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E-raamat: Experimental Pulse NMR: A Nuts and Bolts Approach [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

  • Formaat: 556 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Jan-1993
  • Kirjastus: Westview Press Inc
  • ISBN-13: 9780429493867
  • Taylor & Francis e-raamat
  • Hind: 216,96 €*
  • * hind, mis tagab piiramatu üheaegsete kasutajate arvuga ligipääsu piiramatuks ajaks
  • Tavahind: 309,94 €
  • Säästad 30%
  • Formaat: 556 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Jan-1993
  • Kirjastus: Westview Press Inc
  • ISBN-13: 9780429493867
"This book is about pulse nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), with its techniques, the information to be obtained, and practical advice on performing experiments. The emphasis is on the motivation and ph"


This book is about pulse nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), with its techniques, the information to be obtained, and practical advice on performing experiments. The emphasis is on the motivation and physical ideas underlying NMR experiments and the actual techniques, including the hardware used. The level is generally suitable for those to whom pulse NMR is a new technique, be they students in chemistry or physics on the one hand and research workers in biology, geology, or agriculture, on the other. The book can be used for a senior or first year graduate course where it could supplement the standard NMR texts.
Preface xi
Basics of Pulse and Fourier Transform NMR
Introduction
1(13)
The rotating frame
14(6)
Pulse NMR
20(15)
Introduction to pulse NMR
21(4)
Pulse NMR experiments
25(10)
Introduction to Fourier transform NMR
35(12)
The driven vs. the pulsed simple harmonic oscillator: An introduction to Fourier transform pairs
36(2)
The nature of Fourier transform NMR
38(6)
Comparison of FT and cw NMR
44(3)
Details of Pulse and Fourier Transform NMR
Fundamentals
47(30)
Some useful Fourier transform theorems
47(3)
Pulse length, tip angle, and all that (or just what is the rf pulse doing to the magnetization?)
50(10)
Quadrature detection
60(17)
The mechanics of FT NMR
77(21)
Digitizing rate and the size of the transform
77(2)
Dynamic range and digitizer resolution
79(2)
Positioning the carrier
81(3)
Phase correction
84(4)
Digitally massaging the FID
88(4)
FT spectroscopy of wide lines
92(6)
Decoupling in Solution NMR
98(8)
Decoupling power
noise decoupling
selective and off resonance decoupling
gated decoupling
homonuclear decoupling
Special topics
106(19)
Pulse response in the presence of quadrupole splitting
106(6)
Selective excitation
112(5)
2-D spectroscopy
117(4)
CPMG J-spectra
121(2)
Echoes in liquids
123(2)
Relaxation
General remarks
125(11)
What is spin-lattice relaxation?
How does spin-lattice relaxation take place?
Other kinds of nuclear relaxation
The spectral density
Additional observations
Spin-spin relaxation
136(3)
Spin-lattice relaxation
139(25)
Spin-lattice relaxation mechanisms
139(12)
How to differentiate between mechanisms
151(5)
Relaxation of quadrupolar nuclei
156(5)
Oxygen removal from samples
161(3)
Measurement of spin-lattice relaxation
164(33)
Strategies
165(3)
Some typical pulse sequences for T1 measurements
168(8)
Double pulse
steady state sequences
progressive saturation with inversion recovery
saturating comb
T1 measurements in high resolution NMR
176(6)
Long T1 problems
182(3)
Analysis of exponential time constants
185(12)
Molecular diffusion in a field gradient
197(13)
Diffusion in a steady field gradient
198(4)
Pulse field gradient method
202(8)
Stejskal and Tanner sequence
potential problems with pulsed gradient method
Lowe and Karlicek method
stimulated echo method
restricted diffusion
Gradient calibration
210(7)
NMR of Solids
Lineshapes in solids
217(24)
Homogeneous and inhomogeneous lines
218(9)
Moments of absorption lines
227(14)
Dipolar and Zeeman order
241(20)
The meaning of dipolar and Zeeman order
241(5)
Rotating frame adiabatic demagnetization
246(5)
The solid echo and other two pulse echoes
251(5)
The Jeener echo
256(5)
Rotating frame relaxation
261(9)
Rotating frame spin-lattice relaxation measurements
262(4)
The strong and weak collision regimes
266(4)
Spin temperature
270(5)
High resolution NMR of solids
275(22)
Magic angle spinning (MAS)
279(4)
High power decoupling
283(1)
Cross polarization (CP) experiments
284(8)
How to cool the protons
how to make thermal contact: the Hartmann-Hahn condition
CP experiment: implementation
Multiple pulse line-narrowing in solids
292(5)
NMR Hardware
Basic spectrometer considerations
297(38)
Pulse NMR spectrometers
297(15)
Magnets
312(6)
Transient data acquisition system
318(7)
Recovery times in pulse NMR
325(6)
Time-share modulation
331(4)
Purchasing a spectrometer
335(23)
Basic considerations
335(15)
Transmitter
pulse sequence and phase capabilities
frequencies
receiver
probe
data system
magnet
miscellaneous
summary
Desirable features in high resolution spectrometers
350(2)
CP/MAS spectrometers
352(2)
Dealing with instrument companies
354(4)
Spectrometers and components
358(67)
An example of a simple liquids machine
358(3)
An example of a high power machine for solids
361(6)
Use of CAMAC for computer interface
367(6)
Probes
373(13)
General considerations
construction and tuning
odds and ends
an example
Probes for superconducting solenoids
386(2)
Crossed diodes and other non-linear elements
388(4)
Single coil duplexers
392(8)
Quarterwave lines and network
400(7)
Tank circuits, impedance matching, and all that
407(9)
Useful packaged components
416(5)
Double balanced mixer
phase shifter
power divider
directional coupler
magic-tee
quadrature hybrid
How to tune a passive circuit and measure its impedance
421(1)
Helpful hardware ideas
422(3)
Practical Techniques
Turning it on and tuning it
425(27)
A procedure for tuning up a pulse NMR apparatus
425(7)
RF signal source: pulse source
probe tuning
transmitter tuning
preamp/receiver tuning
duplexer tuning
fine tuning with an NMR signal
miscellaneous
How to set the phase of an FID
432(2)
How to set pulse lengths
434(3)
Estimating S/N
437(3)
Searching for resonance in high resolution NMR
440(2)
Searching for a resonance: general considerations
442(4)
Choice of tip angle for optimum S/N
446(3)
When you cannot use lock solvents
449(1)
Helpful hints
450(2)
When things go wrong
452(16)
Troubleshooting suggestions
452(2)
Maintenance equipment suggestions
454(4)
Probe arcing
458(2)
H1 inhomogeneity
460(3)
Spurious ringing
463(5)
Noise
468(15)
Removal of coherent noise
468(6)
The analog filter and the FID
474(5)
Digital filtering
479(4)
Special techniques
483(14)
Field cycling
483(4)
High speed spinning of samples
487(4)
Chemical shift concertina
491(2)
Zero time resolution of the FID
493(4)
NMR math
497(12)
Calculational aides in NMR
498(8)
B vs. H.
506(1)
What is a dB?
507(2)
POSTSCRIPT 509(20)
APPENDICES
A. References, general and review
513(2)
B. Review journals in magnetic resonance
515(2)
C. Conferences in magnetic resonance
517(4)
D. Hardware sources
521(6)
E. Abbreviations
527(2)
Author Index 529(6)
Subject Index 535


Eiichi Fukushima