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E-raamat: Designing Small Weapons [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

(University of Mexico State, Mexico), (CIMAV and UAEM, Mexico)
  • Formaat: 228 pages, 27 Tables, black and white; 70 Line drawings, black and white; 76 Halftones, black and white; 146 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 10-Jun-2022
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781003196808
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  • Taylor & Francis e-raamat
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Designing Small WeaponsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 228 pages, 27 Tables, black and white; 70 Line drawings, black and white; 76 Halftones, black and white; 146 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 10-Jun-2022
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781003196808
Teised raamatud teemal:
Taylor & Francis e-raamatudRohkem infot Taylor & Francis e-raamatute kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003196808
This book focuses on developing small weapons, following the lifecycle of a firearm from design to manufacture. It demonstrates how modern technologies can be used at every stage of the process, such as design methodologies, CAD/CAE/CAM software, rapid prototyping, test benches, materials, heat and surface treatments, and manufacturing processes. Several case studies are presented to provide detailed considerations on developing specific topics.

Small weapons are designed to be carried by one person; examples are pistols, revolvers, rifles, carbines, shotguns, and submachine guns. Beginning with a review of the history of weapons from ancient to modern times, this book builds on this by mapping out recent innovations and state-of-the-art technologies that have advanced small weapon design. Presenting a comprehensive guide to computer design tools used by weapon engineers, this book demonstrates the capabilities of modern software at all stages of the process, looking at the computer-aided design, engineering, and manufacturing. It also details the materials used to create small weapons, notably steels, engineering polymers, composites, and emerging materials. Manufacturing processes, both conventional and unconventional, are discussed, for example, casting, powder metallurgy, additive manufacturing, and heat and surface treatments.

This book is essential reading to those in the field of weapons, such as designers, workers in research and development, engineering and design students, students at military colleges, sportsmen, hunters, and those interested in firearms.

Dr. Jose Martin Herrera-Ramirez is a military engineer with experience in the field of weapon and ammunition development. After receiving his PhD in Materials Science and Engineering from the Paris School of Mines in France, he was the head of the Applied Research Center and Technology Development for the Mexican Military Industry (CIADTIM). He now researches the development of metallic alloys and composites at the Research Center for Advanced Materials (CIMAV) in Chihuahua, Mexico.

