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E-raamat: Electrokinetics for Petroleum and Environmental Engineers [Wiley Online]

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  • Formaat: 264 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 20-Jan-2015
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Scrivener
  • ISBN-10: 1118842804
  • ISBN-13: 9781118842805
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Wiley Online
  • Hind: 212,46 €*
  • * hind, mis tagab piiramatu üheaegsete kasutajate arvuga ligipääsu piiramatuks ajaks
Electrokinetics for Petroleum and Environmental EngineersSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 264 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 20-Jan-2015
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Scrivener
  • ISBN-10: 1118842804
  • ISBN-13: 9781118842805
Teised raamatud teemal:
Wiley Online e-raamatudRohkem infot Wiley Online kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118842805
Electrokinetics is a term applied to a group of physicochemical phenomena involving the transport of charges, action of charged particles, effects of applied electric potential and fluid transport in various porous media to allow for a desired migration or flow to be achieved. These phenomena include electrokinetics, electroosmosis, ion migration, electrophoresis, streaming potential and electroviscosity. These phenomena are closely related and all contribute to the transport and migration of different ionic species and chemicals in porous media. The physicochemical and electrochemical properties of a porous medium and the pore fluid, and the magnitudes of the applied electrical potential all impact the direction and velocity of the fluid flow. Also, an electrical potential is generated upon the forced passage of fluid carrying charged particles through a porous medium.

The use of electrokinetics in the field of petroleum and environmental engineering was groundbreaking when George Chilingar pioneered its use decades ago, but it has only been in recent years that its full potential has been studied. This is the first volume of its kind ever written, offering the petroleum or environmental engineer a practical "how to" book on using electrokinetics for more efficient and better oil recovery and recovery from difficult reservoirs.

