Muutke küpsiste eelistusi

E-raamat: Digital Video Transcoding for Transmission and Storage [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

(Mitsubishi Electric Research Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA), (Broadcom Corporation, San Diego, California, USA), (National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan)
  • Formaat: 456 pages, 47 Tables, black and white; 221 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 28-Dec-2004
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-13: 9781315219233
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Taylor & Francis e-raamat
  • Hind: 230,81 €*
  • * hind, mis tagab piiramatu üheaegsete kasutajate arvuga ligipääsu piiramatuks ajaks
  • Tavahind: 329,73 €
  • Säästad 30%
Digital Video Transcoding for Transmission and StorageSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 456 pages, 47 Tables, black and white; 221 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 28-Dec-2004
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-13: 9781315219233
Teised raamatud teemal:
Taylor & Francis e-raamatudRohkem infot Taylor & Francis e-raamatute kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315219233
Professionals in the video and multimedia industries need a book that explains industry standards for video coding and how to convert the compressed information between standards. Digital Video Transcoding for Transmission and Storage answers this demand while also supplying the theories and principles of video compression and transcoding technologies. Emphasizing digital video transcoding techniques, this book summarizes its content via examples of practical methods for transcoder implementation. It relates almost all of its featured transcoding technologies to practical applications.

This volume takes a structured approach, starting with basic video transcoding concepts and progressing toward the most sophisticated systems. It summarizes material from research papers, lectures, and presentations. Organized into four parts, the text first provides the background of video coding theory, principles of video transmission, and video coding standards. The second part includes three chapters that explain the theory of video transcoding and practical problems. The third part explores buffer management, packet scheduling, and encryption in the transcoding. The book concludes by describing the application of transcoding, universal multimedia access with the emerging MPEG-21 standard, and the end-to-end test bed.
Chapter 1 Fundamental of Digital Video Compressions 1(32)
1.1 Fundamentals of Information Theory
2(4)
1.1.1 Entropy
2(2)
1.1.2 Properties of Block Codes
4(2)
1.2 Variable Length Code
6(5)
1.2.1 Huffman Coding
7(1)
1.2.2 Golomb Code
8(1)
1.2.3 Arithmetic Code
9(2)
1.3 Fundamentals of the Human Visual System
11(1)
1.3.1 Color Space Conversion and Spectral Redundancy
11(1)
1.4 Video Coding Fundamentals
12(4)
1.4.1 Intrinsic Redundancy of Video Source
13(1)
1.4.2 Temporal Redundancy
14(2)
1.4.3 Spatial Redundancy
16(1)
1.5 Block-Based Transform
16(4)
1.5.1 Karhunen-Loeve Transform
17(1)
1.5.2 Discrete Cosine Transform
18(1)
1.5.3 Fast Discrete Cosine Transform Algorithms
18(1)
1.5.4 Integer Discrete Cosine Transform
18(1)
1.5.5 Adaptive Block Size Transform
19(1)
