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Educating Second Language Teachers Teacher's Edition [Pehme köide]

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The series attracts single or co-authored volumes from authors researching at the cutting edge of this dynamic field of interdisciplinary enquiry. The titles range from books that make such developments accessible to the non-specialist reader to those which explore in depth their relevance for the way language is to be conceived as a subject, and how courses and classroom activities are to be designed. As such, these books not only extend the field of applied linguistics itself and lend an additional significance to its enquiries, but also provide an indispensable professional foundation for language pedagogy and its practice.



The scope of the series includes:

second language acquisition bilingualism and multi/plurilingualism language pedagogy and teacher education testing and assessment language planning and policy language internationalization technology-mediated communication discourse-, conversation-, and contrastive-analysis pragmatics stylistics lexicography translation

Arvustused

"A masterful account of the landscape of second language teacher education and the development of its theoretical assumptions and practices. It offers a unique and original conceptualization of the field and will be an invaluable resource for teachers, teacher educators and researchers." * Jack C. Richards, University of Sydney and University of Auckland * "[ an] extraordinary book... For anyone interested in teacher education this is a vital, compelling and provocative account of a lifetime's work." * Jeremy Harmer, Modern English Teacher * "Freeman discusses themes in language teacher education literature from the past few decades, all the while adapting his considerable experience as a scholar in this area... worth reading by anyone involved in language teacher training, research, or related policy... Freeman should be applauded for the ease of readability in the book... As with other books in the Oxford Applied Linguistics series, I anticipate that this book will find its place as a formative text in the field." * Applied Linguistics * "The depth and breadth of Freeman's knowledge and thinking coupled with personal accounts of 'growing up as a language teacher' have resulted in a book that will deepen our thinking about how and why we think and how we apply our thinking in designing teacher education programmes. The book prompts us to re-examine commonly held conceptualizations, practices, and policies in SLTE [ Second Language Teacher Education]... hopefully leading to better and fairer practice based on a theory grounded in descriptive rather than prescriptive understandings of educating language teachers." * RELC Journal * Donald Freeman is one of the leading thinkers in the field of second language teacher education... [ In] this volume... he uses his own penchant for categorization, and his remarkable skill at both seeing relationships and creating new relationships, to look with fresh eyes at... second language teaching, identifying what sets it apart from other kinds of teaching... As Jack Richards writes on the back cover of this volume, it is "a masterful account... and will be an invaluable resource for teachers, teacher educators and researchers." I couldn't agree more. * Teacher Trainer * "Educating Second Language Teachers is strongly supported by Freeman's vast experience in language teaching education... [ He] not only revises old notions, but he also provides a new design theory and poses central challenges in teaching languages, which will benefit all readers. While novice teachers will gain a complete and up-dated picture, experienced professionals will feel stimulated by the dynamic perspective on linguistic matters. Undoubtedly the book offers a solid foundation that will bolster the language preparation of new generations of language teachers." * Linguist List * "The several key texts by this author on language teacher education over the last quarter of a century have perhaps had more effect on teachers and teacher educators around the world than those by anyone else currently involved in the profession... extremely enlightening..." * EL Gazette * "Donald Freeman is one of three main scholars in the field of TESOL who have had a large influence on how I have come to understand the field. The book presents his perspective on his own journey and is illuminated with wonderful personal narratives that keep reminding us that 'teachers matter', although he does not use these words... It also presents us with a new doorway at the end of the journey, through which we are invited to enter Freeman's vision of the future of Second Language Teacher Education... Educating Second Language Teachers is a must-read as it more than helps to map out the terrain, and thus contributes to elaborating our understanding of teaching language teaching." * ELT Journal *

