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E-raamat: Finnish: A Comprehensive Grammar [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

(University of Helsinki, Finland)
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Finnish: A Comprehensive GrammarSuurem pilt
Teised raamatud teemal:
Taylor & Francis e-raamatudRohkem infot Taylor & Francis e-raamatute kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315743547
Finnish: A Comprehensive Grammar presents a fresh, accessible and thorough description of the language, concentrating on the real patterns of use in modern Finnish.

The book moves from the sound system through morphology and word classes to a detailed analysis of sentence structures and semantic features.

Key features include:





particular focus on examples from spoken Finnish reflecting current usage grammatical phenomena classified as common or rare appendices identifying stems and sequences of endings English-Finnish contrasts highlighted throughout.

Finnish: A Comprehensive Grammar is an essential reference for the intermediate and advanced learner and user of Finnish.
Preface xiii
Notational conventions and abbreviations xv
Chapter 1 Introduction
1(12)
1.1 The relation of Finnish to other languages
1(2)
1.2 Finnish and Finland, past and present
3(2)
1.3 The basic characteristics of Finnish
5(3)
1.4 What are the special difficulties?
8(5)
Chapter 2 Pronunciation and sound structure
13(20)
2.1 Letters and sounds
13(2)
2.2 Vowels and consonants
15(4)
2.3 Short and long sounds
19(2)
2.4 Diphthongs
21(1)
2.5 Syllables
22(1)
2.6 Rhythm, word stress patterns and intonation patterns
23(5)
2.6.1 Rhythm
23(1)
2.6.2 Word stress patterns
24(2)
2.6.3 Intonation patterns and accentuation
26(2)
2.7 Vowel harmony
28(3)
2.8 Major dialectal differences in pronunciation
31(2)
Chapter 3 Word structure
33(16)
3.1 Nominals and their inflectional endings
34(6)
3.2 Finite verb forms and their endings
40(5)
3.3 Non-finite verb forms and their endings
45(4)
Chapter 4 Two important sound alternations
49(20)
4.1 Consonant gradation of p, t, k
49(14)
4.1.1 The types of consonant gradation
50(1)
4.1.2 The rules of consonant gradation
51(3)
4.1.3 Applying the basic rule to nominals
54(3)
4.1.4 Applying the rules to verbs
57(2)
4.1.5 Additional comments
59(1)
4.1.6 The most common words with consonant gradation
60(3)
4.2 Vowel changes before i endings
63(6)
Chapter 5 The declension of nominals
69(31)
5.1 Nominals inflected on the basic form
71(9)
5.1.1 Tunti nominals with short final -i
71(3)
5.1.2 Talo nominals with short final -u, -o, -y, -o
74(1)
5.1.3 Kala nominals with short final -a
75(3)
5.1.4 Isa nominals with short final -a
78(1)
5.1.5 Nominals with final diphthong or long vowel
79(1)
5.2 Nominals with short final -i or -e and separate inflectional stem
80(7)
5.2.1 Kivi nominals, inflectional stem in -e, partitive -A
81(2)
5.2.2 Kieli nominals, inflectional stem in -e, partitive -tA
83(1)
5.2.3 Vest nominals, inflectional stem in -te, partitive -tA
84(2)
5.2.4 Perhe nominals with short final -e
86(1)
5.3 Nominals with a final consonant and separate inflectional stem
87(9)
5.3.1 Ihminen nominals
87(1)
5.3.2 Ajat>us nouns
88(1)
5.3.3 Taivas nominals
89(2)
5.3.4 Hyv>yys nominals
91(2)
5.3.5 Ava>in nominals