1.6 Frame-Based Transform
20(7)
1.6.1 Subband Decomposition
20(1)
1.6.2 Discrete Wavelet Transform
21(2)
1.6.3 Embedded Zerotree Wavelet
23(2)
1.6.4 Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT)
25(1)
1.6.5 Temporal Subband Decomposition
26(1)
1.7 Summary
27(2)
1.8 Exercises
29(1)
References
29(4)
Chapter 2 Digital Video Coding Standards 33(66)
2.1 Introduction
33(1)
2.2 General Principles of Digital Video Coding Standards
34(2)
2.2.1 Basic Principles of Video Coding Standards
34(2)
2.2.2 General Procedure of Encoding and Decoding
36(1)
2.3 Basic Tools for Digital Video Coding Standards
36(17)
2.3.1 Tools for Removing Spatial Redundancy
37(7)
2.3.1.1 Block Transformation
37(3)
2.3.1.2 Quantization
40(1)
2.3.1.3 DC and AC Prediction
41(2)
2.3.1.4 Intra Frame Coding with Directional Spatial Prediction
43(1)
2.3.2 Tools for Removing Temporal Redundancy
44(3)
2.3.2.1 Motion-Compensated Predictive Coding
44(1)
2.3.2.2 Structure for Different Frame Types
45(2)
2.3.3 Tools for Removing Statistical Redundancy, Variable Length Coding (VLC)
47(6)
2.3.3.1 Huffman Coding
48(1)
2.3.3.2 Arithmetic Coding
49(2)
2.3.3.3 Content-Based Arithmetic Encoding (CAE) for Binary Shape Coding
51(2)
2.4 Enhancement Tools for Improving Functionality and Coding Efficiency
53(13)
2.4.1 Tools for Increasing Functionality
53(5)
2.4.1.1 Object-Based Coding
53(1)
2.4.1.2 Scalability
54(3)
2.4.1.3 Tools for Error Resilience
57(1)
2.4.2 Tools for Increasing Coding Efficiency
58(8)
2.4.2.1 Interlace Video
58(1)
2.4.2.2 Adaptive Block Size Motion Compensation
59(1)
2.4.2.3 Motion Compensation with Multiple References
60(1)
2.4.2.4 Sprite Coding
61(4)
2.4.2.5 Global Motion Compensation
65(1)
2.4.2.6 Shape-Adaptive DCT
66(1)
2.5 Brief Summary of Video Coding Standards
66(14)
2.5.1 Summary of ISO/IEC Standards of Image and Video Coding
67(7)
2.5.1.1 JPEG
67(1)
2.5.1.2 JPEG-2000
68(3)
2.5.1.3 MPEG-1
71(1)
2.5.1.4 MPEG-2
72(1)
2.5.1.5 MPEG-4
73(1)
2.5.2 ITU-T Standards
74(3)
2.5.2.1 H.261
74(1)
2.5.2.2 H.263
75(2)
2.5.3 MPEG/ITU Jointly Developed H.264/AVC
77(3)
2.6 Video Compression Encoding Technologies
80(15)
2.6.1 Pre-Processing
81(1)
2.6.2 Motion Estimation
81(2)
2.6.3 Mode Decision and Rate-Distortion Optimization
83(4)
2.6.4 Rate Control Algorithms
87(12)
2.6.4.1 MPEG-2 Rate Control
87(3)
2.6.4.2 MPEG-4 Rate Control
90(1)
2.6.4.3 H.264/AVC Rate Control
90(5)
2.7 Summary
95(1)
2.8 Exercises
95(1)
References
96(3)
Chapter 3 Video Transcoding Algorithms and Systems Architecture 99(32)
3.1 General Concepts for the Transcoder
99(6)
3.1.1 Transcoder for SDTV to HDTV Migration
99(1)
3.1.2 Multi-Format and Compatible Receiver and Recorder
99(1)
3.1.3 Transcoder for Broadcasting and Statistical Multiplexing
100(1)
3.1.4 Multimedia Server for Communications Using MPEG-7
101(1)
3.1.5 Universal Multimedia Access
101(2)
3.1.6 Watermarking, Logo Insertion and Picture-in-Picture
103(1)
3.1.7 Studio Applications
104(1)
3.2 Transcoder for Bit Rate and Quality Adaptation
105(8)
3.2.1 Cascaded Transcoder
105(6)
3.2.1.1 Architecture 1: Truncation of the High Frequency Coefficients
107(1)
3.2.1.2 Architecture 2: Re-quantizing the DCT Frequency Coefficients
108(1)
3.2.1.3 Architecture 3: Re-Encoding with Old Motion Vectors and Mode Decisions
108(1)
3.2.1.4 Architecture 4: Re-Encoding with Old Motion Vectors
108(1)
