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E-raamat: Geodesy 4th Revised edition [De Gruyter e-raamatud]

  • Formaat: 444 pages, 80 Illustrations, color; 111 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sari: De Gruyter Textbook
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Apr-2012
  • Kirjastus: De Gruyter
  • ISBN-13: 9783110250008
  • De Gruyter e-raamatud
  • Hind: 1 078,80 €*
  • * hind, mis tagab piiramatu üheaegsete kasutajate arvuga ligipääsu piiramatuks ajaks
  • Formaat: 444 pages, 80 Illustrations, color; 111 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sari: De Gruyter Textbook
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Apr-2012
  • Kirjastus: De Gruyter
  • ISBN-13: 9783110250008
The fourth edition of this textbook has been thoroughly revised in order to reflect the central role which geodesy has achieved in the past ten years. The Global Geodetic Observing System established by the IAG utilizes a variety of techniques to determine the geometric shape of the earth and its kinematics, the variations of earth rotation, and the earth´s gravity field. Space techniques play a fundamental role, with recent space missions also including gravity field recovery. Terrestrial techniques are important for regional and local applications, and for validating the results of the space missions. Global and regional reference systems are now well established and widely used. They also serve as a basis for geo-information systems. The analysis of the time variation of the geodetic products provides the link to other geosciences and contributes to proper modelling of geodynamic processes. The book follows the principal directions of geodesy, providing the theoretical background as well as the principles of measurement and evaluation methods. Selected examples of instruments illustrate the geodetic work. An extensive reference list supports further studies. The book is intended to serve as an introductory textbook for graduate students as well as a reference for scientists and engineers in the fields of geodesy, geophysics, surveying engineering and geomatics.

Wolfgang Torge and Jürgen Müller, University of Hannover, Germany.
Preface to the Fourth Edition v
1 Introduction 1(16)
1.1 Definition of geodesy
1(1)
1.2 The objective of geodesy
2(2)
1.3 Historical development of geodesy
4(8)
1.3.1 The spherical Earth model
4(3)
1.3.2 The ellipsoidal Earth model
7(2)
1.3.3 The geoid, arc measurements and national geodetic surveys
9(2)
1.3.4 Three-dimensional geodesy
11(1)
1.3.5 Four-dimensional geodesy
12(1)
1.4 Organization of geodesy, literature
12(5)
1.4.1 National organizations
12(1)
1.4.2 International collaboration
13(2)
1.4.3 Literature
15(2)
2 Reference Systems and Reference Frames 17(36)
2.1 Basic units and constants
17(2)
2.2 Time systems
19(5)
2.2.1 Atomic time, dynamical time systems
20(1)
2.2.2 Sidereal and Universal Time
21(3)
2.3 Reference coordinate systems: fundamentals
24(10)
2.3.1 Celestial Reference System
25(2)
2.3.2 Precession, nutation
27(1)
2.3.3 Terrestrial Reference System
28(2)
2.3.4 Polar motion, Earth rotation
30(4)
2.4 International reference systems and reference frames
34(12)
2.4.1 International Celestial Reference System and Frame
34(5)
2.4.2 International Terrestrial Reference System and Frame
39(3)
2.4.3 Transformation between celestial and terrestrial reference systems, Earth orientation parameters
42(3)
2.4.4 International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service
45(1)
2.5 Local level systems
46(7)
3 The Gravity Field of the Earth 53(38)
3.1 Fundamentals of gravity field theory
53(9)
3.1.1 Gravitation, gravitational potential
53(2)
3.1.2 Gravitation of a spherically symmetric Earth
55(2)
3.1.3 Properties of the gravitational potential
57(3)
3.1.4 Centrifugal acceleration, centrifugal potential
60(1)
3.1.5 Gravity acceleration, gravity potential
61(1)
3.2 Geometry of the gravity field
62(7)
3.2.1 Level surfaces and plumb lines
63(1)
3.2.2 Local gravity field representation
64(3)
3.2.3 Natural coordinates
67(2)
3.3 Spherical harmonic expansion of the gravitational potential
69(7)
3.3.1 Expansion of the reciprocal distance
69(2)
3.3.2 Expansion of the gravitational potential
71(2)
3.3.3 Geometrical interpretation of the surface spherical harmonics
73(1)
3.3.4 Physical interpretation of the spherical harmonic coefficients
74(2)
3.4 The geoid
76(8)
3.4.1 Definition
76(2)
3.4.2 Mean sea level
78(3)
3.4.3 The geoid as height reference surface