93(1)
5.3.6 Tyo>ton nominals
94(1)
5.3.7 Askel nominals
95(1)
5.3.8 Lyhyt nominals
95(1)
5.3.9 Adaptation of new borrowed nouns
96(1)
5.4 Singular and plural
96(4)
Chapter 6 The conjugation of verbs
100(16)
6.1 Infinitive endings
101(2)
6.2 Inflectional stems
103(7)
6.2.1 Anta-a verbs
103(1)
6.2.2 Saa-da verbs
104(1)
6.2.3 Tul-la and nous-ta verbs
105(2)
6.2.4 Huomat-a verbs
107(2)
6.2.5 Tarvit-a verbs
109(1)
6.2.6 Lamm>et-a verbs
110(1)
6.3 Personal endings and agreement of person
110(6)
Chapter 7 Interplay between Finnish morphology and syntax
116(5)
7.1 Parts of speech
116(1)
7.2 Phrases
117(1)
7.3 Syntactic functions of phrases in clauses
117(1)
7.4 Cases and adpositional phrases are markers of syntactic functions
118(1)
7.5 Syntactic functions, phrases and clauses elaborated
118(3)
Chapter 8 Phrases
121(19)
8.1 Phrase types
121(1)
8.2 The noun phrase
122(8)
8.2.1 Structure
122(3)
8.2.2 Agreement within the noun phrase
125(2)
8.2.3 Functions of the noun phrase
127(2)
8.2.4 Complexity of the noun phrase
129(1)
8.3 The adjective phrase
130(4)
8.4 The numeral phrase
134(2)
8.5 Adpositional phrases
136(1)
8.6 The adverb phrase
137(1)
8.7 The infinitive phrase
138(1)
8.8 The participle phrase
138(2)
Chapter 9 Simple clauses
140(21)
9.1 Clause types
140(2)
9.2 Clauses with basic order subject + verb
142(2)
9.3 Clauses with basic order verb + subject
144(3)
9.4 Free adverbials, questions, negation, word order variations
147(1)
9.5 Clauses without subject
148(2)
9.6 Negative clauses
150(3)
9.7 Questions and answers
153(5)
9.7.1 Questions with -kO (`yes-no' questions)
153(3)
9.7.2 Question-word questions (`wh-' questions)
156(2)
9.8 Minimal examples of simple clause types
158(3)
Chapter 10 Complex sentences
161(13)
10.1 Types of complex sentences
161(2)
10.2 Complex sentences with subordinate clauses
163(2)
10.3 Complex sentences with infinitive and participle phrases
165(2)
10.4 Nominalization
167(2)
10.5 Repeated embedding of subordinate clauses, non-finite phrases and nominalizations
169(2)
10.6 Structure of the predicate
171(3)
Chapter 11 The nominative case
174(7)
11.1 Nominative singular and plural
175(1)
11.2 "Use of the nominative
176(5)
11.2.1 The nominative marking subjects, objects and predicate complements
176(4)
11.2.2 Special uses of the nominative
180(1)
Chapter 12 The partitive case
181(21)
12.1 Formation of the partitive
181(7)
12.1.1 Partitive singular
181(3)
12.1.2 Partitive plural
184(4)
12.2 Use of the partitive
188(14)
12.2.1 Partitive subject
188(3)
12.2.2 Partitive object
191(5)
12.2.3 Partitive predicate complement
196(2)
12.2.4 The partitive in expressions of quantity
198(2)
12.2.5 The partitive with adpositions
200(1)
12.2.6 Special uses of the partitive
200(2)
Chapter 13 The genitive case and total objects
202(18)
13.1 Formation of the genitive
202(6)
13.1.1 Genitive singular
202(1)
13.1.2 Genitive plural
203(5)
13.2 Use of the genitive
208(3)
13.3 The total object
211(7)
13.3.1 Total object and partitive object
211(2)
13.3.2 Total object endings
213(5)
13.4 Quantity adverbials taking object cases
218(2)
Chapter 14 Possessive endings
220(8)
14.1 Possessive endings in nouns
220(6)
14.2 Possessive endings in other parts of speech
226(1)
14.3 Ways of expressing ownership (possession)
227(1)
