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ix | |
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xi | |
| Preface |
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xiii | |
| Introduction |
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xvii | |
| About the Author |
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xix | |
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1 The First-to-File Rule: Evolution and Application |
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1 | (8) |
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1.1 History of the First-to-File Rule in the United States |
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2 | (3) |
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1.2 "Who's on First?": The Rule and Its Application |
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5 | (2) |
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1.3 Adapting Business Routines to the First-to-File Rule |
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7 | (2) |
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2 Prior Art before and after the AIA: Two Standards Compared |
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9 | (16) |
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2.1 Prior Art and the First-to-File Rule |
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9 | (1) |
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2.2 "But Is It Art?": The Art of Prior Art |
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10 | (1) |
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2.3 And Is It "Prior"?: Pre-AIA Law vs. the AIA |
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11 | (10) |
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2.3.1 U.S. Patents and Published U.S. Patent Applications |
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11 | (3) |
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2.3.2 Patents and Patent Applications Other than those of the United States |
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14 | (2) |
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2.3.3 Other Published Literature |
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16 | (1) |
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2.3.4 Commercial Activities |
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17 | (4) |
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2.3.5 Otherwise Available to the Public |
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21 | (1) |
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2.4 A Servant of Two Masters?: The "Effective Filing Date" and Its Role in Determining the Governing Rule |
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21 | (2) |
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23 | (2) |
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3 Creating One's Own Prior Art: Self-imposed Barriers to Patentability |
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25 | (17) |
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26 | (9) |
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3.1.1 Ready for Patenting? |
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26 | (7) |
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3.1.2 Exceptions for Experimental Use |
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33 | (2) |
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3.2 The Publication Bar: Publish and Perish? |
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35 | (6) |
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3.2.1 Posting on an Internet Server |
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36 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Slide Presentations and Posters at a Conference |
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37 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Submission of a Thesis to a University Library |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (2) |
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41 | (1) |
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4 Canceling Prior Art and Other Benefits of Record Keeping |
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42 | (10) |
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4.1 Derivation Proceedings |
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42 | (3) |
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4.2 Disqualifying Reference Materials as Prior Art |
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45 | (1) |
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4.3 Records Showing Collaboration |
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46 | (2) |
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4.4 Records of Public Disclosures and Commercial Uses |
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48 | (2) |
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50 | (2) |
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5 Inventing in an Employment Environment: The Aia's New Recognition of Employer Interests and Project Management |
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52 | (15) |
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5.1 Project Management and the New Definition of Prior Art |
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53 | (1) |
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5.2 Allowing the Employer to Stand in for the Inventor |
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54 | (2) |
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5.3 What Constitutes an Obligation to Assign? |
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56 | (4) |
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5.4 Implying an Obligation to Assign When There Is No Express Agreement |
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60 | (3) |
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5.5 Having a "Sufficient Proprietary Interest" Other than by Assignment or Obligation to Assign |
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63 | (1) |
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5.6 When No Assignment, Obligation to Assign, or Proprietary Interest: The "Shop Right" |
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63 | (4) |
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6 The Novelty Threshold: Can You Recognize It When You See It? |
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67 | (21) |
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6.1 Anticipation and the "All Elements in a Single Reference" Rule |
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68 | (5) |
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6.1.1 "Incorporation by Reference" of the Missing Element from Another Source |
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70 | (2) |
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6.1.2 Inherent Disclosure of the Missing Element |
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72 | (1) |
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6.2 Novelty in the Arrangement of Parts |
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73 | (4) |
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6.3 Another Argument Against Anticipation: The "Nonenabling Reference" |
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77 | (2) |
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6.4 Caution: A Reference Can Anticipate an Invention Even if It "Teaches Away" from the Invention |
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79 | (5) |
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6.5 Novelty versus Anticipation among Genus, Subgenus, and Species |
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84 | (3) |
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6.5.1 Species Anticipating a Genus |
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84 | (1) |
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6.5.2 Specific Value Anticipating a Range |
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85 | (1) |
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6.5.3 "Shotgun" Disclosures in the Prior Art |
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85 | (1) |
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6.5.4 Species or Subgenus Novel over a Larger, Encompassing Genus |
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86 | (1) |
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6.5.5 Narrow Range Novel over a Broad Range Encompassing the Narrow Range |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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7 Confronting the Prior Art: What Makes an Invention Nonobvious? |
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88 | (20) |
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7.1 "But Every Invention Is a Combination of Old Elements!" |
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90 | (9) |
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7.1.1 Synergism and Changes in Function |
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90 | (2) |
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7.1.2 "But Why Would a Munitions Manufacturer Go to a Horse Trainer (for the Missing Element)?" |
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92 | (2) |
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7.1.3 "But Nobody Knew What the Problem Was (Before I Came Along)!" |
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94 | (1) |
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7.1.4 "But They Said It Couldn't Be Done!" |
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95 | (4) |
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7.2 Pursuing the Unpredictable |
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99 | (8) |
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7.2.1 Predictable Now but Unpredictable Then? |
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101 | (2) |
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7.2.2 Finding a Needle in a Haystack |
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103 | (2) |
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7.2.3 Unpredictability versus Optimization |
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105 | (2) |
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7.3 In Hindsight (and Other Obvious or Nonobvious Thoughts) |
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107 | (1) |
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8 The View from the Infringer's Side: Challenging a Patent's Validity |
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108 | (14) |
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8.1 Do You Really Want to Go to Court? |
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109 | (2) |
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111 | (4) |
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8.3 Options for Challenge before the Patent Is Granted |
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115 | (3) |
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8.4 Options for Challenge after the Patent Is Granted |
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118 | (4) |
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8.4.1 Citation of Prior Art and Written Statements |
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118 | (1) |
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8.4.2 Post-Grant Review and Inter Partes Review |
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119 | (3) |
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9 Patent Eligibility: Pushing the Envelope on Subject Matter Appropriate for Patenting |
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122 | (17) |
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9.1 Medical Diagnostic Methods |
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123 | (4) |
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9.2 Computer-Implemented Processes |
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127 | (3) |
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130 | (3) |
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9.4 The Aia's New Procedure for Challenging Business Method Patents |
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133 | (2) |
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9.5 Conclusion: A Rule for Patent Eligibility? or a Case of "I'll Know It When I See It"? |
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135 | (4) |
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10 Selected Topics in Patent Strategy |
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139 | (18) |
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10.1 Provisional Patent Applications |
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139 | (6) |
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10.2 Strategies in Claim Construction |
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145 | (12) |
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11 Patents and Beyond: The Variety and Scope of Intellectual Property |
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157 | (13) |
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157 | (6) |
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159 | (1) |
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11.1.2 The Right of an Individual to Use Fundamental Skills |
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159 | (1) |
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11.1.3 Comparing Trade Secrets to Patents |
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160 | (3) |
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163 | (1) |
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11.2.1 Choosing a Trademark |
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163 | (1) |
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11.2.2 Securement, Maintenance, and Infringement of Trademark Rights |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (2) |
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166 | (1) |
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11.5 IP Coverage for Plants |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (3) |
| Appendix A Selected Fees Charged by U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and Other U.S. Agencies for Intellectual Property as of January 1,2014 |
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170 | (5) |
| Appendix B Patent Searchers |
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175 | (3) |
| Acronym Glossary |
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178 | (1) |
| Glossary |
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179 | (6) |
| Bibliography, Websites, and Blogs |
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185 | (3) |
| Patents and Published Patent Applications Cited |
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188 | (3) |
| Cases Cited |
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191 | (3) |
| Index |
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194 | |