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E-raamat: Dewatering, Desalting, and Distillation in Petroleum Refining [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

(CD&W Inc., Laramie, Wyoming, USA)
  • Formaat: 258 pages, 27 Line drawings, black and white; 27 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sari: Petroleum Refining Technology Series
  • Ilmumisaeg: 20-Dec-2022
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781003184959
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  • Taylor & Francis e-raamat
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Dewatering, Desalting, and Distillation in Petroleum RefiningSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 258 pages, 27 Line drawings, black and white; 27 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sari: Petroleum Refining Technology Series
  • Ilmumisaeg: 20-Dec-2022
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781003184959
Teised raamatud teemal:
Taylor & Francis e-raamatudRohkem infot Taylor & Francis e-raamatute kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003184959
This book presents a detailed and practical description of various processes dewatering, desalting, and distillation that prepare refinery feedstocks for different conversion processes they will go through. Relevant process data are provided, and process operations are fully described. This accessible guide is written for managers, professionals, and technicians as well as graduate students transitioning into the refining industry.

Key Features:

Describes feedstock evaluation and the effects of elemental, chemical, and fractional composition.

Details the equipment and components and possible impacts due to composition.

Explores the process options and parameters involved in dewatering, desalting, and distillation.

Considers next-generation processes and developments.
Preface ix
Author xi
Chapter 1 Refinery Operations
1(46)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Refinery Configuration
2(4)
1.2.1 The Topping Refinery
4(1)
1.2.2 The Hydroskimming Refinery
5(1)
1.2.3 The Conversion Refinery
5(1)
1.3 Refinery Feedstocks
6(14)
1.3.1 Conventional Crude Oil
7(2)
1.3.2 Foamy Oil
9(1)
1.3.3 High-Acid Crude Oil
10(1)
1.3.4 Opportunity Crude Oil
11(2)
1.3.5 Tight Oil
13(1)
1.3.6 Heavy Crude Oil
13(2)
1.3.7 Extra Heavy Crude Oil
15(1)
1.3.8 Tar Sand Bitumen
16(2)
1.3.9 Alternate Terminology
18(2)
1.4 Alternate Feedstocks
20(7)
1.4.1 Coal Liquids
20(1)
1.4.2 Shale Oil
21(2)
1.4.3 Bio-oil
23(4)
1.5 Feedstock Evaluation
27(13)
1.5.1 Crude Oil Assay
27(1)
1.5.2 Elemental Composition
28(1)
1.5.3 Chemical Composition
29(3)
1.5.4 Fractional Composition Using Solvents
32(1)
1.5.4.1 Asphaltene Separation
32(2)
1.5.4.2 Fractionation
34(1)
1.5.4.3 Adsorption Methods
34(1)
1.5.4.4 General Methods
34(1)
1.5.4.5 USBM-API and SARA Methods
35(1)
1.5.4.6 ASTM Methods
36(1)
1.5.5 Fractionation by Distillation
36(1)
1.5.5.1 Gases and Naphtha
37(1)
1.5.5.2 Middle Distillates
37(2)
1.5.5.3 Vacuum Residua
39(1)
1.6 Potential for Corrosion and Fouling of Equipment
40(7)
References
42(5)
Chapter 2 Dewatering and Desalting
47(32)
2.1 Introduction
47(4)
2.2 Dewatering
51(4)
2.2.1 Process Description
53(1)
2.2.2 Equipment
54(1)
2.3 Desalting
55(15)
2.3.1 Process Description
60(6)
2.3.2 Equipment
66(4)
2.4 Process Options for Heavy Feedstocks
70(3)
2.5 Potential for Corrosion and Fouling of Equipment
73(6)
References
77(2)
Chapter 3 Feedstock Blending
79(32)
3.1 Introduction
79(1)
3.2 Blending
80(5)
3.2.1 Process Description
81(2)
3.2.2 Equipment
83(2)
3.3 Incompatibility and Instability of Blends
85(9)
3.4 Factors Affecting Incompatibility of Blends
94(6)
3.4.1 Acidity
95(1)
3.4.2 Asphaltene Content
96(1)
3.4.3 Density/Specific Gravity
97(1)
3.4.4 Elemental Composition
98(1)
3.4.5 Metals Content
98(1)
3.4.6 Pour Point
99(1)
3.4.7 Viscosity
99(1)
3.4.8 Volatility
