| Preface to the first edition: environmental health engineering and poverty |
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xi | |
| Preface to the second edition |
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xiii | |
| Preface to the third edition |
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xiv | |
| Acknowledgements |
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xv | |
| Part I Health and pollution |
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1 Engineering and infectious disease |
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3 | (24) |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2 Water-related infections |
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4 | (7) |
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1.3 Excreta-related infections |
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11 | (7) |
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1.4 Refuse-related infections |
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18 | (3) |
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1.5 Housing-related infections |
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21 | (1) |
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1.6 Public and domestic domains |
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22 | (2) |
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24 | (3) |
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2 Health and water chemistry |
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27 | (9) |
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27 | (1) |
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2.2 The absence of necessary chemicals |
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27 | (2) |
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29 | (2) |
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31 | (5) |
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3 Water quality and standards |
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36 | (23) |
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3.1 Drinking water quality |
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36 | (10) |
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46 | (3) |
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49 | (1) |
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3.4 Bathing water quality |
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50 | (1) |
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3.5 Irrigation water quality |
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51 | (1) |
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3.6 Water quality and fish |
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52 | (1) |
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3.7 Water quality standards and QMRA |
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52 | (7) |
| Part II Water supply |
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59 | (76) |
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4 Water supplies in low and middle income countries |
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61 | (22) |
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4.1 The haves and have nots |
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61 | (2) |
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4.2 Operation and maintenance |
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63 | (1) |
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4.3 Appropriate technology |
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64 | (2) |
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66 | (3) |
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4.5 Cost recovery and the private sector |
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69 | (2) |
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4.6 Rural supplies and self-help |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (3) |
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76 | (2) |
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4.10 Climate change and integrated water resource management |
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78 | (5) |
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83 | (29) |
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5.1 Breakdowns and technology |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (8) |
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92 | (9) |
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101 | (1) |
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5.5 Treatment in a rural context |
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102 | (5) |
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107 | (5) |
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6 Urban water supply and water treatment |
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112 | (23) |
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112 | (1) |
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6.2 Coagulation and sedimentation |
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113 | (3) |
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116 | (2) |
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118 | (6) |
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124 | (5) |
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6.6 Water demand management |
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129 | (6) |
| Part III Excreta and refuse: treatment, disposal and re-use |
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135 | (126) |
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7 Excreta disposal in low and middle income countries |
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137 | (8) |
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7.1 The haves and have nots |
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137 | (1) |
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7.2 The evolving agenda of sanitation for the poor |
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137 | (3) |
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7.3 Cities and the need for hygienic management of faecal sludge |
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140 | (1) |
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7.4 Relative costs of sanitation systems |
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140 | (5) |
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8 Types of excreta disposal system |
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145 | (38) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (3) |
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148 | (6) |
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8.4 Difficulties with pit latrines |
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154 | (5) |
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159 | (4) |
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8.6 Vault toilets and cartage |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (2) |
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166 | (2) |
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168 | (3) |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (3) |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (2) |
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177 | (1) |
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8.15 Nightsoil and sludge re-use and disposal |
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177 | (3) |
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180 | (3) |
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9 Planning a sanitation programme |
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183 | (22) |
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9.1 Programme context and content |
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183 | (3) |
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186 | (5) |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (5) |
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197 | (3) |
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9.6 Operation and maintenance |
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200 | (1) |
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9.7 Incremental sanitation |
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200 | (5) |
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205 | (17) |
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205 | (1) |
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10.2 Waste characteristics |
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205 | (1) |
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10.3 Waste stabilisation ponds |
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206 | (11) |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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10.7 Sewage workers' health |
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220 | (2) |
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11 Surface water drainage |
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222 | (11) |
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222 | (2) |
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11.2 Town planning implications |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (4) |
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11.4 Institutional aspects |
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229 | (4) |
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12 Solid waste management |
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233 | (9) |
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233 | (1) |
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12.2 Waste characteristics |
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233 | (2) |
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12.3 Hazards of refuse mismanagement |
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235 | (1) |
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12.4 Storage and collection |
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235 | (2) |
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12.5 Treatment and disposal |
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237 | (5) |
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242 | (9) |
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13.1 Aerobic and anaerobic composting |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (3) |
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13.3 Carbon/nitrogen ratio |
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246 | (2) |
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13.4 Problems of composting |
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248 | (1) |
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13.5 Individual composting toilets |
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249 | (2) |
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14 Health aspects of waste use |
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251 | (10) |
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251 | (1) |
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14.2 Health and agricultural use |
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251 | (5) |
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14.3 Health and fish farming |
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256 | (5) |
| Part IV Environmental modifications and vector-borne diseases |
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261 | (62) |
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15 Engineering control of insect-borne diseases |
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263 | (26) |
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263 | (1) |
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15.2 Mosquito-borne diseases |
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263 | (15) |
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278 | (5) |
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15.4 Chagas disease and bugs |
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283 | (2) |
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15.5 Lice, fleas, ticks and mites |
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285 | (1) |
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286 | (3) |
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16 Dams, irrigation and health |
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289 | (13) |
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16.1 General considerations |
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289 | (4) |
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293 | (1) |
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294 | (1) |
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16.4 Arboviral infections |
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295 | (1) |
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16.5 Bancroftian and Malayan filariasis |
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295 | (2) |
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16.6 Spillways and reservoir release policies |
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297 | (5) |
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302 | (21) |
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302 | (4) |
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17.2 Water supply and sanitation |
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306 | (2) |
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17.3 Schistosome removal from water and wastes |
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308 | (2) |
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17.4 Specific engineering and environmental methods in schistosomiasis control |
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310 | (13) |
| Appendix A: Biological classification conventions |
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323 | (2) |
| Appendix B: Glossary |
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325 | (7) |
| Appendix C: Checklist of water-related and excreta-related diseases |
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332 | (6) |
| Appendix D: A brief primer on urban mosquito control |
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338 | (15) |
| Appendix E: Units |
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353 | (1) |
| Index |
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354 | |