In this study of corruption and cronyism in Hungary’s current political regime, Hungarian contributors in political science, sociology, and economics shed light on processes of political capture and institutionalized corruption since the election of Viktor Orban and his Fidesz party in 2010. Contributors chronicle the development of the authoritarian system, striving to understand how centralized power structures came to dominate all segments of social and economic life in such a short period of time. The book relies heavily on empirical data to make its points, analyzing public tenders, redistributions of state subsidies, and other administrative data, as well as government documents, case studies, and scandals uncovered by journalists. The first part of the book details the path from political party to political capture and institutionalized corruption during the period in Hungary, using a comparative perspective. Part 2 uncovers the financial aspects of the transformation of the Fidesz party into a centralized authoritarian system, presenting data on both welfare redistribution and project-based redistribution as well as cronyism, with special emphasis on the Meszaros group of companies. This part of the book also draws attention to the role of EU subsidies in shielding the Hungarian authoritarian system from external constraints and financing the projects and agendas of the elites. The book concludes with a summary of the book and discussion of open questions, plus an appendix of statistical tables showing connections between political and corporate elites. Annotation ©2022 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)
List of Figures
List of Tables
Preface
Maria Csanádi
Introduction
Maria Csanádi, Márton Ger, Mihály Laki, and István János Tóth
PART I. Metamomorphosis of a Party into a System
1. Paths to Political Capture and Institutionalized Corruption in Hungary,
20102021
Maria Csanádi
System evolutions in comparative perspective
Political-economic context of systemic evolution
From political dominance to political capture
Diffusion of political capture into autonomous national, local and
grass-roots institutions
Forced resource redeployment as instruments of self reproduction of the
evolving system
Politically selective resource distribution and those most privileged by
forced resource redeployment
The domestic and external factors of persistent self-reproduction during
evolution
Conclusions
PART II. Reproduction through Redistribution
2. Redistribution and Integration
Márton Ger and Imre Kovách
Introduction
Welfare redistribution, social integration and inequalities
Project-based redistribution
Recombinant redistribution
Conclusions
3. Cronyism in the Orbán Regime: An Empirical Analysis of Public Tenders,
20052020
István János Tóth and Miklós Hajdu
Introduction
Literature
Data and Indicators
The Orbán Regime and MGTS+ companies: descriptive statistics
Models and estimations
Conclusions
References
Annex
4. Political Connectedness in Hungarian State Capitalism: The Case of the
Fidesz-Connected Mészáros Group of Companies
Mihály Laki
Introduction
Methodology: data collection and processing
Fidesz-connected entrepreneurs on the list of the 100 wealthiest Hungarians
Regulatory and procurement advantages or favors
Lrincz Mészáros: family and business
Annex
Summary
Maria Csanádi
List of Authors
Bibliography
Subject Index
Name Index
Maria Csanádi is DSc in political science, scientific advisor, emerita at Institute of Economics of the Centre for Economic and Regional Studies in Hungary. Imre Kovách is DSc in sociology, Scientific advisor, Institute of Sociology CSS, professor, University of Debrecen, head of Sociology PhD program. Márton Gero is Assistant professor of sociology at the Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Social Sciences and a research fellow at the Centre for Social Sciences. Miklós Hajdu is MSc in survey statistics, assistant lecturer at the Corvinus University of Budapest. István János Tóth is a senior research fellow at the Institute of Economics of Centre for Economic and Regional Studies at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and managing director of Corruption Research Center Budapest (CRCB).
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