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1. Introduction to Optimization in Electromagnetics. |
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1.1 Optimizing a Function of One Variable. |
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1.1.5 Quadratic Interpolation. |
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1.2 Optimizing a Function of Multiple Variables. |
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1.2.3 Nelder–Mead Downhill Simplex Algorithm. |
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1.3 Comparing Local Numerical Optimization Algorithms. |
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2. Anatomy of a Genetic Algorithm. |
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2.1 Creating an Initial Population. |
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2.4.1 Roulette Wheel Selection. |
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2.4.2 Tournament Selection. |
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2.5 Generating Offspring. |
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3. Step-by-Step Examples. |
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4. Optimizing Antenna Arrays. |
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4.1 Optimizing Array Amplitude Tapers. |
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4.2 Optimizing Array Phase Tapers. |
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4.2.1 Optimum Quantized Low-Sidelobe Phase Tapers. |
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4.2.2 Phase-Only Array Synthesis Using Adaptive GAs. |
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4.3 Optimizing Arrays with Complex Weighting. |
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4.3.1 Shaped-Beam Synthesis. |
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4.3.2 Creating a Plane Wave in the Near Field. |
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4.4 Optimizing Array Element Spacing. |
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4.4.2 Interleaved Thinned Linear Arrays. |
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4.4.3 Array Element Perturbation. |
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4.4.4 Aperiodic Fractile Arrays. |
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4.4.5 Fractal–Random and Polyfractal Arrays. |
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4.4.6 Aperiodic Refl ectarrays. |
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4.5 Optimizing Conformal Arrays. |
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4.6 Optimizing Reconfi gurable Apertures. |
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4.6.1 Planar Reconfi gurable Cylindrical Wire Antenna Design. |
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4.6.2 Planar Reconfi gurable Ribbon Antenna Design. |
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4.6.3 Design of Volumetric Reconfi gurable Antennas. |
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4.6.4 Simulation Results—Planar Reconfi gurable Cylindrical Wire Antenna. |
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4.6.5 Simulation Results—Volumetric Reconfi gurable Cylindrical Wire Antenna. |
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4.6.6 Simulation Results—Planar Reconfi gurable Ribbon Antenna. |
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5. Smart Antennas Using a GA. |
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5.1 Amplitude and Phase Adaptive Nulling. |
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5.2 Phase-Only Adaptive Nulling. |
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5.4 Adaptive Crossed Dipoles. |
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6. Genetic Algorithm Optimization of Wire Antennas. |
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6.2 GA Design of Electrically Loaded Wire Antennas. |
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6.3 GA Design of Three-Dimensional Crooked-Wire Antennas. |
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6.4 GA Design of Planar Crooked-Wire and Meander-Line Antennas. |
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6.5 GA Design of Yagi–Uda Antennas. |
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7. Optimization of Aperture Antennas. |
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8. Optimization of Scattering. |
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8.1 Scattering from an Array of Strips. |
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8.2 Scattering from Frequency-Selective Surfaces. |
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8.2.1 Optimization of FSS Filters. |
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8.2.2 Optimization of Reconfi gurable FSSs. |
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8.2.3 Optimization of EBGs. |
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8.3 Scattering from Absorbers. |
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8.3.1 Conical or Wedge Absorber Optimization. |
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8.3.2 Multilayer Dielectric Broadband Absorber Optimization. |
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8.3.3 Ultrathin Narrowband Absorber Optimization. |
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9.1 Selecting Population Size and Mutation Rate. |
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9.2 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). |
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9.3 Multiple-Objective Optimization. |
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9.3.2 Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm—Strength Value Calculation. |
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9.3.3 Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm—Pareto Set Clustering. |
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9.3.4 Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm—Implementation. |
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9.3.5 SPEA-Optimized Planar Arrays. |
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9.3.6 SPEA-Optimized Planar Polyfractal Arrays. |
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Appendix: MATLAB(r) Code. |
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