Chapter 15 The six local cases
228(27)
15.1 Inessive
229(3)
15.2 Elative
232(5)
15.3 Illative
237(5)
15.4 Adessive
242(4)
15.5 Ablative
246(3)
15.6 Allative
249(3)
15.7 Directional verbs
252(1)
15.8 Place names
253(2)
Chapter 16 Other cases
255(11)
16.1 Essive
255(3)
16.2 Translative
258(4)
16.3 Abessive
262(1)
16.4 Comitative
263(1)
16.5 Instructive
264(2)
Chapter 17 Numbers and numerals
266(11)
17.1 Cardinal numbers
266(7)
17.1.1 Inflection of cardinal numbers
266(4)
17.1.2 Use of cardinal numbers
270(3)
17.2 Ordinal numbers
273(3)
17.3 Fractions
276(1)
Chapter 18 Pronouns
277(22)
18.1 Personal pronouns
278(2)
18.2 Demonstrative pronouns
280(3)
18.3 Interrogative pronouns
283(3)
18.4 Indefinite pronouns
286(10)
18.5 Relative pronouns
296(3)
Chapter 19 Tenses
299(15)
19.1 Present tense
299(1)
19.2 Past tense
300(5)
19.3 Perfect tense
305(3)
19.4 Pluperfect tense
308(1)
19.5 Negative forms
308(5)
19.6 Expressing future time
313(1)
Chapter 20 Moods and modality
314(14)
20.1 Indicative
314(1)
20.2 Conditional
315(3)
20.3 Imperative
318(5)
20.4 Potential
323(2)
20.5 Other means for expressing modality
325(3)
Chapter 21 Passive constructions
328(15)
21.1 General
328(4)
21.2 Passive present
332(3)
21.3 Passive past
335(2)
21.4 Passive perfect and pluperfect
337(3)
21.5 Passive moods
340(3)
Chapter 22 Infinitive-based constructions
343(19)
22.1 General
343(1)
22.2 A infinitive
344(5)
22.2.1 Basic form of the A infinitive
344(3)
22.2.2 A infinitive translative
347(2)
22.3 E infinitive
349(5)
22.3.1 E infinitive inessive
349(4)
22.3.2 E infinitive instructive
353(1)
22.4 MA infinitive
354(6)
22.4.1 Formation
354(1)
22.4.2 MA infinitive inessive
355(1)
22.4.3 MA infinitive elative
356(1)
22.4.4 MA infinitive illative
357(2)
22.4.5 MA infinitive adessive, abessive and instructive
359(1)
22.5 MINEN infinitive
360(2)
Chapter 23 Participle-based constructions
362(22)
23.1 General
362(2)
23.2 VA participle active
364(1)
23.3 VA participle passive
365(3)
23.4 The NUT/TTU participles
368(2)
23.5 The participial construction
370(7)
23.6 The temporal construction
377(2)
23.7 The agent construction
379(3)
23.8 Verb unions with participles or infinitives
382(2)
Chapter 24 Comparison of adjectives
384(8)
24.1 Comparative
384(4)
24.2 Superlative
388(4)
Chapter 25 Other word classes and clitics
392(25)
25.1 Adverbs
392(6)
25.2 Prepositions
398(1)
25.3 Postpositions
399(7)
25.4 Conjunctions
406(4)
25.5 Discourse particles
410(1)
25.6 Clitics
411(6)
Chapter 26 Word formation
417(26)
26.1 General
417(2)
26.2 Derivation
419(19)
26.2.1 Deriving nominals from nominals
420(5)
26.2.2 Deriving nominals from verbs
425(5)
26.2.3 Deriving verbs from verbs
430(2)
26.2.4 Deriving verbs from nominals
432(1)
26.2.5 Rare derivational endings
433(1)
26.2.6 Multiple derivation
434(4)
26.3 Compounding
438(5)
Chapter 27 The colloquial spoken language
443(13)
27.1 General
443(1)
27.2 Omission and assimilation of sounds
444(5)
27.3 Differences of form
449(7)
Appendix 1 Detecting word structure 456(30)
Appendix 2 Definitions of key concepts 486(8)
Appendix 3 Material for studying Finnish as a foreign language 494(3)
Index 497
Fred Karlsson is Adjunct Professor of Finnish at the Universiity of Helsinki, Finland.
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