3.2.1.5 Summary and Experimental Results
109(1)
3.2.1.6 Optimized Spatial Domain Transcoder
110(1)
3.2.2 Frequency Domain Transcoder
111(2)
3.3 Fine Granularity Scalability
113(4)
3.3.1 MPEG-4 FGS
113(2)
3.3.2 Advanced FGS
115(2)
3.4 FGS to MPEG-4 Simple Profile Transcoding
117(10)
3.4.1 Application Scenario for an FGS-to-SP Transcoding
118(1)
3.4.2 Architectures for an FGS-to-SP Transcoding
119(4)
3.4.2.1 Rate Control for Transcoding
121(2)
3.4.3 Experimental Results
123(9)
3.4.3.1 Static Test without Rate Control
123(1)
3.4.3.2 Static Test with Rate Control
123(2)
3.4.3.3 Dynamic Test Using the MPEG-21 Multimedia Test Bed
125(2)
3.5 Summary
127(1)
3.6 Exercises
128(1)
References
128(3)
Chapter 4 Topics on Optimization of Transcoding Performance 131(34)
4.1 Introduction
131(1)
4.2 Reduced Spatial Resolution Transcoder
132(10)
4.2.1 Spatial Downscaling in the Compressed Domain
133(2)
4.2.2 Motion Vector Adaptation
135(1)
4.2.3 Spatial Domain Reduced Spatial Resolution Architectures
136(6)
4.2.3.1 Reduced Spatial Resolution Architectures l
136(1)
4.2.3.2 Reduced Spatial Resolution Architectures 2
136(2)
4.2.3.3 Reduced Spatial Resolution Architectures 3
138(1)
4.2.3.4 Reduced Spatial Resolution Architectures 4
139(1)
4.2.3.5 Reduced Spatial Resolution Architectures 5
139(1)
4.2.3.6 Reduced Spatial Resolution Architectures 6
140(1)
4.2.3.7 Complexity and Performance Analysis
140(1)
4.2.3.8 Frequency Domain Reduced Spatial Resolution Architectures
141(1)
4.3 Temporal Resolution Adaptation
142(4)
4.3.1 Motion Vector Refinement
143(2)
4.3.2 Requantization
145(1)
4.3.3 Transcoding for Fast Forward/Reverse Playback
145(1)
4.4 Syntactical Adaptation
146(3)
4.4.1 JPEG/MPEG-2 to MPEG-1 and DV to MPEG-2 Transcoding
146(1)
4.4.2 MPEG-2 to MPEG-4 Transcoding
147(1)
4.4.3 MPEG-4 FGS Transcoding
148(1)
4.5 Error-Resilient Transcoding
149(1)
4.6 Logo Insertion and Watermarking
149(3)
4.7 Quality Improvement
152(1)
4.8 Switched Picture
152(3)
4.8.1 Bit Stream Switching
153(1)
4.8.2 Splicing and Random Access
153(1)
4.8.3 Error Resilience
154(1)
4.8.4 SP-Frame Encoding
154(1)
4.9 H.264/AVC Picture-in-Picture Transcoding
155(5)
4.9.1 PIP Cascaded Transcoder Architecture
156(1)
4.9.2 Partial Re-encoding Transcoder Architecture (PRETA)
157(8)
4.9.2.1 Intra-Mode Refinement
157(1)
4.9.2.2 Inter-Mode Refinement
158(1)
4.9.2.3 Simulation Results
159(1)
4.10 Transcoding for Statistical Multiplexing
160(1)
4.11 Summary
161(1)
4.12 Exercises
161(1)
References
161(4)
Chapter 5 Video Transport Transcoding 165(28)
5.1 Overview of MPEG-2 System
165(4)
5.1.1 Introduction
165(1)
5.1.2 Transport Stream and Program Stream
166(1)
5.1.3 Transport Stream Coding Structure and Parameters
167(2)
5.1.4 Program Stream Coding Structure and Parameters
169(1)
5.2 MPEG-2 System Layer Transcoding
169(4)
5.2.1 Transcoding features of Transport Stream
169(3)
5.2.2 Transcoding between Transport Stream and Program Stream
172(1)
5.3 Transcoding between CBR and VBR
173(14)
5.3.1 CBR Video Coding Algorithm
173(3)
5.3.2 VBR Video Coding Algorithm
176(6)
5.3.2.1 General Principle of VBR Coding
176(2)
5.3.2.2 Two-Pass VBR Coding Algorithms
178(4)
5.3.3 Comparison of CBR and VBR
182(1)
5.3.4 An Example of Transcoding between Transport Stream and Program Stream
183(4)
5.4 Transport of VBR Streams over Constant Bandwidth Channel
