Acknowledgements |
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vii | |
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xiii | |
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xiii | |
Abbreviations and glossing conventions |
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xv | |
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1 | (12) |
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1 | (2) |
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1.2 Lexicalised agreement verbs: a new typological category |
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3 | (3) |
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1.3 Main themes of the book |
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6 | (2) |
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1.4 An introduction to the Mawng language |
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8 | (1) |
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1.5 Mawng data used in this book |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (3) |
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13 | (15) |
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13 | (1) |
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2.2 Idioms as constructions |
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14 | (3) |
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2.2.1 Idioms, idiomaticity and formulaicity: a note on terminology |
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14 | (2) |
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2.2.2 Idioms from a construction grammar perspective |
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16 | (1) |
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2.3 Nominal Classification |
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17 | (4) |
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2.4 Selectional restrictions |
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21 | (7) |
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2.4.1 The birth of selectional restrictions with generative syntax |
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22 | (3) |
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2.4.2 Selectional restrictions as presuppositions |
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25 | (3) |
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28 | (21) |
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28 | (4) |
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3.1.1 Pronominal prefixes |
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28 | (3) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (2) |
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3.2.1 Inflecting nominals |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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3.2.4 Other parts of speech |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (2) |
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3.4 Grammatical relations |
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36 | (8) |
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3.4.1 Primary evidence for argument structure: verbal cross-referencing |
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37 | (1) |
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3.4.2 Secondary evidence for argument structure 1: use of cardinal pronouns |
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38 | (1) |
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3.4.3 Secondary evidence for argument structure 2: control |
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39 | (5) |
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44 | (1) |
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3.6 The discourse status of verbal pronominal prefixes |
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45 | (4) |
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49 | (34) |
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49 | (1) |
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4.2 The place of Mawng gender within typologies of nominal classification |
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50 | (2) |
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4.3 Mawng gender: a static sketch |
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52 | (11) |
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4.3.1 Gender agreement morphology |
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52 | (3) |
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55 | (3) |
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4.3.3 Kinds of word-gender associations |
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58 | (5) |
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4.4 Departures from typical noun-gender associations in Mawng discourse |
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63 | (6) |
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4.4.1 Variation in the classification of entities depending on their human purpose |
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63 | (3) |
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4.4.2 Transformation of Dreamtime beings to landscape features in myth |
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66 | (3) |
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4.5 The importance of semantic domains in gender agreement: the use of Land gender to refer to speech and thought |
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69 | (3) |
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4.6 The discourse functions of semantically-based gender systems |
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72 | (2) |
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4.7 Similarities between the function of gender in Mawng and free classifiers in other Australian languages |
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74 | (7) |
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4.7.1 A brief overview of classifiers in Australian languages |
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74 | (4) |
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4.7.2 Cross-classification by classifiers and genders |
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78 | (3) |
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4.8 Conclusion: towards a usage-based typology of classification systems |
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81 | (2) |
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5 Restricted argument verbs: verbs with very narrow selectional restrictions |
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83 | (20) |
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83 | (2) |
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5.2 Selectional restrictions and their conventionalisation: a further look at - la `consume' |
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85 | (4) |
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5.3 Very narrow selectional restrictions: the verb - waraw `light (fire)' |
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89 | (3) |
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5.4 Restricted arguments and predicate-argument relations: - wukpa `(wind) blow' |
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92 | (2) |
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5.5 Further evidence that gender mediates selectional restrictions: the case of - atpi `understand' |
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94 | (4) |
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5.6 The boundary between restricted argument verbs and normal selectional restriction processes |
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98 | (2) |
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5.7 The development of restricted argument verbs into verbs with lexicalised agreement |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (2) |
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103 | (49) |
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103 | (4) |
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6.2 How to identify a lexicalised agreement verb |
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107 | (2) |
