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E-raamat: Fires in Silos - Hazards, Prevention, and Fire Fighting: Hazards, Prevention, and Fire Fighting [Wiley Online]

Edited by (Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Berli)
  • Formaat: 156 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 14-Jan-2009
  • Kirjastus: Blackwell Verlag GmbH
  • ISBN-10: 3527623825
  • ISBN-13: 9783527623822
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Wiley Online
  • Hind: 142,74 €*
  • * hind, mis tagab piiramatu üheaegsete kasutajate arvuga ligipääsu piiramatuks ajaks
Fires in Silos - Hazards, Prevention, and Fire Fighting: Hazards, Prevention, and Fire FightingSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 156 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 14-Jan-2009
  • Kirjastus: Blackwell Verlag GmbH
  • ISBN-10: 3527623825
  • ISBN-13: 9783527623822
Teised raamatud teemal:
Wiley Online e-raamatudRohkem infot Wiley Online kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9783527623822
Providing many lessons learned from past silo fires coupled with in-depth knowledge from experts, this book explains current prevention measures in detail -- helping to prevent future damage.
It covers numerous types of fire detection devices and fire fighting equipment, backed by extensive data tables listing fire and explosion characteristics of bulk materials, color photographs of silos on fire and documentation of firefighters' actions. In addition, diagrams and formulas as well as pre-prepared check lists are included for risk assessment and fire fighting actions.
Possibly lifesaving reading for chemists in industry, engineers, chemical engineers, health officers, environmental consultants, instructors in the chemical industry, as well as chemicals suppliers and safety officers.
Preface xi
Introduction
1(12)
Ulrich Krause
Problem Description
1(2)
Influence of Material Properties on Fire
3(6)
Particle Size Distribution, Particle Shape and Internal Surface Area
3(3)
Bulk Porosity and Bulk Density
6(1)
Porosity of Individual Particles
7(1)
Particle Density
8(1)
Humidity
8(1)
Chemical Properties of Bulk Goods
9(4)
Chemical Structure
9(1)
Heat of Formation and Calorific Value
10(1)
References
11(2)
Ignition Sources
13(20)
Vytenis Babrauskas
Ulrich Krause
Introduction
13(1)
External Ignition Sources
13(10)
Hot Solids, Liquids or Gases
14(1)
Ignition of Gases by Hot Solids
14(1)
Ignition of Dust Clouds by Hot Solids
15(3)
Ignition of Solids by Hot Solids
18(1)
Flames or Remote Burning Objects
18(1)
Electric Current, Static Electricity, Electromagnetic Waves and Particulate Radiation
19(1)
Electric Current
20(1)
Static Electricity
21(2)
Self-Heating
23(4)
Physical Characteristics of Self-Ignition Processes and Smoldering Fire Propagation
27(6)
Ulrich Krause
References
29(4)
Fire Risk Assessment
33(18)
Javier Garcia Torrent
Enrique Querol
Introduction
33(1)
Experimental Techniques
34(17)
Ignition Sensitivity
34(1)
Minimum Ignition Temperature (MIT)
34(3)
Minimum Explosible Concentration (Lower Explosion Limit (MEC/LEL))
37(1)
Minimum Ignition Energy (MIE)
37(1)
Explosion Severity
37(1)
Explosion Pressure (Pmax)
37(1)
Maximum Rate of Pressure Rise (dp/dt)
38(1)
Kmax Specific Constant
38(1)
Thermal Susceptibility
38(1)
Maciejasz Index (MI)
39(1)
Temperature of Emission of Flammable Volatiles (TEV)
39(1)
Thermogravimetry (TG) Test
39(1)
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
40(1)
Susceptibility Evaluation: Activation Energy (Ea)
41(2)
Susceptibility Evaluation: Characteristic Oxidation Temperature (Tcharac)
43(1)
Thermal Stability
43(1)
Self-Ignition Temperature (SIT)
44(1)
Classification of Solid Dangerous Goods
45(2)
Solids which are Readily Combustible
47(1)
Substances Liable to Spontaneous Combustion
47(1)
Substances which, in Contact with Water, Release Flammable Gases
47(1)
Oxidizing Substances
47(1)
Other Tests
48(1)
Flammability
48(1)
Burning Behavior
48(1)
Grewer Oven
48(1)
Impact Sensitivity
48(1)
Friction Sensitivity
49(1)
References
49(2)
Explosion Risk and Protection
51(28)
Kazimierz Lebecki
Essential Conditions for Explosion Occurrence
51(1)
Parameters of Dust Explosion; Definitions
51(2)
Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Agricultural Dusts
53(2)
Explosion Characteristics
55(4)
Propagation of Explosion
59(3)
Dynamics of Explosions in Long Ducts and Galleries
62(3)
Causes of Fires and Fire-Explosion Protection
65(2)
Age of the Facilities, Maintenance and Repair Work
65(1)
Nature of Processed Materials
65(1)
Ignition Sources
65(1)
Plant Operation
66(1)
Type of Buildings and Facilities
66(1)
Equipment for Dust Collection
66(1)
Plant Automation
66(1)
Human Factor
67(1)
Fire and Explosion Prevention and Protection in the Storage of Agro, Feed and Food Products
67(1)
Explosions
67(6)
Prevention
67(1)
Limitation of Dust Emission
68(1)
Limitation of Ignition Sources
68(1)
Reduction of Oxygen Content
69(1)
Protection
70(1)
