Muutke küpsiste eelistusi

E-raamat: Gas Hydrates 1: Fundamentals, Characterization and Modeling: Fundamentals, Characterization and Modeling [Wiley Online]

Edited by (French Research Institute for the Exploitation of the Sea (Ifremer), France), Edited by (University of Bordeaux, France), Edited by (University of Pau and Pays de l'Adour, France)
  • Formaat: 304 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 06-Jun-2017
  • Kirjastus: ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1119332680
  • ISBN-13: 9781119332688
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Wiley Online
  • Hind: 174,45 €*
  • * hind, mis tagab piiramatu üheaegsete kasutajate arvuga ligipääsu piiramatuks ajaks
Gas Hydrates 1: Fundamentals, Characterization and Modeling: Fundamentals, Characterization and ModelingSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 304 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 06-Jun-2017
  • Kirjastus: ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1119332680
  • ISBN-13: 9781119332688
Teised raamatud teemal:
Wiley Online e-raamatudRohkem infot Wiley Online kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781119332688

Gas hydrates, or clathrate hydrates, are crystalline solids resembling ice, in which small (guest) molecules, typically gases, are trapped inside cavities formed by hydrogen-bonded water (host) molecules. They form and remain stable under low temperatures – often well below ambient conditions – and high pressures ranging from a few bar to hundreds of bar, depending on the guest molecule. Their presence is ubiquitous on Earth, in deep-marine sediments and in permafrost regions, as well as in outer space, on planets or comets. In addition to water, they can be synthesized with organic species as host molecules, resulting in milder stability conditions: these are referred to as semi-clathrate hydrates. Clathrate and semi-clathrate hydrates are being considered for applications as diverse as gas storage and separation, cold storage and transport and water treatment.

This book is the first of two edited volumes, with chapters on the experimental and modeling tools used for characterizing and predicting the unique molecular, thermodynamic and kinetic properties of gas hydrates (Volume 1) and on gas hydrates in their natural environment and for potential industrial applications (Volume 2).

Preface ix
Chapter 1 Neutron Scattering of Clathrate and Semiclathrate Hydrates
1(62)
Arnaud Desmedt
Laura Bedouret
Jacques Ollivier
Claire Petuya
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Neutron scattering
2(12)
1.2.1 A basic ideal scattering experiment
3(1)
1.2.2 Neutron scattering theory
4(2)
1.2.3 Correlation functions
6(1)
1.2.4 Coherent and incoherent scattering
7(4)
1.2.5 A simple example of scattering
11(3)
1.3 Probing structural and dynamical properties of gas hydrates
14(8)
1.3.1 Structures
15(1)
1.3.2 Relaxation of guest molecules and water molecules
16(3)
1.3.3 Excitations and vibrational density of states
19(3)
1.4 Selected examples
22(25)
1.4.1 Inhibition and formation mechanisms
22(7)
1.4.2 Guest replacement in gas hydrates
29(4)
1.4.3 Hydrogen: from its dynamics properties to its storage capabilities
33(8)
1.4.4 Ionic clathrate hydrates and semiclathrates
41(6)
1.5 Concluding remarks
47(2)
1.6 Bibliography
49(14)
Chapter 2 Spectroscopy of Gas Hydrates: From Fundamental Aspects to Chemical Engineering, Geophysical and Astrophysical Applications
63(50)
Bertrand Chazallon
Jennifer A. Noble
Arnaud Desmedt
2.1 Introduction
63(2)
2.2 Vibrational spectrum
65(7)
2.2.1 Intramolecular modes
66(2)
2.2.2 Intermolecular modes
68(4)
2.3 Applications to the investigation of formation mechanism
72(12)
2.3.1 Formation mechanism: nucleation and growth
72(2)
2.3.2 The Raman contribution
74(3)
2.3.3 Insights from IR spectroscopy
77(4)
2.3.4 Formation mechanism: chemical engineering applications
81(3)
2.4 NGHs: contribution of spectroscopy
84(8)
2.5 Clathrate hydrates in astrophysical environments
92(9)
2.5.1 IR spectroscopy of astrophysical ices
93(1)
2.5.2 Interstellar ices
94(2)
2.5.3 Solar system ices
96(4)
2.5.4 Insights from laboratory spectroscopy
100(1)
2.6 Concluding remarks
101(1)
2.7 Bibliography
102(11)
Chapter 3 High-Resolution Optical Microscopy of Gas Hydrates
113(32)
Nelly Hobeika
Maria Lourdes Martinez De Banos
Patrick Bouriat
Daniel Broseta
Ross Brown
3.1 Introduction
113(1)
3.2 Optical methods
114(12)
3.2.1 Beyond bright-field modes in optical microscopy
114(9)
3.2.2 Brewster angle microscopy
123(3)
3.3 Selected examples
126(15)
3.3.1 Hydrate halos growing on glass substrates
128(3)
3.3.2 Hydrate crystallization in a guest-in-water emulsion
131(5)
3.3.3 Adsorption of kinetic hydrate inhibitors
136(5)
3.4 Concluding remarks
141(1)
3.5 Acknowledgments
142(1)
3.6 Bibliography
142(3)
Chapter 4 Calorimetric Characterization of Clathrate and Semiclathrate Hydrates
145(32)
Didier Dalmazzone
Luiz Paulo Sales Silva
Anthony Delahaye
Laurence Fournaison
4.1 Introduction
145(1)
4.2 DTA and differential scanning calorimetry
146(7)
4.2.1 Principles of DTA and DSC
146(1)
4.2.2 Examples of pressure-controlled DTA and DSC devices for hydrate studies
147(5)
4.2.3 Temperature calibration of DSC
152(1)
4.3 Phase equilibrium determination in hydrate systems using pressure-controlled TDA and DSC
153(5)
4.3.1 Proper exploitation of DSC thermograms
153(5)
4.4 Measuring the heat of dissociation and heat capacity of gas hydrates
158(8)
4.4.1 Quantitative in situ hydrate formation
160(2)
4.4.2 Indirect enthalpy measurement and gas content evaluation
162(1)
4.4.3 Heat capacity measurement
163(3)
4.5 Measuring the kinetics of hydrate formation
166(2)
4.6 Conclusion
168(1)
4.7 Bibliography
169(8)
Chapter 5 Thermodynamic Modeling of Solid-Fluid Equilibria: From Pure Solid Phases to Gas Semiclathrate Hydrates
177(50)
Patrice Paricaud
5.1 Introduction
177(2)
5.2 Solid--fluid equilibrium between a fluid mixture and a pure solid phase
179(10)
5.2.1 Solid--liquid equilibrium condition
179(6)
5.2.2 SLE in the presence of electrolyte solutions
185(3)
5.2.3 Solid--fluid equilibrium condition
188(1)
5.3 Solid--liquid equilibrium between a liquid mixture and a solid solution
189(3)
5.4 SLE between a liquid mixture and a solid compound
192(10)
5.4.1 Solid--liquid equilibrium with salt hydrates
192(7)
5.4.2 Solid--liquid equilibrium with semiclathrate hydrates
199(3)
5.5 Thermodynamic model for gas semiclathrate hydrates
202(13)
5.5.1 Paricaud's approach
203(10)
5.5.2 The Eslamimanesh et al. model
213(2)
5.6 Conclusion
215(1)
5.7 Bibliography
215(12)
Chapter 6 Volume and Non-Equilibrium Crystallization of Clathrate Hydrates
227(56)
Baptiste Bouillot
Jean-Michel Herri
6.1 Introduction
227(2)
6.2 Driving force and evidence for non-equilibrium gas hydrate crystallization
229(6)
6.2.1 Driving force
229(4)
6.2.2 Cage occupancy from equilibrium thermodynamics
233(2)
6.3 Non-equilibrium hydrate formation?
235(6)
6.3.1 Evidence from experimental studies
236(2)
6.3.2 Clathrate hydrates in fluid inclusions
238(1)
6.3.3 Evidence from molecular dynamics
239(1)
6.3.4 Experimental and modeling issues
240(1)
6.4 Modeling gas to hydrate transfer: equilibrium thermodynamics versus kinetics
241(1)
6.5 Non-equilibrium flash calculations
242(16)
6.5.1 Basics of flash calculations
242(1)
6.5.2 Conventional flash approach for clathrate hydrates
243(5)
6.5.3 Conclusions on standard flash approaches
248(1)
6.5.4 Non-stoichiometric flash approaches
249(6)
6.5.5 Discussion
255(3)
6.6 A kinetic Langmuir based modeling approach
258(16)
6.6.1 Introduction to the kinetic approach of mixed hydrates
258(9)
6.6.2 Kinetic approach of enclathration
267(7)
6.7 Conclusion
274(1)
6.8 Nomenclature
274(2)
6.8.1 Letters
274(1)
6.8.2 Greek letters
275(1)
6.8.3 Subscript
276(1)
6.8.4 Superscript
276(1)
6.9 Bibliography
276(7)
List of Authors 283(2)
Index 285
Daniel Broseta is Professor and member of the Laboratory of Complex Fluids and their Reservoirs at the University of Pau and Pays de l'Adour in France. His research interests are in interfacial and colloidal phenomena.

Livio Ruffine is a research scientist at the French Research Institute for the Exploitation of the Sea (Ifremer) in Brest, France. His research interests focus on the oceanic methane cycle, with an emphasis on the geochemical dynamics of gas-hydrate deposits.

Arnaud Desmedt is a CNRS researcher at the Institute of Molecular Science at the University of Bordeaux in France. His main research interests are molecular spectroscopy (experimental and modelling) applied to inclusion chemistry and fundamental issues on clathrate hydrates.
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781119332688_pe.html