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6.3 How does verbal agreement become lexicalised? |
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109 | (4) |
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6.3.1 From transitive verb to an activity verb |
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109 | (2) |
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6.3.2 From noun-verb idiom to an activity verb |
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111 | (2) |
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6.4 Analysing the argument structure of lexicalised agreement verbs |
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113 | (4) |
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6.5 Verbs with lexicalised object agreement |
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117 | (12) |
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6.5.1 Motion and posture predicates |
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117 | (2) |
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119 | (5) |
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6.5.3 Communication predicates |
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124 | (3) |
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6.5.4 Complement-taking predicates with lexicalised object agreement |
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127 | (2) |
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6.6 Verbs with lexicalised transitive subject agreement |
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129 | (8) |
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6.6.1 Experiencer object predicates |
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130 | (6) |
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6.6.2 Other predicates with lexicalised transitive subject agreement |
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136 | (1) |
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6.7 All agreement lexicalised: atmospheric condition predicates |
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137 | (1) |
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6.8 Verbs with lexicalised intransitive subject agreement |
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138 | (10) |
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6.8.1 Two intransitive verbs with lexicalised agreement used for remembering |
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139 | (3) |
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6.8.2 Lexicalised intransitive subject agreement without dummy arguments |
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142 | (6) |
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148 | (4) |
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7 A typological perspective on Mawng verbs with non-canonical agreement |
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152 | (43) |
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152 | (1) |
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7.2 Lexicalised agreement around the world |
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153 | (19) |
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7.2.1 Languages of Northern Australia |
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154 | (4) |
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7.2.2 Languages elsewhere in the world |
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158 | (3) |
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7.2.3 Lexicalised agreement as an old feature of Iwaidjan languages: absolutive pseudo-arguments in Iwaidja |
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161 | (3) |
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7.2.4 Experiencer objects in other languages |
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164 | (8) |
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7.3 Classifier noun-incorporation and the use of verbal gender agreement in Mawng: some parallels |
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172 | (9) |
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7.3.1 Parallels between noun-incorporation and restricted argument verbs |
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173 | (5) |
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7.3.2 The development of lexicalised agreement from old noun-incorporations |
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178 | (3) |
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7.4 Towards a typology of verb-argument idioms |
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181 | (12) |
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7.4.1 The consequences of the differences in form of verb-argument idioms |
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182 | (1) |
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7.4.2 Differences in the degrees of formulaicity and expressivity across the three types of verb-argument idioms |
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183 | (1) |
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7.4.3 The prevalence of lexicalised agreement cross-linguistically: a survey |
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184 | (6) |
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7.4.4 Tracing the absolutive tendency among verb-argument idioms |
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190 | (3) |
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193 | (2) |
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8 Conclusions: towards a more dynamic understanding of nominal classification and its lexicalisation |
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195 | (14) |
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8.1 Introduction: the value of studies of nominal classification systems in use |
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195 | (1) |
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8.2 Questions discussed in this book |
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196 | (5) |
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8.2.1 What are nominal classification systems good for anyhow? |
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196 | (2) |
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8.2.2 What do selectional restrictions have to do with nominal classification? |
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198 | (1) |
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8.2.3 What is lexicalised agreement and what can it tell us about language that we do not already know? |
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199 | (2) |
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8.3 Questions for future work |
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201 | (6) |
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8.3.1 Does the presence of a semantically-based nominal classification system affect the structure of the lexicon? |
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201 | (3) |
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8.3.2 Bringing formulaic language into linguistic typology, language description and language documentation |
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204 | (3) |
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207 | (2) |
Bibliography |
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209 | (14) |
Appendix 1 Pronominal prefixes |
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223 | (2) |
Appendix 2 Wurakak `Crow' text |
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225 | (14) |
Appendix 3 Full typological sample |
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239 | (1) |
Appendix 4 Email for language experts |
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240 | (2) |
Appendix 5 List of all non-canonical verbs |
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242 | (14) |
Appendix 6 Sources of Mawng material |
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256 | (5) |
Author index |
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261 | (3) |
Subject index |
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264 | (3) |
Language index |
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267 | |