Pressure-Resistant Buildings and Equipment
70(1)
Reduction of the Maximum Explosion Pressure (Venting)
71(1)
Explosion Suppression by Flame Extinguishing
71(1)
Isolating the Various Installations (Isolating Devices)
72(1)
Operation of Protective System
72(1)
Fire
73(6)
Prevention
73(1)
Combustible Elements
73(1)
Ignition Sources
74(1)
Protection
75(2)
Further Reading
77(2)
Fire Detection
79(14)
Ralf Schackel
Ulrich Krause
Introduction
79(1)
Smoke Detectors
80(1)
General
80(1)
Optical Smoke Detectors
80(1)
Ionization Smoke Detectors
81(1)
Fire Gas Detectors
81(1)
Flame Detectors
81(2)
Spark Detectors
83(2)
Daylight-Sensitive Spark Detectors
85(1)
Daylight-Insensitive Spark Detectors
85(1)
Heat Detectors
85(2)
Application Examples
87(6)
Fire Protection Silo in a Fiber Board Factory
87(2)
Recycling of Metal Parts, for example Car Residues
89(1)
Feeding Line of a Silo Plant with 24 Silo Cells
90(1)
Silo of a Biomass Power Station
91(1)
References
92(1)
Case Studies
93(24)
David Westermann
Rolf Eckhoff
Fire in a Silo for Wood Pellets in Esbjerg, Denmark, 1998-1999
93(17)
David Westermann
Summary
93(1)
Background
94(1)
Siting of the Silo
94(1)
Fire and Rescue Services in Esbjerg
94(1)
The Silo Building
94(1)
Construction
94(1)
Emptying and Filling
94(1)
Instrumentation
95(1)
Explosion Venting
95(1)
Description of Contents
95(1)
Wood Pellets
96(1)
Normal Extinguishing Practice
96(1)
Fires in Grain and Animal Food Silos
96(1)
Fires in Wood-Containing Silos
96(1)
Incident Chronology
97(1)
Day 1 - Initial Confusion
97(1)
Day 2 - Initial Problems
98(1)
Day 3 (Saturday) - Further Problems
98(1)
Day 4 - Further Precautions
98(1)
Day 5 - Further Problems
99(1)
Day 6
100(1)
Day 7
101(1)
Day 8
101(1)
Day 9
101(1)
Day 10
101(1)
Day 11
102(1)
Day 12
102(1)
Day 13
102(1)
Day 14
102(1)
Day 15
102(1)
Day 16
102(1)
Day 17
103(1)
Day 18
103(1)
Day 19
103(1)
Day 20
103(1)
Day 21
104(1)
Day 22
104(1)
Day 23
104(1)
Day 24
104(1)
Day 25
104(1)
Day 26
105(1)
Day 27
105(1)
Day 28
105(1)
Day 29
105(1)
Day 30
105(2)
Problems Arising
107(1)
Unexpected Explosions
107(1)
Fire Spread from Cell to Cell
107(1)
Compacting of Silo Contents
107(1)
Difficulties with Emptying Cells
107(1)
Breakdown of Ancillary Services
108(1)
Measurements
108(1)
Weather
108(1)
Access Lofts
109(1)
Personnel
109(1)
Costs and Material Usage
110(1)
Further Case Studies
110(7)
Rolf K. Eckhoff
Smoldering Gas Explosion in a Large Storage Facility for Grain and Feedstuffs in Tomylovo in the Kuibyshev Region of USSR
110(2)
Smoldering Gas Explosion and Subsequent Successful Extinction of Smoldering Combustion in Pelletized Wheat Bran in a Silo Cell at Nord Mills, Malmo, Sweden, in 1989
112(2)
Extinction Using Water of Smoldering Fire in a Fish Meal Silo in Norway in 1992
114(1)
References
115(2)
Fighting Silo Fires
117(10)
Ulrich Hoischen
Jorg Kayser
Ulrich Krause
Introduction
117(2)
Inert Gases for Silo Fire Fighting
119(1)
Nitrogen
120(1)
Carbon dioxide
120(1)
Fighting a Silo Fire in an Animal Food Production Plant
121(3)
Description of the Situation
121(1)
State Before the Fire
121(1)
Outbreak of the Fire
121(1)
Fire Fighting
122(1)
Emptying the Silo Cell
123(1)
Summary and Conclusion
124(1)
Test Inertization of a Malt Silo
124(3)
Description of Situation
124(1)
Estimating the Necessary Amount of Inert Gas
125(1)
References
125(2)
Necessary Fire Prevention Measures for Silos with Flammable Solid Bulk Materials in Connection with Inerting During a Fire
127(8)
Ulrich Hoischen
Jorg Kayser
Ulrich Krause
Inerting of Silos with Flammable Solid Bulk Materials in Case of Fire
127(1)
Recommendations for Construction, Processing and Operation
128(3)
Construction
128(1)
Measures During Processing and for Fire Detection
129(1)
Operational Measures
129(2)
Measures in Case of Fire
131(2)
Alerting
131(1)
General Measures
131(1)
Sealing of the Silo
132(1)
Inerting and Concentration Measurements
132(1)
Emptying the Silo
132(1)
Summary
133(2)
Predictive Tools for Hazard Assessment of Self-Ignition
135(4)
Ulrich Krause
References
138(1)
Index 139
Dr. habil. Ulrich Krause is head of the division "Fire Engineering" at the German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) in Berlin, Germany, which he joined in 1991. He studied fluid mechanics and thermodynamics at the Technical University of Dresden from 1980 to 1985 and obtained his Ph.D. in 1989. In 2001, he completed his Habilitation(equivalent to D.Sc.) on heat and mass transfer in dust explosions, also at the Technical University of Dresden. His research interests focus on accidental fires in bulk materials, solid fuels, dust explosions, and on the CFD modelling of fires and explosions. He lectures on computational methods in process safety at the Technical University of Berlin. He is member of several EU standardization working groups, has authored and co-authored three monographs, and has published over 50 papers in scientific and technical journals to date.
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