Dr. Luis Adrian Zuñiga-Aviles is a military engineer with wide experience in the field of weapon and ammunition development. He was head of the prototypes and simulation departments at the Applied Research Center and Technology Development for the Mexican Military Industry (CIADTIM) and head of engineering of the Production directorate. He received his PhD in Science and Technology on Mechatronics from the Center for Engineering and Industrial Development (CIDESI) in Queretaro, Mexico. He now researches the new product design and development for military application, machinery, robotics, and medical devices in the Faculty of Medicine at the Autonomous University of Mexico State (UAEMex) and the Faculty of Engineering at UAEMex as part of the Researchers for Mexico program CONACYT.
List of Abbreviations
xiii
Preface xix
Acknowledgments xxi
Authors xxii
Chapter 1 History of the Design of Small Weapons
1(20)
1.1 Introduction
1(2)
1.1.1 The First Period
1(1)
1.1.2 The Second Period
1(1)
1.1.3 The Third Period
2(1)
1.1.4 The Fourth Period
3(1)
1.2 Evolution of Firearms
3(4)
1.2.1 The Hand Cannon
4(1)
1.2.2 The Matchlock System
4(1)
1.2.3 The Wheellock System
4(1)
1.2.4 The Snaphaunce System
4(1)
1.2.5 The Flintlock System
4(1)
1.2.6 The Percussion System
5(1)
1.2.7 The Dreyse Needle System
5(1)
1.2.8 The Pinfire System
5(1)
1.2.9 The Rimfire Ammunition
6(1)
1.2.10 The Centerfire Ammunition
6(1)
1.2.11 The Rifling System
6(1)
1.2.12 The Revolver
6(1)
1.2.13 Self-Loading Firearms
6(1)
1.3 Classification of Firearms
7(4)
1.3.1 Classification by the Level of Harm
7(1)
1.3.1.1 Lethal Firearms
7(1)
1.3.1.2 Non-lethal Firearms
7(1)
1.3.2 Classification by the Traditional Structure
7(1)
1.3.2.1 Firearms
8(1)
1.3.2.2 Conventional Weapons
8(1)
1.3.2.3 Non-conventional Weapons
8(1)
1.3.3 Classification by the Portability
8(1)
1.3.3.1 Small Arms
8(1)
1.3.3.2 Light Weapons
8(1)
1.3.3.3 Heavy Weapons
8(1)
1.3.4 Classification by the Physical Characteristics, Size, and Support
8(1)
1.3.4.1 Short
8(1)
1.3.4.2 Long
8(1)
1.3.5 Classification by the Weapon Action
9(1)
1.3.5.1 Single-Shot Action
9(1)
1.3.5.2 Repeating Action
9(1)
1.3.5.3 Semi-automatic Action
9(1)
1.3.5.4 Burst Action
9(1)
1.3.5.5 (Fully) Automatic Action
9(1)
1.3.6 Classification by the Type of Firearm
9(1)
1.3.6.1 Revolver
9(1)
1.3.6.2 Pistol
10(1)
1.3.6.3 Shotgun
10(1)
1.3.6.4 Rifle or Carbine
10(1)
1.3.6.5 Assault Rifle
10(1)
1.3.6.6 Sub-machine Gun
10(1)
1.3.6.7 Machine Gun
10(1)
1.3.6.8 Other Type of Firearms
10(1)
1.4 Evolution of Weapon Materials
11(4)
1.4.1 Stone, Wood, and Bone
11(1)
1.4.2 Metals
11(1)
1.4.2.1 Bronze
11(1)
1.4.2.2 Iron
12(1)
1.4.2.3 Steel
13(1)
1.4.2.4 Aluminum
13(1)
1.4.3 Polymers
13(1)
1.4.4 Composites
14(1)
1.4.5 Ceramics
14(1)
1.5 Evolution of Firearm Manufacturing Processes
15(1)
1.6 Evolution of Design Tools
15(6)
1.6.1 The First Period
15(1)
1.6.2 The Second Period
16(1)
1.6.3 The Third Period
16(2)
References
18(3)
Chapter 2 Beginning the Product Design
21(26)
2.1 Introduction
21(1)
2.2 Product Lifecycle Management
21(3)
2.3 Design Methodologies
24(9)
2.3.1 Expectation for Innovation Using the Market Pull
24(1)
2.3.2 Expectation for Innovation Using the Technology Push
25(1)
2.3.3 Design Criteria
26(1)
2.3.4 Design Attributes
26(1)
2.3.5 Requirements
27(1)
2.3.6 Functional Requirements
27(1)
2.3.7 Design Parameters
28(1)
2.3.8 Constraints
28(1)
2.3.9 Commonality Index
28(1)
2.3.10 DFA Index
29(1)
2.3.11 Modeling and Simulation
29(1)
2.3.12 PDMs Frameworks
29(4)
2.4 A Case Study Based on PDMs Toolkit
33(10)
2.4.1 Preliminary Topics
33(1)
2.4.2 Market Pull Analysis
33(2)
2.4.3 Design Criteria
35(3)
2.4.4 Requirements
38(1)
2.4.5 Functional Requirements
38(1)
2.4.6 Design Parameters
39(1)
2.4.7 Constraints
39(1)
2.4.8 Commonality Index
39(1)
2.4.9 DFA Index
40(1)
2.4.10 Product Portfolio
41(2)
2.5 Closing Remarks and Perspectives
43(4)
References
44(3)
Chapter 3 Custom and Functional Requirements
47(16)
3.1 Introduction
47(1)
3.2 Requirements
47(1)
3.3 Requirements to Reach Readiness of a System
48(1)
3.4 Requirement Identification
49(2)
3.5 Determination of FR and Assessment of Its Difficulty
51(3)
3.6 Determination of DPs Using Axiomatic Design
54(2)
3.7 Relationship DP to FR
56(1)
3.8 Relationship Critical Design Parameter (CDP) to Test Bench Feature (TBF)
56(2)
3.9 Relationship Process Variable (PV) to DP
58(1)
3.10 Determination of Instruments to Technology Transfer
59(1)
3.11 Closing Remarks and Perspectives
59(4)
References
60(3)
Chapter 4 CAD Modeling and CAE Simulation
63(48)
4.1 Introduction
63(1)
4.2 Modeling and Simulation
63(2)
4.3 CAD Modeling
65(9)
4.3.1 Digital Model Obtaining
65(2)
4.3.2 Materials Database Storage
67(1)
4.3.3 Bill of Material Property Manager
67(1)
4.3.4 CAD Animation
67(1)
4.3.5 Interference Detection
67(3)
4.3.6 Tolerance Stack-up Analysis
70(4)
