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E-raamat: Development of an Environmental Impact Assessment and Decision Support System for Seawater Desalination Plants [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

(UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands)
  • Formaat: 290 pages, 10 Illustrations, color; 40 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 11-May-2010
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9780429062285
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  • Taylor & Francis e-raamat
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Development of an Environmental Impact Assessment and Decision Support System for Seawater Desalination PlantsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 290 pages, 10 Illustrations, color; 40 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 11-May-2010
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9780429062285
Teised raamatud teemal:
Taylor & Francis e-raamatudRohkem infot Taylor & Francis e-raamatute kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780429062285

Seawater desalination is a coastal-based industry. The growing number of desalination plants worldwide and the increasing size of single facilities emphasises the need for greener desalination technologies and more sustainable desalination projects. Two complementing approaches are the development and implementation of best available technology (BAT) standards and best practice guidelines for environmental impact assessment (EIA) studies. While BAT is a technology-based approach, which favours state of the art technologies that reduce resource consumption and waste emissions, EIA aims at minimizing impacts at a site- and project-specific level through environmental monitoring, evaluation of impacts, and mitigation where necessary. This book contains a comprehensive evaluation and synthesis of the potential environmental impacts of desalination plants, with emphasis on the marine environment and aspects of energy use, followed by the development of strategies for impact mitigating. A concept for BAT for seawater desalination technologies is proposed, in combination with a methodological approach for the EIA of desalination projects. The scope of the EIA studies are outlined, including environmental monitoring, toxicity and hydrodynamic modelling studies, and the usefulness of multi-criteria analysis as a decision support tool for EIAs is explored and used to compare different intake and pretreatment options for seawater reverse osmosis plants.

Preamble
1(4)
Problem setting
2(1)
Research objectives
2(1)
Research context
3(1)
Thesis outline
4(1)
I Potential environmental impacts of seawater desalination
5(142)
1 Global desalination situation
7(14)
1.1 Introduction
7(1)
1.2 Historical development
8(1)
1.3 Globally installed desalination capacity
9(1)
1.4 Regionally installed desalination capacities
10(8)
1.4.1 The Gulf
13(1)
1.4.2 The Red Sea
13(4)
1.4.3 The Mediterranean Sea
17(1)
1.4.4 Other sea regions
17(1)
1.5 Summary and conclusions
18(3)
2 Seawater desalination processes
21(36)
2.1 Introduction
21(1)
2.2 Seawater intakes
21(4)
2.3 Desalination processes
25(27)
2.3.1 Reverse osmosis
25(14)
2.3.2 Integrated membrane systems (IMS)
39(5)
2.3.3 Distillation
44(2)
2.3.4 Energy use
46(4)
2.3.5 Water use
50(1)
2.3.6 Material use
51(1)
2.4 Outfalls
52(5)
3 Marine environmental impacts
57(34)
3.1 Introduction
57(1)
3.2 Seawater intakes
57(2)
3.3 Waste water disposal
59(23)
3.3.1 Salinity, temperature and density
59(5)
3.3.2 Residual biocides
64(7)
3.3.3 Coagulants
71(4)
3.3.4 Antiscalants
75(1)
3.3.5 Metals
76(1)
3.3.6 Cleaning chemicals
77(5)
3.4 Potential cumulative impacts on sea regions
82(7)
3.4.1 The Gulf
82(2)
3.4.2 The Red Sea
84(4)
3.4.3 The Mediterranean Sea
88(1)
3.5 Summary and conclusions
89(2)
4 Air quality impacts
91(12)
4.1 Introduction
91(1)
4.2 Energy demand in perspective
91(3)
4.3 Emissions into the atmosphere
94(5)
4.4 Other environmental impacts associated with energy use
99(1)
4.5 Summary and conclusions
99(4)
5 Summary and evaluation of impacts
103(20)
5.1 Introduction
103(1)
5.2 Ecological risk assessment
103(17)
5.2.1 Risk matrix
104(1)
5.2.2 Risk characterization
104(16)
5.3 Results and conclusions
120(3)
6 Impact mitigation measures
123(24)
6.1 Introduction
123(1)
6.2 The concept of green technology
124(1)
6.3 The concept of best available techniques (BAT)
125(1)
6.4 BAT approach for seawater desalination plants
126(13)
6.4.1 Intakes
127(2)
6.4.2 Pretreatment
129(4)
6.4.3 Cleaning and maintenance
133(1)
6.4.4 Desalination process
134(4)
6.4.5 Disposal of the concentrate
138(1)
6.5 Site selection
139(3)
6.6 Summary and conclusions
142(5)
II Environmental impact assessment (EIA)
147(78)
7 Concept and methodology
149(14)
7.1 Introduction
149(1)
7.2 EIA approach
150(10)
7.3 General considerations for EIA studies
160(1)
7.4 Summary and conclusions
161(2)
8 Marine environmental monitoring
163(20)
8.1 Introduction
163(1)
8.2 The principles of environmental monitoring
164(3)
8.3 Marine monitoring framework for desalination plants
167(10)
8.3.1 Preliminary studies
167(1)
8.3.2 Baseline and effects monitoring studies
168(5)
8.3.3 Compliance monitoring (indicator approach)
173(1)
8.3.4 Modeling studies
174(1)
8.3.5 Bioassay studies
175(2)
8.4 Assessment of data
177(3)
8.5 Summary and conclusions
180(3)
9 Multi-criteria analysis (MCA) as a decision support system (DSS) in EIA
183(42)
9.1 Introduction
183(1)
9.2 Multi-criteria analysis
184(8)
9.2.1 Pros and cons
184(2)
9.2.2 The role of MCA in EIAs
186(1)
9.2.3 MCA procedure
186(6)
9.3 Methodology and data input
192(6)
9.3.1 Problem definition
192(6)
9.3.2 Input data
198(1)
9.4 MCA results
198(19)
9.4.1 Graphical evaluation
198(3)
9.4.2 Standardization
201(1)
9.4.3 Weights
202(3)
9.4.4 MCA models
205(1)
9.4.5 Ranking
205(1)
9.4.6 Sensitivity analysis
205(4)
9.4.7 Revised scenarios
209(8)
9.5 Summary and conclusions
217(8)
III General conclusions and recommendations
225(16)
10 Summary, conclusions and recommendations
227(14)
10.1 Environmental impacts and measures for impact mitigation
227(6)
10.2 EIA and DSS
233(3)
10.3 Final remarks
236(5)
Appendices 241(1)
Executive summary 241(2)
Samenvatting 243(4)
Bibliography 247(20)
List of abbreviations 267(2)
Curriculum vitae 269(2)
List of publications and presentations 271(4)
Acknowledgements 275
Sabine Latteman, Diplom Marine Umweltwissenschaftlerin, Salzgitter, Germany.
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