This groundbreaking volume is a must-have for any petroleum engineer working in the field, and for students and faculty in petroleum engineering departments worldwide.
Preface xiii
1 Introduction to Electrokinetics
1(32)
1.1 Factors Influencing Electrokinetic Phenomena
2(1)
1.2 Zeta Potential and the Electric Double Layer Interaction
3(5)
1.3 Coehn's Rule
8(1)
1.4 Combined Flow Rate Equation
9(2)
1.5 Dewatering of Soils
11(2)
1.6 Use of Electrokinetics for Stabilization of Week Grounds
13(1)
1.7 Bioelectroremediation
14(2)
1.8 Electrical Enhanced Oil Recovery (EEOR)
16(2)
1.9 Improving Acidizing of Carbonates
18(2)
1.10 Economic Feasibility
20(2)
1.11 Releasing Stuck Drillpipe
22(1)
1.12 Summary
23(10)
Bibliography
24(9)
2 Reduction of Contaminants In Soil and Water By Direct Electric Current
33(70)
2.1 Introduction
33(1)
2.2 Overview of Direct Electric Current in Subsurface Environmental Mitigation
34(20)
2.2.1 Theoretical Considerations: Transport of Charged Species - Electromigration
35(19)
2.2.2 Theoretical Considerations: Transport of Water and Its Constituents - Electroosmosis
38(5)
2.2.3 Theoretical Considerations: Mathematical Modeling of Transport
43(6)
2.2.4 Theoretical Considerations: Electrochemical Transformations
49(5)
2.3 Electrokinetically-Aided Environmental Mitigation
54(29)
2.3.1 Electrokinetially-Aided Separation and Extraction
56(18)
2.3.2 Electrokinetially-Aided Stabilization and Immobilization
74(7)
2.3.3 Electrokinetially-Aided Containment
81(2)
2.4 Transport and Extraction of Crude Oil
83(9)
2.4.1 Laboratory Evidence of Oil Extraction
83(3)
2.4.2 Field Evidence of Oil Extraction
86(3)
2.4.3 Laboratory Evidence of Oil Transformation
89(3)
2.5 Summary and Conclusions
92(11)
References
94(9)
3 Application of Electrokinetics for Enhanced Oil Recovery
103(54)
3.1 Introduction
103(2)
3.2 Petroleum Reservoirs, Properties, Reserves, and Recoveries
105(2)
3.2.1 Petroleum Reservoirs
106(1)
3.2.2 Porosity
106(1)
3.2.3 Reservoir Saturations
106(1)
3.2.4 Initial Reserves
107(1)
3.2.5 Primary Oil Production and Water Cut
107(1)
3.3 Relative Permeability and Residual Saturation
107(2)
3.4 Enhanced Oil Recovery
109(1)
3.5 Electrokinetically Enhanced Oil Recovery
110(2)
3.5.1 Historical Background
110(1)
3.5.2 Geotechnical and Environmental Electrokinetic Applications
111(1)
3.5.3 Direct Current Electrokinetically Enhanced Oil Recovery
112(1)
3.6 DCEOR and Energy Storage
112(3)
3.6.1 Mesoscopic Polarization Model
114(1)
3.7 Electro-chemical Basis for DCEOR
115(4)
3.7.1 Coupled Flows and Onsager's Principle
115(2)
3.7.2 Joule Heating
117(1)
3.7.3 Electromigration
118(1)
3.7.4 Electrophoresis
118(1)
3.7.5 Electroosmosis
118(1)
3.7.6 Electrochemically Enhanced Reactions
118(1)
3.8 Role of the Helmholtz Double Layer
119(7)
3.8.1 Dissociation of Ionic Salts
119(1)
3.8.2 Silicates
119(2)
3.8.3 Phillosilicates and Clay Minerals
121(1)
3.8.4 Cation Exchange Capacity
122(1)
3.8.5 Electrochemistry of the Double Layer
123(3)
3.9 DCEOR Field Operations
126(6)
3.9.1 Three-Dimensional Current Flow Ramifications
128(1)
3.9.2 Electric Field Mapping
129(1)
3.9.3 Joule Heating and Energy Loss
129(1)
3.9.4 Comparison of DC vs. AC Electrical Transmission Power Loss
130(2)
3.10 DCEOR Field Demonstrations
132(6)
3.10.1 Santa Maria Basin (California, USA) DCEOR Field Demonstration
133(3)
3.10.2 Lloydminster Heavy Oil Belt (Alberta, Canada) DCEOR Field Demonstration
136(1)
3.10.3 Golfo San Jorge Basin (Santa Cruz, Argentina) DCEOR Field Demonstration
137(1)
3.11 Produced Fluid Changes
138(2)
3.12 Laboratory Measurements
140(4)
3.12.1 Electrokinetics and Effective Permeability
142(1)
3.12.2 Sulfur Sequestration
143(1)
3.12.3 Carbonate Reservoir Laboratory Tests
143(1)
3.13 Technology Comparisons
144(2)
3.13.1 Comparison of DCEOR and Steam Flood Efficiency
144(1)
3.13.2 Comparison of DCEOR and Steam Flood Costs
145(1)
3.13.3 Comparison of DCEOR to Other EOR Technologies
146(1)
3.14 Summary
146(11)
Nomenclature
148(1)
References
149(6)
Websites
155(2)
4 EEOR in Carbonate Reservoirs
157(20)
4.1 Introduction
157(1)
4.2 Electrically Enhanced Oil Recovery (EEOR) EK Assisted WF
158(1)
4.3 SMART (Simultaneous/Sequential Modified Assisted Recovery Techniques)
159(2)
4.4 (SMAR EOR) Electrokinetic-Assisted Nano-Flooding/Surfactant-Flooding
161(5)
4.4.1 Electrokinetic-Assisted Surfactant Flooding (Smart EOR) on Mixed to Oil-Wet Core Plugs
165(1)
4.5 Electrokinetics-Assisted Waterflooding with Low Concentration of HCl
166(2)
4.6 Effect of EEOR and SMART EOR in Carbonate Reservoirs at Reservoir Conditions
168(9)
4.6.1 Economics
169(2)
Conclusions
171(1)
Nomenclature
172(1)
References
173(4)
5 Mathematical Modeling of Electrokinetic Transport and Enhanced Oil Recovery in Porous Geo-Media
177(60)
5.1 Introduction
177(1)
5.2 Basics of EK Transport Modeling
178(1)
5.3 Fundamental Governing Equations
179(9)
5.3.1 Fluid Flux
179(1)
5.3.2 Mass Flux
180(3)
5.3.3 Charge Flux
183(1)
5.3.4 Conservation of Mass and Charge
184(1)
5.3.5 Geochemical Reactions
185(3)
5.4 Mathematical Model and Solution of Ek Transport
188(3)
5.4.1 Initial and Boundary Conditions
189(1)
5.4.2 Preservation of Electrical Neutrality
190(1)
5.4.3 Numerical Solution Approaches
191(1)
5.5 EK Mass Transport Models
191(3)
5.6 Coupling of Electrical and Pressure Gradients
194(3)
5.7 Mathematical Modeling of EKEOR
197(1)
5.8 Fundamental Governing Equations for EKEOR Model
197(23)
5.8.1 Incompressible Single-Phase Flow Under Applied Pressure Gradient
198(1)
5.8.2 Two-Phase Immiscible Flow Under Applied Pressure Gradient
199(2)
5.8.3 Contribution of Viscous Coupling
201(3)
5.8.4 Evaluation of EO Transport Coefficients
204(14)
5.8.5 Two-Phase Immiscible Flow Under Applied Pressure and Electrical Gradient
218(1)
5.8.6 Formulation in Phase Pressure (Oil Pressure) and Saturation (Water Saturation)
219(1)
5.9 Solution Strategy
220(4)
5.9.1 The Saturation Equation for Two-Phase Incompressible Immiscible Flow
221(2)
5.9.2 Pressure Equation for Two-Phase Incompressible Immiscible Flow
223(1)
5.10 Numerical Implementation
224(5)
5.11 Summary
229(8)
References
229(8)
Index 237
George V. Chilingar, PhD, is an Emeritus Professor of Engineering at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA. He is one of the most well-known petroleum geologists in the world and the founder of several prestigious journals in the oil and gas industry. He has published over 70 books and 500 articles and has received over 100 awards over his career.

Mohammed Haroun, PhD, graduated from the University of Southern California and is known for his hybrid work in petroleum and environmental engineering.? He has written numerous papers, a book, and he has several patents to his name.
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