187(3)
5.4.1 Simple Multiplexer with VBR Streams
187(1)
5.4.2 Multiple VBR Streams for Open-Loop Intelligent Multiplexer
188(1)
5.4.3 Multiple VBR Streams for Closed-Loop Intelligent Multiplexer
189(1)
5.5 Summary
190(1)
5.6 Exercises
190(1)
References
190(3)
Chapter 6 System Clock Recovery and Time Stamping 193(34)
6.1 Basics on Video Synchronization
193(3)
6.2 System Clock Recovery
196(9)
6.2.1 Requirements on Video System Clock
196(1)
6.2.2 MPEG-2 Systems Timing Model
197(2)
6.2.3 Decoder STC Synchronization
199(5)
6.2.4 Required Decoder Buffer Size for Video Synchronization
204(1)
6.3 Video Decoding and Presentation Time Stamps
205(16)
6.3.1 Background
205(4)
6.3.2 Computation of MPEG-2 Video PTS and DTS
209(12)
6.4 Summary
221(1)
6.5 Exercises
222(2)
References
224(3)
Chapter 7 Transcoder Video Buffer And Hypothetical Reference Decoder 227(34)
7.1 Video Buffer Management
227(2)
7.2 Conditions for Preventing Decoder Buffer Underflow and Overflow
229(3)
7.3 Hypothetical Reference Decoder
232(11)
7.3.1 Background
232(1)
7.3.2 H.261 and H.263 HRDs
232(1)
7.3.3 MPEG-2 Video Buffering Verifier (VBV)
232(4)
7.3.4 MPEG-4 Video Buffering Verifier
236(4)
7.3.5 Comparison between MPEG-2 VBV and MPEG-4 VBV
240(1)
7.3.6 HRD in H.264/MPEG-4 AVC
240(3)
7.3.6.1 Operation of the CAT-LB HRD
241(1)
7.3.6.2 Low-Delay Operation
242(1)
7.3.6.3 Stream Constraints
242(1)
7.3.6.4 Underflow
242(1)
7.3.6.5 Overflow
242(1)
7.4 Buffer Analysis of Video Transcoders
243(12)
7.4.1 Background
243(3)
7.4.2 Buffer Dynamics of Video Transcoders
246(1)
7.4.3 Buffer Dynamics of the Encoder-Decoder Only System
246(3)
7.4.4 Transcoder with a Fixed Compression Ratio
249(6)
7.5 Regenerating Time Stamps in Transcoder
255(2)
7.6 Summary
257(1)
7.7 Exercises
257(1)
References
258(3)
Chapter 8 Cryptography and Conditional Access for Video Transport Systems 261(50)
8.1 Basic Terminology and Concepts
261(5)
8.1.1 Functions (One-to-One, One-Way, Trapdoor One-Way)
262(1)
8.1.2 Basic Concepts of Encryption and Decryption
263(3)
8.2 Symmetric-Key Ciphers
266(6)
8.2.1 Substitution and Permutation Ciphers
267(2)
8.2.2 Product Cipher System
269(2)
8.2.3 Stream Cipher and the Key Space
271(1)
8.3 Data Encryption Standard
272(8)
8.3.1 Key Scheduling
273(2)
8.3.2 Input Data Preparation
275(1)
8.3.3 The Core DES Function
276(4)
8.4 Modes of Operation
280(4)
8.5 Cascade Cipher and Multiple Encryption
284(4)
8.6 Public-Key Ciphers
288(7)
8.6.1 RSA Public-Key Encryption
289(2)
8.6.2 Diffie-Hellman Key Agreement
291(2)
8.6.3 Authentication
293(2)
8.7 Conditional Access
295(11)
8.7.1 Functions of Conditional Access System
296(1)
8.7.2 Configuration of a Conditional Access System
297(7)
8.7.3 Termination of Short Blocks in Block Cipher for Transport Packets
304(1)
8.7.4 Multi-Hop Encryption
304(2)
8.8 Summary
306(1)
8.9 Exercises
306(1)
References
307(4)
Chapter 9 Application and Implementation of Video Transcoders 311(60)
9.1 MPEG-2 to MPEG-4 Transcoder
311(24)
9.1.1 Introduction
312(2)
9.1.2 Transcoding Architecture and Drift Error Analysis
314(4)
9.1.2.1 Reference Architecture
315(1)
9.1.2.2 Drift Error Analysis of Open-Loop Architecture
316(2)
9.1.3 Transcoding at Macroblock Layer
318(3)
9.1.3.1 Mixed Block Processing
318(1)
9.1.3.2 Motion Vector Mapping
319(1)
9.1.3.3 Texture Down-Sampling
320(1)