4.3.7 CAD Drawings
74(1)
4.4 CAE Simulation
74(33)
4.4.1 CAD Model Treatment
79(1)
4.4.2 CAE Analysis by FEA
79(2)
4.4.3 CAE Motion
81(2)
4.4.4 Flow CFD
83(13)
4.4.5 CAE Multibody Dynamics
96(4)
4.4.6 CAE Co-Simulation
100(1)
4.4.7 CAE Multi-Domain
100(1)
4.4.8 CAE Bullet Penetration and Perforation by Explicit Dynamics
100(5)
4.4.9 Thermal Simulation by FEA, CFD, and FSI
105(1)
4.4.10 CAE Emulation
105(2)
4.5 CAD-CAE Documentation and Report
107(1)
4.6 Closing Remarks and Perspectives
107(4)
References
108(3)
Chapter 5 CAM Assessment and Rapid Prototyping
111(18)
5.1 Introduction
111(1)
5.2 Technical Preliminaries
111(1)
5.3 CAM Assessment
112(3)
5.4 CNC Machining
115(1)
5.5 Laser Cutting
116(1)
5.6 3D Printing
117(3)
5.7 Prototyping Workshop
120(1)
5.8 Rapid Prototyping
120(1)
5.9 Rapid Tooling and Manufacturing Devices
121(1)
5.10 Industry 4.0
122(2)
5.11 Closing Remarks and Perspectives
124(5)
References
124(5)
Chapter 6 Experimental Physical Models, Test Benches, and Prototypes
129(16)
6.1 Introduction
129(1)
6.2 Tests Protocols and Product Validation Process
129(3)
6.3 Firearm Usability and UX
132(1)
6.4 Firearm EPMs and Demonstration Prototypes
132(1)
6.5 Test Benches and Standards to Firearm Performance
133(3)
6.6 Firearm Prototypes in Real Environment
136(1)
6.7 Polymer Firearms and 3D Printed Prototypes
137(1)
6.8 Firearm Performance Case Studies
138(2)
6.9 Closing Remarks and Perspectives
140(5)
References
141(4)
Chapter 7 Materials Used in the Production of Small Weapons
145(34)
7.1 Introduction
145(1)
7.2 Classification of Materials
146(2)
7.2.1 Metals
146(1)
7.2.2 Polymers
147(1)
7.2.3 Ceramics
147(1)
7.2.4 Composites
147(1)
7.3 Binary Phase Diagrams
148(1)
7.4 The Fe-C Phase Diagram
149(2)
7.5 Aluminum Alloys Phase Diagrams
151(1)
7.6 Mechanical Properties of Materials
151(3)
7.7 Steels
154(8)
7.7.1 Classification of Steels
154(2)
7.7.2 Influence of Alloying and Residual Elements on Steel Properties
156(1)
7.7.3 Designation of Steels
157(5)
7.8 Aluminum Alloys
162(5)
7.8.1 Classification of Aluminum Alloys
164(1)
7.8.2 Designation of Wrought Aluminum Alloys
165(1)
7.8.3 Influence of Alloying Elements and Impurities on Aluminum Alloy Properties
165(2)
7.9 Titanium Alloys
167(1)
7.10 Synthetic Polymers
168(2)
7.10.1 Glass Transition Temperature
168(1)
7.10.2 Nomenclature of Synthetic Polymers
169(1)
7.10.3 Classification of Polymers by Properties
169(1)
7.11 Composites
170(4)
7.11.1 Matrices
171(1)
7.11.2 Reinforcements
172(2)
7.12 Ceramics
174(1)
7.13 Closing Remarks
175(4)
References
175(4)
Chapter 8 Heat Treatments and Surface Hardening of Small Weapon Components
179(26)
8.1 Introduction
179(1)
8.2 Heat Treatments of Steels
179(8)
8.2.1 The TTT Diagram
181(1)
8.2.2 Annealing
182(1)
8.2.2.1 Full Annealing
182(1)
8.2.2.2 Process Annealing
183(1)
8.2.2.3 Spheroidizing Annealing
183(1)
8.2.3 Normalizing
183(1)
8.2.4 Hardening
184(1)
8.2.5 Tempering
185(1)
8.2.6 Martempering
185(1)
8.2.7 Austempering
185(2)
8.3 Surface Hardening of Steels
187(4)
8.3.1 Carburizing
190(1)
8.3.2 Nitriding
190(1)
8.3.3 Carbonitriding
190(1)
8.3.4 Induction Hardening
190(1)
8.3.5 Flame Hardening
190(1)
8.4 Heat Treatments of Aluminum Alloys
191(4)
8.5 Anodizing of Aluminum Alloys
195(1)
8.6 A Case Study Based on Heat Treatments of Steels
195(7)
8.7 Closing Remarks
202(3)
References
202(3)
Chapter 9 Manufacturing Processes for Small Weapon Components
205(16)
9.1 Introduction
205(1)
9.2 Casting
205(3)
9.3 Forming
208(3)
9.3.1 Forging
208(2)
9.3.2 Extrusion
210(1)
9.3.3 Stamping
210(1)
9.4 Polymer Processes
211(1)
9.5 Powder Metallurgy
211(1)
9.6 Material Removal Processes
212(3)
9.7 Additive Manufacturing Processes
215(3)
9.8 Finishing, Assembly, and Testing
218(1)
9.8.1 Finishing
218(1)
9.8.2 Assembly
218(1)
9.8.3 Testing
219(1)
9.9 Closing Remarks
219(2)
References
220(1)
Index 221
Dr. Martin Herrera is a military engineer with experience in the field of weapon and ammunition development. After receiving his PhD in Materials Science and Engineering from the National School of Mines of Paris in France, he was the head of the Applied Research Center and Technology Development for the Mexican Military Industry (CIADTIM). He now researches the development of metallic alloys and composites at the Research Center for Advanced Materials (CIMAV) in Chihuahua, Mexico.

Dr. Adrian Zuñiga is a military engineer with wide experience in the field of weapon and ammunition development. He was a Researcher in the Applied Research Center and Technology Development for the Mexican Military Industry (CIADTIM) and is now a Major Industrial Engineer after serving 21 years in the Mexican army. He is also a member of the Dynamics and Control Systems research group in the Faculty of Engineering at the Autonomous University of Mexico State.
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