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307 | (1) |
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13.4.1.8 ADFA-LD and ADFA-WD Datasets |
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307 | (1) |
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13.4.2 Applications ML Algorithms in Cybersecurity Affairs |
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307 | (2) |
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309 | (1) |
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13.4.2.2 Support Vector Machine (SVM) |
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309 | (1) |
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13.4.2.3 Nearest Neighbor (NN) |
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309 | (1) |
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309 | (1) |
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13.4.2.5 Dimensionality Reduction |
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310 | (1) |
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13.5 Applications of Machine Learning in the Realm of Cybersecurity |
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310 | (3) |
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13.5.1 Facebook Monitors and Identifies Cybersecurity Threats with ML |
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310 | (1) |
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13.5.2 Microsoft Employs ML for Security |
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311 | (1) |
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13.5.3 Applications of ML by Google |
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312 | (1) |
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313 | (4) |
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313 | (4) |
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14 Security Improvement Technique for Distributed Control System (DCS) and Supervisory Control-Data Acquisition (SCADA) Using Blockchain at Dark Web Platform |
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317 | (18) |
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318 | (4) |
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14.2 Significance of Security Improvement in DCS and SCADA |
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322 | (1) |
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323 | (1) |
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14.4 Proposed Methodology |
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324 | (5) |
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14.4.1 Algorithms Used for Implementation |
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327 | (1) |
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14.4.2 Components of a Blockchain |
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327 | (1) |
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328 | (1) |
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14.4.4 The Technique of Stack and Work Proof |
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328 | (1) |
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329 | (1) |
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329 | (1) |
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330 | (5) |
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331 | (4) |
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15 Recent Techniques for Exploitation and Protection of Common Malicious Inputs to Online Applications |
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335 | (26) |
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335 | (1) |
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336 | (8) |
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336 | (1) |
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15.2.2 Exploitation Techniques |
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337 | (1) |
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15.2.2.1 In-Band SQL Injection |
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337 | (1) |
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15.2.2.2 Inferential SQL Injection |
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338 | (2) |
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15.2.2.3 Out-of-Band SQL Injection |
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340 | (1) |
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15.2.3 Causes of Vulnerability |
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340 | (1) |
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15.2.4 Protection Techniques |
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341 | (1) |
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15.2.4.1 Input Validation |
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341 | (1) |
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15.2.4.2 Data Sanitization |
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341 | (1) |
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15.2.4.3 Use of Prepared Statements |
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342 | (1) |
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15.2.4.4 Limitation of Database Permission |
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343 | (1) |
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15.2.4.5 Using Encryption |
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343 | (1) |
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15.3 Cross Site Scripting |
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344 | (5) |
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344 | (1) |
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15.3.2 Exploitation Techniques |
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344 | (1) |
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15.3.2.1 Reflected Cross Site Scripting |
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345 | (1) |
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15.3.2.2 Stored Cross Site Scripting |
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345 | (1) |
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15.3.2.3 DOM-Based Cross Site Scripting |
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346 | (1) |
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15.3.3 Causes of Vulnerability |
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346 | (1) |
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15.3.4 Protection Techniques |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
15.3.4.2 Data Sanitization |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
15.3.4.3 Escaping on Output |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
15.3.4.4 Use of Content Security Policy |
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
15.4 Cross Site Request Forgery |
|
|
349 | (4) |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
15.4.2 Exploitation Techniques |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
15.4.2.1 HTTP Request with GET Method |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
15.4.2.2 HTTP Request with POST Method |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
15.4.3 Causes of Vulnerability |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
15.4.3.1 Session Cookie Handling Mechanism |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
15.4.3.3 Browsers View Source Option |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
15.4.3.4 GET and POST Method |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
15.4.4 Protection Techniques |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
15.4.4.1 Checking HTTP Referer |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
15.4.4.2 Using Custom Header |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
15.4.4.3 Using Anti-CSRF Tokens |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
15.4.4.4 Using a Random Value for each Form Field |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
15.4.4.5 Limiting the Lifetime of Authentication Cookies |
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
|
353 | (2) |
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
15.5.2 Exploitation Techniques |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
15.5.3 Causes of Vulnerability |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
15.5.4 Protection Techniques |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
|
355 | (3) |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
15.6.2 Exploitation Techniques |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
15.6.2.1 Remote File Inclusion |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
15.6.2.2 Local File Inclusion |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
15.6.3 Causes of Vulnerability |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
15.6.4 Protection Techniques |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
|
358 | (3) |
|
|
358 | (3) |
|
16 Ransomware: Threats, Identification and Prevention |
|
|
361 | (28) |
|
|
|
|
|
361 | (3) |
|
16.2 Types of Ransomwares |
|
|
364 | (10) |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
16.2.1.1 Reveton Ransomware |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
16.2.1.2 Locky Ransomware |
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
16.2.1.3 CTB Locker Ransomware |
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
16.2.1.4 TorrentLocker Ransomware |
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
16.2.2.1 PC Cyborg Ransomware |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
16.2.2.2 OneHalf Ransomware |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
16.2.2.3 GPCode Ransomware |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
16.2.2.4 CryptoLocker Ransomware |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
16.2.2.5 CryptoDefense Ransomware |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
16.2.2.6 Crypto Wall Ransomware |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
16.2.2.7 TeslaCrypt Ransomware |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
16.2.2.8 Cerber Ransomware |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
16.2.2.9 Jigsaw Ransomware |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
16.2.2.10 Bad Rabbit Ransomware |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
16.2.2.11 WannaCry Ransomware |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
16.2.2.12 Petya Ransomware |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
16.2.2.13 Gandcrab Ransomware |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
16.2.2.14 Rapid Ransomware |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
16.2.2.15 Ryuk Ransomware |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
16.2.2.16 Lockergoga Ransomware |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
16.2.2.17 PewCrypt Ransomware |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
16.2.2.18 Dhrama/Crysis Ransomware |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
16.2.2.19 Phobos Ransomware |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
16.2.2.20 Malito Ransomware |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
16.2.2.21 LockBit Ransomware |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
16.2.2.22 GoldenEye Ransomware |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
16.2.2.23 REvil or Sodinokibi Ransomware |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
16.2.2.24 Nemty Ransomware |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
16.2.2.25 Nephilim Ransomware |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
16.2.2.26 Maze Ransomware |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
16.2.2.27 Sekhmet Ransomware |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
16.2.3.1 KeRanger Ransomware |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
16.2.3.2 Go Pher Ransomware |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
16.2.3.3 FBI Ransom Ransomware |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
16.2.3.6 ThiefQuest Ransomware |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
16.2.3.7 Keydnap Ransomware |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
16.2.3.8 Bird Miner Ransomware |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
16.3 Ransomware Life Cycle |
|
|
374 | (2) |
|
16.4 Detection Strategies |
|
|
376 | (2) |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
16.4.2 Detecting File Lockers |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
16.4.3 Detecting Screen Lockers |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
16.4.4 Connection-Monitor and Connection-Breaker Approach |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
16.4.5 Ransomware Detection by Mining API Call Usage |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
16.4.6 A New Static-Based Framework for Ransomware Detection |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
16.4.7 White List-Based Ransomware Real-Time Detection Prevention (WRDP) |
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
16.5 Analysis of Ransomware |
|
|
378 | (2) |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
16.6 Prevention Strategies |
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
16.6.2 Recovery After Infection |
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
16.7 Ransomware Traits Analysis |
|
|
380 | (4) |
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
|
384 | (5) |
|
|
384 | (5) |
Index |
|
389 | |