9.1.4 Architectures for Drift Compensation
321(10)
9.1.4.1 Drift Compensation in Reduced Resolution
322(1)
9.1.4.2 Drift Compensation in Original Resolution
323(1)
9.1.4.3 Partial-Encode Architecture
324(1)
9.1.4.4 Intra Refresh Architecture
325(1)
9.1.4.5 Experimental Results
326(5)
9.1.5 Motion Vector Refinement
331(2)
9.1.6 Motion Vector Re-Estimation and Residual Re-Estimation
333(1)
9.1.7 Summary of MPEG-2 to MPEG-4 Transcoder
334(1)
9.2 Error Resilience Video Transcoder
335(5)
9.2.1 Basic Concept of Error Resilience Transcoding
335(1)
9.2.2 Techniques for Spatial and Temporal Error Resilience Coding
336(2)
9.2.3 Error Resilience Transcoding Using AIR
338(2)
9.3 Object-Based Transcoding
340(27)
9.3.1 Background
341(1)
9.3.2 Object-Based Transcoding Framework and Strategies
342(3)
9.3.2.1 Object-Based Adaptive Transcoding System
343(1)
9.3.2.2 Strategies of Object-Based Transcoding
344(1)
9.3.3 Dynamic Programming Approach
345(4)
9.3.3.1 Texture Model for Rate Control
345(1)
9.3.3.2 QP Selections in the Transcoder
346(2)
9.3.3.3 Frameskip Analysis
348(1)
9.3.4 Meta-Data-Based Approach
349(4)
9.3.4.1 QP Selection
350(1)
9.3.4.2 Key Object Identification
350(1)
9.3.4.3 Variable Temporal Resolution
351(2)
9.3.5 Transcoding Architecture
353(2)
9.3.6 Simulation Results
355(11)
9.3.6.1 Bit Allocation among Objects
355(3)
9.3.6.2 Results with Key Object Identification
358(2)
9.3.6.3 Discussion of Shape Hints
360(3)
9.3.6.4 Results with Varying Temporal Resolution
363(3)
9.3.7 Concluding Remarks
366(1)
9.4 Summary
367(1)
9.5 Exercises
367(1)
References
368(3)
Chapter 10 Universal Multimedia Access Using MPEG-21 Digital Item Adaptation 371(20)
10.1 Introduction
371(1)
10.2 Overview of Universal Multimedia Access
372(2)
10.3 Overview of MPEG-21
374(9)
10.3.1 What is MPEG-21?
374(4)
10.3.2 Overview of Digital Item Adaptation
378(3)
10.3.3 Relation between DIA and Other Parts of MPEG-21
381(1)
10.3.4 Relation between Digital Item Adaptation and MPEG-7
382(1)
10.4 Resource Adaptation Engine
383(3)
10.4.1 Design Goals and Issues
383(1)
10.4.2 Transcoding Background
383(1)
10.4.3 Transcoding QoS
384(1)
10.4.4 Comparison between Transcoding and Scalable Coding
385(1)
10.5 Description Adaptation Engine
386(2)
10.5.1 Motivations and Goals
386(1)
10.5.2 Metadata Adaptation Hints
387(1)
10.6 Summary
388(1)
10.7 Exercise
388(1)
References
389(2)
Chapter 11 End-to-End Video Streaming and Transcoding System 391(24)
11.1 Elements of Video Streaming and Transcoding System
391(2)
11.2 MPEG-4 Over IP Networks
393(4)
11.2.1 MPEG-4 Protocol Layers
393(3)
11.2.2 Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Types
396(1)
11.2.3 Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP)
397(1)
11.3 MPEG-4 Over IP Test Bed
397(8)
11.3.1 FGS-Based Streaming Test Bed
398(4)
11.3.1.1 FGS-Based Video Content Server
398(3)
11.3.1.2 Video Clients
401(1)
11.3.2 Network Interface
402(2)
11.3.3 Network Simulator
404(1)
11.3.4 Experimental Results
405(1)
11.4 MPEG-4 Transcoding on the Test Bed
405(7)
11.4.1 Rate Control for a Transcoder
407(2)
11.4.2 Dynamic Test for a Transcoder
409(3)
11.5 Conclusions
412(1)
11.5.1 Acknowledgment
412(1)
11.6 Exercises
412(1)
References
413(2)
Index 415


Huifang Sun, Tihao Chiang, Xuemin Chen
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781315219233_pe.html
Märksõnad: