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E-raamat: Dried Fruits - Phytochemicals and Health Effects: Phytochemicals and Health Effects [Wiley Online]

Edited by (TÜBÝTAK Marmara Research Centre, Food Institute, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey), (Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland)
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Dried fruits serve as important healthful snack items around the world. They provide a concentrated form of fresh fruits, prepared by different drying techniques. With their unique combination of taste/aroma, essential nutrients, fibre, and phytochemicals or bioactive compounds, dried fruits are convenient for healthy eating and can bridge the gap between recommended intake of fruits and actual consumption. Dried fruits are nutritionally equivalent to fresh fruits, in smaller serving sizes, in the current dietary recommendations of various countries. Scientific evidence suggests that individuals who regularly consume generous amounts of dried fruits have lower rates of cardiovascular disease, obesity, various types of cancer, type-2 diabetes, and other chronic diseases. Dried fruits also have the advantage of being easy to store and distribute, available around the year, readily incorporated into other foods and recipes, and present a healthy alternative to salty or sugary snacks.

Dried Fruits: Phytochemicals and Health Effects is divided into three sections preceded by introductory chapters that provide an overview of dried fruits (their composition, phytochemicals and health applications) as well as the cancer chemopreventive effects of selected dried fruits (amla fruits or Indian gooseberries, avocados, berries, mangoes, mangosteens, persimmons, prunes, raisins, kiwi fruits, and other dried fruits). The first section covers the most popular dried berries (blackberries, blackcurrants, blueberries, cranberries, goji berries, mulberries, raspberries, and strawberries); the second section discusses non-tropical dried fruits (apples, apricots, cherries, citrus fruits, figs, nectarines, peaches, pears, prunes, and raisins); and the final section addresses tropical dried fruits (açai fruits, bananas, dates, guavas, papayas, mangoes, passion fruits, and pineapples).

Contributors to this volume are internationally renowned researchers who have provided a comprehensive account of the global perspectives of the issues relating to phytochemicals and health effects of dried fruits. The book will serve as a resource for those interested in the potential application of new developments in dried fruits&; nutraceuticals and functional foods. Biochemists, chemists, food scientists/technologists, nutritionists, and health professionals, from academia, government laboratories, and industry will benefit from this publication. Although this book is intended primarily as a reference book, it also summarises the current state of knowledge in key research areas and contains ideas for future work. In addition, it provides easy to read text suitable for teaching senior undergraduate and post-graduate students.

List of Contributors
xii
Preface xvii
1 Composition, phytochemicals, and beneficial health effects of dried fruits: an overview
1(18)
Cesarettin Alasalvar
Fereidoon Shahidi
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Compositional and nutritional characteristics of dried fruits
2(4)
1.3 Phytochemicals in dried fruits
6(7)
1.4 Beneficial health effects of dried fruits
13(1)
1.5 Commercial products and industrial applications of dried fruits
14(1)