99(1)
3.4.9 Water Content, Salt Content, and Bottom Sediment and Water
99(1)
3.5 Determining Incompatibility of Blends
100(5)
3.6 Potential for Corrosion and Fouling of Equipment
105(6)
References
107(4)
Chapter 4 Distillation
111(44)
4.1 Introduction
111(2)
4.2 Feedstock Evaluation
113(3)
4.3 Distillation
116(18)
4.3.1 Distillation at Atmospheric Pressure
122(5)
4.3.2 Distillation at Reduced Pressure
127(7)
4.4 Distillation Towers
134(4)
4.4.1 Tray Tower
136(2)
4.4.2 Packed Tower
138(1)
4.5 Process Options for Heavy Feedstocks
138(2)
4.6 Potential for Corrosion and Fouling of Equipment
140(8)
4.7 The Future
148(7)
References
151(4)
Chapter 5 Ancillary Distillation Processes
155(22)
5.1 Introduction
155(4)
5.2 Ancillary Processes
159(16)
5.2.1 Azeotropic Distillation
160(3)
5.2.2 Batch Distillation
163(1)
5.2.3 Extractive Distillation
164(3)
5.2.4 Flash Vaporization
167(1)
5.2.5 Pressure-Swing Distillation
168(1)
5.2.6 Reactive Distillation
169(1)
5.2.7 Rerunning
170(1)
5.2.8 Steam Distillation
170(1)
5.2.9 Stripping
171(1)
5.2.10 Stabilization and Light Ends Removal
172(2)
5.2.11 Superfractionation
174(1)
5.3 Potential for Corrosion and Fouling of Equipment
175(2)
References
175(2)
Chapter 6 Importance in the Refinery
177(32)
6.1 Introduction
177(1)
6.2 Dewatering and Desalting
178(4)
6.3 Corrosion and Fouling
182(11)
6.3.1 Corrosion
183(6)
6.3.2 Fouling
189(4)
6.4 Types of Corrosion and Fouling
193(8)
6.4.1 Acidic Corrosion
194(3)
6.4.2 Carbon Dioxide Corrosion
197(1)
6.4.3 Carburization
197(1)
6.4.4 Cooling Water Corrosion
198(1)
6.4.5 Crude Oil Quality
198(1)
6.4.6 Temperature-Dependent Corrosion
199(1)
6.4.6.1 Low-Temperature Corrosion
199(1)
6.4.6.2 High-Temperature Corrosion
199(1)
6.4.7 Sulfidic Corrosion
200(1)
6.5 Corrosion and Fouling Management
201(8)
References
204(5)
Glossary 209(48)
Index 257
Dr. James G. Speight has doctorate degrees in Chemistry, Geological Sciences, and Petroleum Engineering and is the author of more than 75 books in petroleum science, petroleum engineering, and environmental sciences. He has more than fifty years of experience in areas associated with the properties, recovery, and refining of reservoir fluids, conventional petroleum, heavy oil, and tar sand bitumen, the properties and refining of natural gas, gaseous fuels, the production and properties of petrochemicals, and the properties and refining of biomass, biofuels, biogas, and the generation of bioenergy. His work has also focused on safety issues, environmental effects, remediation, and safety issues as well as reactors associated with the production and use of fuels and biofuels. He is the author of more than 70 books in petroleum science, petroleum engineering, biomass and biofuels, environmental sciences.

Although he has always worked in private industry which focused on contract-based work, he has served as Adjunct Professor in the Department of Chemical and Fuels Engineering at the University of Utah and in the Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Petroleum Engineering at the University of Wyoming. In addition, he was a Visiting Professor in the College of Science, University of Mosul, Iraq and has also been a Visiting Professor in Chemical Engineering at the following universities: University of Missouri-Columbia, the Technical University of Denmark, and the University of Trinidad and Tobago.

Dr. Speight was elected to the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1996 and awarded the Gold Medal of Honor that same year for outstanding contributions to the field of petroleum sciences. He has also received the Scientists without Borders Medal of Honor of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In 2001, the Academy also awarded Dr. Speight the Einstein Medal for outstanding contributions and service in the field of Geological Sciences.
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