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E-raamat: Flexibility in Adaptation Planning: When, Where and How to Include Flexibility for Increasing Urban Flood Resilience [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

(UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands)
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Flexibility in Adaptation Planning: When, Where and How to Include Flexibility for Increasing Urban Flood ResilienceSuurem pilt
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The magnitude and urgency of the need to adapt to climate change is such that addressing it has been taken up by the United Nations as one of the sustainable development goals - Goal 13 (SDG13) in 2015. SDG13 emphasises the need to strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate related hazards and natural disasters. Coping with urban floods is one of the major needs of climate adaptation, where integration of climate change responses into flood risk management policies, strategies and planning at international, national, regional and local levels is now the norm. However, much of this integration lacks effectiveness or real commitment from stakeholders involved in adaptation planning and implementation. Hence this research has focused on integrating flexibility based adaptation responses into an urban flood risk management context. The research has synthesised flexible adaptation practices from several disciplines including information technology, automobile and aerospace manufacturing. The outcomes of the research are brought together in a framework for structuring local adaptation responses and an adaptation planning process based on flexibility concepts. The outcomes provide a way to assist with the identification of the appropriate nature and type of flexibility required; where flexibility can best be incorporated; and when is the most appropriate time to implement the flexible adaptation responses in the context of urban flooding.

Acknowledgements vii
Summary xi
Samenvatting xvii
1 Introduction
1(14)
2 Structuring climate adaptation through multiple perspectives: Framework and case study on flood risk management
15(17)
2.1 Introduction
16(2)
2.2 Background
18(4)
2.2.1 Contemporary adaptation planning perspectives
18(1)
2.2.2 Challenges in structuring adaptation responses
19(1)
2.2.3 Gap between adaptation planning and implementation
19(2)
2.2.4 Understanding adaptation in a local context
21(1)
2.3 Methodology
22(1)
2.4 Framework for structuring climate adaptation responses using multiple perspectives
23(6)
2.4.1 Ascertain the adaptation context and needs (Step -1)
24(1)
2.4.2 Bring together the multiple perspectives in adaptation context (Step 2)
25(1)
2.4.3 Determine the drivers of change (Step 3)
26(1)
2.4.4 Collate the characteristic features of adaptation measures (Step 4)
27(1)
2.4.5 Establish the links and compatibility between the adaptation measures across perspectives (Step 5)
27(1)
2.4.6 Finalise and implement adaptation measures (Step 6)
28(1)
2.5 Analysing climate adaptation planning and implementation in an urban context: Can Tho, Vietnam
29(2)
2.5.1 Ascertain the adaptation context and needs (Step -1)
30(1)
2.5 2 Bring together the multiple perspectives in adaptation context (Step 2)
31(1)
2 5.3 Determine the drivers of change (Step 3)
32(7)
2.5.4 Collate the characteristic features of adaptation measures (Step 4)
32(1)
2.5.5 Establish the links and compatibility between the adaptation measures across perspectives (Step 5)
33(1)
2.5.6 Finalise and implement adaptation measures (Step 6)
34(1)
2.6 Discussion
35(3)
2.7 Conclusions
38(1)
3 Coping capacities for improving adaptation pathways for flood protection in Can Tho, Vietnam
39(16)
3.1 Assessment of coping capacity along adaptation pathways
40(2)
3.2 Methodology for assessment of coping capacity on adaptation tipping points and adaptation pathways
42(2)
3.3 Case Study -- Can Tho, Vietnam
44(8)
3.3.1 Current, future situations and objectives (Step 1)
45(1)
3.3.2 Problem Assessment (Step 2)
45(1)
