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E-raamat: Ethics of Pregnancy, Abortion and Childbirth: Exploring Moral Choices in Childbearing [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

(The Anscombe Bioethics Centre, UK)
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The Ethics of Pregnancy, Abortion and Childbirth addresses the unique moral questions raised by pregnancy and its intimate bodily nature. From assisted reproduction to abortion and ‘vital conflict’ resolution to more everyday concerns of the pregnant woman, this book argues for pregnancy as a close human relationship with the woman as guardian or custodian. Four approaches to pregnancy are explored: ‘uni-personal’, ‘neighborly’, ‘maternal’ and ‘spousal’. The author challenges not only the view that there is only one moral subject to consider in pregnancy, but also the idea that the location of the fetus lacks all inherent, unique significance. It is argued that the pregnant woman is not a mere ‘neighbor’ or helpful stranger to the fetus but is rather already in a real familial relationship bringing real familial rights and obligations. If the status of the fetus is conclusive for at least some moral questions raised by pregnancy, so too are facts about its bodily relationship with, and presence in, the woman who supports it. This lucid, accessible and original book explores fundamental ethical issues in a rich and often neglected area of philosophy in ways of interest also to those from other disciplines.

Acknowledgements ix
Introduction 1(7)
Aim of this Book
1(2)
Pregnancy and Pathology
3(1)
Sharing of Parts
4(1)
Dependency and Status
5(3)
1 The Uni-Personal Pregnancy
8(27)
Human Personal Status
8(1)
Are We Our Bodies?
9(1)
Are We Our Experiences?
9(2)
Overlapping Subjects of Experience
11(1)
Moral Status and Desires
11(2)
Interests and Brain Damage
13(1)
Objective Interests and Bodily Kinds
14(1)
Human Equality
15(1)
When Does the Human Individual Begin?
16(1)
Living Wholes and Living Parts
17(1)
Identical Twinning
18(1)
Potential and Pregnancy
19(1)
Human-Looking Fetuses (and Embryos?)
20(1)
Recognizing Moral Status
21(3)
Moral Status: What Are the Implications for Pregnancy?
24(11)
2 The Neighborly Pregnancy
35(22)
What Kind of Neighbor?
36(1)
Bodily Attacks
37(1)
Right Not to Be a Parent
38(1)
Support and Violence: Strangers and Samaritans
39(1)
Support and Violence: Parents and Children
40(1)
Women: Unjustly Disadvantaged?
41(1)
Functional Support
42(2)
Pregnancy as a Disease
44(2)
Right to Control One's Body
46(11)
3 The Maternal Pregnancy
57(47)
Becoming Pregnant: Rights Conferred
57(1)
Pregnancy and Abortion in Comatose Women
57(1)
The Right to Mother
58(2)
All Roles Chosen?
60(2)
Acknowledging Maternity: Pregnancy and Birth after Rape
62(2)
Childbirth and Childcare
64(2)
Pregnancy and Control
66(1)
Pregnancy and Guardianship
67(3)
Prenatal Tests
70(1)
Maternal and Maternal-Fetal Treatments
71(1)
Treatments in Pregnancy---Conjoined Twin Analogy
71(2)
Duties to Commence Gestation
73(1)
Conjoined Twins Continued
73(1)
Vital Conflicts: What Are the Principles?
74(1)
Double-Effect Reasoning
75(1)
`Unintended Morally Determinative Aspects'
76(1)
Bodily Respect
77(1)
Maternal-Fetal Conflicts Continued
77(2)
Life-Threatening Pregnancies
79(1)
Ectopic Pregnancy
80(3)
Early Delivery
83(21)
4 The Spousal Pregnancy
104(31)
Fetal Reduction
104(2)
Wanted Children
106(1)
Receiving or Producing
107(2)
Good Enough Parents
109(1)
Donor Pregnancies
110(2)
Accepting Donor Embryos (`Embryo Adoption')
112(2)
Pregnancy, Intimacy and Society
114(2)
Acceptance of Fertility
116(1)
Sexual Conception: Of What Kind?
117(1)
Female and Male Parenthood
118(1)
Male Support of Pregnancy
119(1)
Conclusion
120(15)
Appendix: Pregnancy and Lethal Fetal Anomaly 135(4)
Bibliography 139(10)
Index 149
Dr. Helen Watt is Senior Research Fellow and former Director of the Anscombe Bioethics Centre, Oxford, UK. She is the author of Life and Death in Healthcare Ethics: A Short Introduction and the editor of several books including Fertility and Gender: Issues in Reproductive and Sexual Ethics.