1.6 Conclusions
14(5)
References
15(4)
2 Cancer chemopreventive effects of selected dried fruits
19(36)
Joydeb Kumar Kundu
Young-Joon Surh
2.1 Chemoprevention: an overview
19(1)
2.2 The promise of dried fruits in cancer prevention
19(2)
2.3 Dried fruits as a potential source of chemopreventive phytochemicals
21(1)
2.4 Biochemical basis of chemoprevention with dried fruits
21(3)
2.5 Chemopreventive properties of bioactive substances derived from selected dried fruits
24(15)
2.6 Conclusions
39(16)
Acknowledgments
40(1)
References
40(15)
PART 1 DRIED BERRIES
3 Phytochemicals and health benefits of blackberries and black currants
55(20)
Haiming Shi
Liangli (Lucy) Yu
3.1 Introduction
55(1)
3.2 Compositional and nutritional characteristics of blackberries and black currants
55(3)
3.3 Phytochemicals in blackberries and black currants
58(8)
3.4 Health benefits of blackberries and black currants
66(2)
3.5 Commercial products and industrial applications of blackberries and black currants
68(1)
3.6 Drying effects on antioxidant capacities and phenolics of blackberries and black currants
69(1)
3.7 Conclusions
70(5)
References
70(5)
4 Dried blueberries: the effects of processing on health-promoting compounds
75(26)
William L. Kerr
4.1 Introduction
75(1)
4.2 Varieties and composition
76(1)
4.3 Compositional and nutritional characteristics of blueberries
77(2)
4.4 Phytochemicals
79(4)
4.5 Health effects related to blueberries
83(5)
4.6 Effects of processing on blueberry components
88(6)
4.7 Conclusions
94(7)
References
94(7)
5 Functional characteristics of dried cranberries
101(32)
K.M. Schaich
5.1 Introduction
101(1)
5.2 Composition and nutritional characteristics of dried cranberry powder
102(11)
5.3 Natural antioxidants in dried cranberry powder
113(3)
5.4 Health effects of dried cranberry powders
116(7)
5.5 Food applications of dried cranberry powders
123(3)
5.6 Conclusions
126(7)
References
126(7)
6 Phytochemicals and health benefits of goji berries
133(12)
Ying Zhong
Fereidoon Shahidi
Marian Naczk
6.1 Introduction
133(1)
6.2 Functional components in goji berries
134(5)
6.3 Health benefits of goji berries
139(2)
6.4 Conclusions
141(4)
References
141(4)
7 Dried mulberries: phytochemicals and health effects
145(16)
Mine Gultekin Ozguven
Beraat Ozcelik
7.1 Introduction
145(1)
7.2 Drying of mulberries
146(1)
7.3 Compositional and nutritional characteristics of mulberries
146(2)
7.4 Phytochemicals in mulberries and their by-products
148(3)
7.5 Natural antioxidants in mulberries
151(2)
7.6 Health effects of mulberries
153(2)
7.7 Food application of mulberries and their by-products
155(1)
7.8 Conclusions
156(5)
References
157(4)
8 Dried raspberries: phytochemicals and health effects
161(14)
Esteban I. Mejia-Meza
Jaime A. Yanez
Neal M. Davies
Carter D. Clary
8.1 Introduction
161(1)
8.2 Dehydration of raspberries
161(1)
8.3 Phytochemicals in dried raspberries
162(7)
8.4 Antioxidants in dried raspberries
169(2)
8.5 Health benefits of dried raspberries
171(1)
8.6 Conclusions
172(3)
References
172(3)
9 Phytochemical antioxidants and health benefits of dried strawberries
175(17)
Rong Tsao
Hongyan Li
9.1 Introduction
175(1)
9.2 Phytochemicals
176(4)
9.3 Factors affecting phytochemicals
180(2)
9.4 Health benefits of strawberries
182(4)
9.5 Conclusions
186(6)
References
186(6)
10 Beneficial effects of dried berry fruits in human health and disease prevention
192(21)
Shirley Zafra-Stone
Manashi Bagchi
Debasis Bagchi
10.1 Introduction
192(1)
10.2 Antioxidant protection
193(1)
10.3 Cardiovascular health and metabolic syndrome
193(3)
10.4 Neuroprotection
196(1)