3.3.3 Proposed and potential flood protection measures (Step 3)
46(1)
3.3.4 Social acceptance and Coping with flooding (Step 3a)
46(1)
3.3.5 Revising objectives to reflect coping potential (Step 3b)
47(1)
3.3.6 Determination of ATP (Step 4)
47(3)
3.3.7 Determination of Time of occurrence of ATPs (Step 5)
50(1)
3.3.8 Creating, evaluating and sequencing Adaptation Pathways (Step 6)
50(2)
3.4 Discussion
52(2)
3.5 Conclusions
54(1)
4 Context specific adaptation grammar for climate adaptation in urban areas
55(26)
4.1 Introduction
56(2)
4.2 The Need for context specific adaptation grammar
58(3)
4.3 Methodology
61(5)
4.3.1 Exogenous scenario space
63(1)
4.3.2 Adaptation modules
63(1)
4.3.3 Adaptation trigger
64(1)
4.3.4 Pathway evaluation function
65(1)
4.4 Case Study
66(11)
4.4.1 Structuring the climate adaptation context in Can Tho
66(2)
4.4.2 Application of context specific grammar in Can Tho
68(1)
4.4.2.1 Exogenous scenario space
69(1)
4.4.2.2 Adaptation modules
70(2)
4.4.2.3 Adaptation trigger
72(1)
4.4.2.4 Evaluation of adaptation pathways
73(4)
4.5 Discussion
77(2)
4.6 Conclusions
79(2)
5 Flexible adaptation planning for Water Sensitive Cities
81(20)
5.1 Introduction
82(3)
5.2 Flexibility in contemporary flood risk management practices
85(1)
5.3 Flexibility in Manufacturing
86(2)
5.4 Flexible adaptation planning process in WSC context
88(2)
5.5 Development of flexible adaptation planning process for WSC
90(5)
5.6 Practical considerations for applying WSCapp
95(4)
5.7 Conclusions
99(2)
6 Flexible adaptation planning in a water sensitive Melbourne
101(22)
6.1 Introduction
102(1)
6.2 Methodology
103(1)
6.3 Application of WSCapp in Elster creek, Melbourne
104(16)
6.3.1 Identify vision, scenarios and uncertainty
105(5)
6.3.2 Determine drivers related to uncertainty and the changes anticipated
110(1)
6.3.3 Understand the attributes of adaptation measures and define range of possibilities
111(1)
6.3.4 Identify effective adaptive measures and interactions
112(1)
6.3.4.1 Identification of effective adaptation measures based on change propagation
112(2)
6.3.4.2 Identification of effective adaptation measures based on interrelationships
114(1)
6.3.5 Creating flexible design alternatives or pathways
115(2)
6.3.6 Determine costs and benefits
117(3)
6.3.7 Final portfolio of adaptation measures
120(1)
6.4 Discussion
120(1)
6.5 Conclusions
121(2)
7 Operationalising flexibility: Agile urban planning process
123(30)
7.1 Urgency and uncertainty in urban adaptation
124(4)
7.1.1 Addressing urgency and uncertainty in urban adaptation
127(1)
7.2 Agile Principles
128(14)
7.2.1 Agility principles in Urban Development
139(2)
7.2.2 Essential objectives and practical principles for agile urban adaptation
141(1)
7.3 Possibilities for applying agile principles in Can Tho
142(6)
7.3.1 Are there generally accepted `virtual-worlds'?
143(1)
7.3.2 Equal importance for Type I and Type II adaptation
143(1)
7.3.3 Lack of flexibility and value from the proposed adaptation measures
144(4)
7.3.4 Stakeholders working together
148(1)
7.4 Discussion
148(2)
7.5 Conclusion
150(3)
8 Conclusions
153(8)
9 References
161
Mohanasundar Radhakrishnan comes from an agrarian society in Tamil Nadu, India. He obtained his Bachelors degree in Civil Engineering from University of Madras in 2002 and MSc. degree in Municipal Water and Infrastructure from IHE Delft in 2009. He worked as a design engineer and was involved in the hydraulic design of drinking water distribution networks and bulk water transmission main in various water supply schemes in India. Mohanasundar is now associated with IHE Delfts Flood resilience chair group of Water Science and Engineering Department as a full time PhD student, researching on embedding flexibility in Urban Flood Risk Management systems. His PhD research was funded by Government Of Australia through CRC for Water sensitive cities, a research initiative which brings together the inter-disciplinary research expertise and thought-leadership to undertake research that will revolutionise water management in Australia and overseas.
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