List of Figures and Tables
xix
PART ONE How people use what they know to do what they do in the language classroom
1(38)
Introduction to Part One
3(2)
1 Teaching (language) teaching
5(14)
The chapter argument
5(1)
Prescriptive proposals and descriptive understandings
6(5)
Teaching teaching: pronominal and nominal views
11(2)
The isomorphic relationship
13(3)
Social facts and thought collectives
16(2)
The chapter argument revisited
18(1)
2 The central challenges in second language teacher education
19(20)
The chapter argument
19(1)
The first challenge: language in the world and language in the classroom
20(1)
The language classroom---as microcosm or on ramp
21(3)
How classrooms make language content
24(5)
The second challenge: how classrooms (re)define language teaching
29(2)
Language classrooms and teachers' technical cultures
31(2)
The third challenge: how people learn to teach languages
33(1)
Language teaching identity
34(2)
The chapter argument revisited
36(3)
PART TWO Learning to be a language teacher
39(74)
Introduction to Part Two
41(2)
3 How people become language teachers: defining background knowledge
43(12)
The chapter argument
43(1)
Two views of background knowledge
43(1)
The `born expertise' position
43(2)
The `made over time' position
45(4)
ELT programs and the notion of `born expertise'
49(5)
Two theorizations of teacher learning
53
The chapter argument revisited
54(1)
4 Disciplinary transmission in second language teacher education
55(18)
The chapter argument
55(1)
Setting the terms---disciplinary hybrids
55(8)
Disciplinary communities and their vernaculars
63(1)
Putting the terms in circulation: a tale of two conferences
64(7)
The chapter argument revisited
71(2)
5 Learning-in-place: situating content and professional learning in language teacher education
73(20)
The chapter argument
73(3)
The dilemma of language as situated content
76(5)
The dilemma of situated learning in teacher preparation
81(12)
Pedagogical simplification
86
The chapter argument revisited
92
6 Socio-cultural views: understanding sense making and what travels in learning to teach languages
93(20)
The chapter argument
93(1)
Sense making
94(1)
How actions become meaningful and activity works as a system
95(8)
What travels
103(2)
Equipment, tools, and activity
105(3)
Levels of contradiction
108(4)
The chapter argument revisited
112(1)
PART THREE Core processes of second language teacher education
113(110)
Introduction to Part Three
115(4)
7 How teacher thinking got to be part of language teaching
119(28)
The chapter argument
119(1)
Generation zero: thinking as behaving
120(2)
The first generation: thinking methodologically
122(6)
The second generation: thinking synthetically
128(10)
The third generation: thinking heuristically
138(6)
The chapter argument revisited
144(3)
8 Four representations of teacher thinking
147(16)
The chapter argument
147(2)
Horizontal connections (within educational research)
149(5)
Idea 1 Decisions and decision-making
150(2)
Idea 2 teachers' thought processes
152(2)
Vertical connections (in language teaching)
154(6)
Idea 3 An ethno-cognitive model of teachers' decision-making
154(4)
Idea 4 Language teacher cognition(s)
158(2)
The chapter argument revisited
160(3)
9 Knowledge generations in language teaching
163(22)
The chapter argument
163
The first generation---defining what
164(1)
The second generation---defining how
165(5)
The third generation---defining who and where
170(6)
The fourth generation---defining why
176(6)
The chapter argument revisited
182(3)
10 Knowledge-geographies: a socio-professional view of what is worth knowing in ELT
185(22)
The chapter argument
185(1)
The structural map: a geography of institutions
186(3)
The implementational map: a geography of practices
189(4)
The human map: a geography of participation
193(11)
The chapter argument revisited
204(3)
11 Reflecting: thinking and knowing in teaching situations
207(16)
The chapter argument
207(1)
(Re)conceptualizing reflection: situations of practice and action-present
208(8)
Implementing reflection
216(1)
Reflection-as-repair
217(1)
Reflection in situations of practice and action-present
217(4)
The chapter argument revisited
221(2)
PART FOUR A design theory
223(30)
Introduction to Part Four
225(2)
12 A design theory---Part one: social facts and communities
227(10)
The chapter argument
227(1)
The same things done differently
227(2)
A teacher education design theory (Part one)
229(2)
Tools and opportunities
231(1)
Social facts
231(2)
Local and professional languages
233(1)
Communities
234(2)
The chapter argument revisited
236(1)
13 A design theory---Part two: renaming experience to reconstruct practice
237(16)
The chapter argument
237(2)
A teacher education design theory (Part two)
239(1)
Two forms of community
240(3)
Articulation
243(1)
Explanation
244(8)
Why call this theory a design theory?
252(1)
Appendix A
253(8)
Using the theory in language teacher education activities
253(1)
An ongoing example: the language-learning biography
253(3)
Using tools to create social facts: an ongoing example
256(1)
Pathways to content: converting time into social experience
256(2)
Discussion
258(3)
Appendix B
261(8)
Using the theory in language teacher education programs
261(1)
At the level of activity
262(1)
At the level of a module or course
263(4)
Summarizing design ideas
267(2)
Appendix C
269(4)
Thoughts on assessment
269(1)
Analyses
269(2)
Summary
271(2)
References 273(12)
Index 285