81(3)
3.5 Temporal gravity variations
84(7)
3.5.1 Gravitational constant, Earth rotation
85(1)
3.5.2 Tidal acceleration, tidal potential
85(4)
3.5.3 Non-tidal temporal gravity variations
89(2)
4 The Geodetic Earth Model 91(22)
4.1 The rotational ellipsoid
91(8)
4.1.1 Parameters and coordinate systems
91(3)
4.1.2 Curvature
94(2)
4.1.3 Spatial geodetic coordinates
96(3)
4.2 The normal gravity field
99(9)
4.2.1 The level ellipsoid, level spheroids
99(2)
4.2.2 The normal gravity field of the level ellipsoid
101(4)
4.2.3 Geometry of the normal gravity field
105(3)
4.3 Geodetic reference systems, optimum Earth model
108(5)
5 Methods of Measurement 113(110)
5.1 Atmospheric refraction
113(10)
5.1.1 Fundamentals
114(3)
5.1.2 Tropospheric refraction
117(4)
5.1.3 Ionospheric refraction
121(2)
5.2 Satellite observations
123(39)
5.2.1 Undisturbed satellite motion
124(2)
5.2.2 Perturbed satellite motion
126(2)
5.2.3 Artificial Earth satellites
128(3)
5.2.4 Direction, range and range rate (Doppler, DORIS) measurements
131(4)
5.2.5 Global Navigation Satellite Systems GNSS (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and others)
135(15)
5.2.6 Laser distance measurements
150(4)
5.2.7 Satellite altimetry
154(4)
5.2.8 Satellite-to-satellite tracking, satellite gravity gradiometry
158(4)
5.3 Geodetic astronomy
162(13)
5.3.1 Optical observation instruments
163(3)
5.3.2 Astronomic positioning and azimuth determination
166(2)
5.3.3 Reductions
168(2)
5.3.4 Very Long Baseline Interferometry
170(5)
5.4 Gravimetry
175(28)
5.4.1 Absolute gravity measurements
175(8)
5.4.2 Relative gravity measurements
183(6)
5.4.3 Gravity reference systems and gravity standard
189(1)
5.4.4 Gravity measurements on moving platforms
190(7)
5.4.5 Gravity gradiometry
197(2)
5.4.6 Continuous gravity measurements
199(4)
5.5 Terrestrial geodetic measurements
203(20)
5.5.1 Horizontal and vertical angle measurements
204(2)
5.5.2 Distance measurements, total stations
206(6)
5.5.3 Inertial surveying, underwater acoustic positioning
212(3)
5.5.4 Leveling
215(4)
5.5.5 Tilt and strain measurements
219(4)
6 Methods of Positioning and Gravity Field Modeling 223(82)
6.1 Residual gravity field
224(9)
6.1.1 Disturbing potential, height anomaly, geoid height
224(2)
6.1.2 Gravity disturbance, gravity anomaly, deflection of the vertical
226(3)
6.1.3 Statistical description of the gravity field, interpolation
229(4)
6.2 Three-dimensional positioning
233(12)
6.2.1 Observation equations
234(6)
6.2.2 Geodetic datum
240(5)
6.3 Horizontal positioning
245(7)
6.3.1 Ellipsoidal trigonometry
245(2)
6.3.2 Reductions to the ellipsoid
247(2)
6.3.3 Computations on the ellipsoid
249(3)
6.4 Height determination
252(6)
6.4.1 Heights from geometric leveling
253(2)
6.4.2 Trigonometrical heights
255(1)
6.4.3 Heights from GNSS (G PS)
256(2)
6.5 Fundamentals of gravity field modeling
258(13)
6.5.1 The geodetic boundary-value problem
258(4)
6.5.2 Gravitation of topography, digital elevation models
262(2)
6.5.3 Gravity reductions to the geoid
264(5)
6.5.4 Orientation and scale of gravity field models
269(2)
6.6 Global gravity field modeling
271(12)
6.6.1 Spherical harmonic expansion
271(4)
6.6.2 "Satellite-only" gravity field models
275(3)
6.6.3 Combined (high resolution) gravity field models
278(5)
6.7 Local gravity field modeling
283(18)
6.7.1 Gravimetric geoid heights and deflections of the vertical: integral formulas
283(7)
6.7.2 Gravimetric height anomalies and surface deflections of the vertical
290(3)
6.7.3 The external gravity field
293(3)
6.7.4 Astrogeodetic geoid and quasigeoid determination
296(5)
6.8 Least-squares collocation
301(4)
7 Geodetic and Gravimetric Networks 305(28)
7.1 Horizontal control networks
305(11)
7.2 Vertical control networks
316(5)
7.3 Three-dimensional networks
321(9)
7.4 Gravity networks
330(3)
8 Structure and Dynamics of the Earth 333(50)
8.1 The geophysical Earth model
333(4)
8.2 The upper layers of the Earth
337(12)
8.2.1 Structure of the Earth's crust and upper mantle
337(1)
8.2.2 Isostasy
338(4)
8.2.3 Plate tectonics
342(2)
8.2.4 Interpretation of the gravity field
344(5)
8.3 Geodesy and recent geodynamics
349(34)
8.3.1 Geophysical processes and effects on geodetic products
350(3)
8.3.2 Changes in Earth rotation
353(2)
8.3.3 Sea level variations
355(4)
8.3.4 Crustal deformations
359(8)
8.3.5 Gravity field variations with time
367(8)
8.3.6 Earth tides and tidal loading
375(8)
References 383(38)
Index 421
Wolfgang Torge and Jürgen Müller, University of Hannover, Germany.