10.5 Anticancer activity
197(6)
10.6 Helicobacter pylori and inflammatory response
203(1)
10.7 Diabetes and vision
204(1)
10.8 Conclusions
205(8)
References
205(8)
PART 2 NONTROPICAL DRIED FRUITS
11 Phytochemicals and health benefits of dried apple snacks
213(13)
H.P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
Ajit P.K. Joshi
11.1 Introduction
213(1)
11.2 Food applications of dried apple snacks
213(1)
11.3 Effects of drying methods and vacuum impregnation (VI) on apple phytochemicals
214(3)
11.4 Antioxidant capacity of dried apple snacks
217(3)
11.5 Compositional and nutritional characteristics of dried apple snacks
220(2)
11.6 Health benefits of fresh and dried apples
222(1)
11.7 Conclusions
222(4)
References
223(3)
12 Phytochemicals and health benefits of dried apricots
226(17)
Neslihan Goncuoglu
Burce Atac Mogol
Vural Gokmen
12.1 Introduction
226(1)
12.2 Production
226(2)
12.3 Compositional and nutritional characteristics of dried apricots
228(1)
12.4 Phytochemicals in dried apricots
229(3)
12.5 Antioxidant activity of dried apricots
232(1)
12.6 Chemical changes during drying of apricots
233(1)
12.7 Effects of sulfur treatment on phytochemical content of apricots
234(2)
12.8 Health benefits of dried apricots
236(3)
12.9 Conclusions
239(4)
References
239(4)
13 Dried cherries: phytochemicals and health perspectives
243(15)
Letitia McCune
13.1 Introduction
243(1)
13.2 Production
243(1)
13.3 Methods of drying
244(1)
13.4 Nutritional characteristics
245(1)
13.5 Antioxidant phytochemicals
246(2)
13.6 Health benefits
248(5)
13.7 Conclusions
253(5)
References
253(5)
14 Dried citrus fruits: phytochemicals and health beneficial effects
258(26)
Tzou-Chi Huang
Chi-Tang Ho
14.1 Introduction
258(1)
14.2 Compositional and nutritional characteristics of citrus
259(1)
14.3 Phytochemicals in citrus
259(8)
14.4 Health effects of dried citrus peels
267(7)
14.5 Food application of citrus and their by-products
274(2)
14.6 Conclusions
276(8)
References
276(8)
15 Functional characteristics of dried figs
284(16)
Cesarettin Alasalvar
15.1 Introduction
284(1)
15.2 Compositional and nutritional characteristics of fresh and dried figs
284(4)
15.3 Phytochemicals in dried figs
288(8)
15.4 Health benefits of dried figs
296(1)
15.5 Conclusions
296(4)
References
297(3)
16 Drying nectarines: functional compounds and antioxidant potential
300(9)
Daniel Valero
Huertas Maria Diaz-Mula
Maria Serrano
16.1 Introduction
300(1)
16.2 How to dry nectarines
301(1)
16.3 Compositional and nutritional characteristics of dried nectarines
301(2)
16.4 Phytochemicals in dried nectarines
303(2)
16.5 Health benefits of dried nectarines
305(1)
16.6 Commercial products and industrial applications of dried nectarines
306(1)
16.7 Conclusions
306(3)
References
306(3)
17 Phytochemical composition and health aspects of peach products
309(16)
Emilio Alvarez-Parrilla
Laura A. de la Rosa
Gustavo A. Gonzalez-Aguilar
Jesus F. Ayala-Zavala
17.1 Introduction
309(1)
17.2 Compositional and nutritional changes of peaches during dehydration
310(2)
17.3 Phytochemicals in fresh and processed peaches
312(6)
17.4 Health effects of peaches
318(2)
17.5 Dry peaches and their by-products
320(1)
17.6 Conclusions
321(4)
Acknowledgments
321(1)
References
321(4)
18 Dried pears: phytochemicals and potential health effects
325(32)
Lisete Silva
Fereidoon Shahidi
Manuel A. Coimbra
18.1 Introduction
325(1)
18.2 Phytochemicals in pears
326(7)
18.3 Changes in phytochemical compounds during drying of pears
333(5)
18.4 Bioavailability and potential health effects
338(8)
18.5 Conclusions
346(11)
References
347(10)
19 Prunes: are they functional foods?
357(15)
Alessandra Del Caro
Antonio Piga
19.1 Introduction
357(1)
19.2 Compositional and nutritional characteristics of prunes
358(2)
19.3 Phytochemicals in prunes and their by-products
360(2)
19.4 Natural antioxidant in prunes
362(1)
19.5 Health effects of prunes
363(2)
19.6 Food application of prunes and their by-products
365(1)
19.7 Conclusions
366(6)
References
366(6)
20 Raisins: processing, phytochemicals, and health benefits
372(23)
Fereidoon Shahidi
Zhuliang Tan
20.1 Introduction
372(1)
20.2 Types of raisins
372(1)
20.3 Processing of raisins
373(3)
20.4 Composition of raisins
376(1)
20.5 Phytochemicals in raisins
377(7)
20.6 Bioactivities and health benefits of raisins
384(3)
20.7 Conclusions
387(8)
References
388(7)
PART 3 TROPICAL DRIED FRUITS
21 Acai fruits: potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory superfruits with potential health benefits
395(19)
Alexander G. Schauss
21.1 Introduction
395(1)
21.2 Compositional and nutrition characteristics of acai fruits
396(2)
21.3 Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of acai fruits
398(4)
21.4 Phytochemicals in acai fruits
402(4)
21.5 Processing of acai fruits for value-added products
406(2)
21.6 Conclusions
408(6)
References
409(5)
22 Bananas, dried bananas, and banana chips: nutritional characteristics, phytochemicals, and health effects
414(14)
Arianna Carughi
22.1 Introduction
414(1)
22.2 Production and consumption
414(1)
22.3 Dried bananas or banana figs
415(1)
22.4 Dried and fried banana chips (crisps)
416(1)
22.5 Nutritional content of bananas, dried bananas, and banana chips
416(5)
22.6 Phytochemicals in bananas and dried fruit products
421(2)
22.7 Potential health benefits of dried bananas
423(1)
22.8 Conclusions
424(4)
References
424(4)
23 Nutritional composition, phytochemicals, and health benefits of dates
428(16)
Cesarettin Alasalvar
Fereidoon Shahidi
23.1 Introduction
428(1)
23.2 Compositional and nutritional characteristics of fresh and dried dates
429(3)
23.3 Phytochemicals in fresh and dried dates
432(6)
23.4 Health benefits of dates
438(1)
23.5 Food application of dates, syrups, and their byproducts
439(1)
23.6 Conclusions
440(4)
References
440(4)
24 Neutraceutical properties of dried tropical fruits: guavas and papayas
444(13)
K. Nagendra Prasad
Azrina Azlan
Barakatun Nisak
Mohd Yusof
24.1 Introduction
444(1)
24.2 Guavas
445(4)
24.3 Papayas
449(4)
24.4 Conclusions
453(4)
Acknowledgments
453(1)
References
453(4)
25 Dried mangoes: phytochemicals, antioxidant properties, and health benefits
457(14)
Fouad Abdulrahman Hassan
Sadeq Hasan Al-Sheraji
Amin Ismail
25.1 Introduction
457(1)
25.2 Compositional and nutritional characteristics of dried mangoes
458(2)
25.3 Phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of dried mangoes
460(5)
25.4 Health benefits of dried mangoes
465(1)
25.5 Conclusions
466(5)
References
466(5)
26 Phytochemicals and health applications of dried passion and pineapple fruits
471(15)
Jian Sun
Li Li
Xiangrong You
Changbao Li
Zhichun Li
Fen Liao
26.1 Introduction
471(1)
26.2 Compositional and nutritional characteristics of dried passion and pineapple fruits
472(1)
26.3 Phytochemicals in dried passion and pineapple fruits
473(6)
26.4 Health benefits of dried passion and pineapple fruits
479(3)
26.5 Commercial products and industrial applications of dried passion and pineapple fruits
482(1)
26.6 Conclusions
482(4)
Acknowledgments
482(1)
References
483(3)
Index 486
Associate Professor Cesarettin Alasalvar, TÜBÝTAK Marmara Research Centre, Food Institute, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey

Professor Fereidoon Shahidi, Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St Johns, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada