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E-raamat: Geographical Information System and Crime Mapping [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

(M.D.University, Rohtak, India), (Sophia Girls College, Ajmer, India)
  • Formaat: 195 pages, 7 Tables, black and white; 89 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Nov-2020
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9780429342554
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  • Taylor & Francis e-raamat
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Geographical Information System and Crime MappingSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 195 pages, 7 Tables, black and white; 89 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Nov-2020
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9780429342554
Teised raamatud teemal:
Taylor & Francis e-raamatudRohkem infot Taylor & Francis e-raamatute kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780429342554
Geographical Information System and Crime Mapping features a diverse array of Geographic Information System (GIS) applications in crime analysis, from general issues such as GIS as a communication process, interjurisdictional mapping and data sharing to specific applications in tracking serial killers and predicting violence-prone zones. It supports readers in developing and implementing crime mapping techniques. The distribution of crime is explained with reference to theories of human ecology, transport network, built environment, housing markets, and forms of urban management, including policing. Concepts are supported with relevant case studies and real-time crime data to illustrate concepts and applications of crime mapping. Aimed at senior undergraduate, graduate students, professionals in GIS, Crime Analysis, Spatial Analysis, Ergonomics and human factors, this book:











Provides an update of GIS applications for crime mapping studies





Highlights growing potential of GIS for crime mapping, monitoring, and reduction through developing and implementing crime mapping techniques





Covers Operational Research, Spatial Regression model, Point Analysis and so forth





Builds models helpful in police patrolling, surveillance and crime mapping from a technology perspective





Includes a dedicated section on case studies including exercises and data samples
Foreword xv
Preface xix
Acknowledgments xxiii
Authors xxv
Chapter 1 Introduction
1(26)
1.1 Development of Geographical Information Systems
1(4)
1.1.1 History of GIS Development
2(3)
1.2 Geography of Crime
5(3)
1.2.1 The Cartographic School
5(1)
1.2.2 The Chicago School
6(1)
1.2.3 The Factor Analysis School
7(1)
1.2.4 The Emergence of Environmental Criminology and Geography of Crime
7(1)
1.3 Understanding Spatial Analysis
8(4)
1.3.1 Types of Spatial Analysis
9(1)
1.3.1.1 Autocorrelation
9(1)
1.3.1.2 Spatial Interpolation
9(1)
1.3.1.3 Spatial Regression
10(1)
1.3.1.4 Spatial Interaction
10(1)
1.3.1.5 Simulation and Modeling
11(1)
1.3.2 Data Types in Spatial Analysis
11(1)
1.3.3 Geovisualization
12(1)
1.4 GIS and Its Applications
12(15)
1.4.1 Urban
12(2)
1.4.2 Land Use
14(1)
1.4.3 Transportation
15(1)
1.4.4 Environment
16(1)
1.4.5 Crime
17(2)
1.4.6 Land Information System
19(1)
1.4.7 Agriculture
20(1)
1.4.8 Forestry
21(1)
1.4.9 Water Resources
21(1)
1.4.10 Coastal Development and Management
22(1)
1.4.11 Other Applications
23(1)
Concluding Remarks
24(3)
Chapter 2 Spatial Crime Mapping
27(30)
2.1 Interactions Between Crime, Space, and Society
28(6)
2.1.1 Offenders, Offenses, and Places
29(2)
2.1.2 Crime Prevention, Space, and Communities
31(1)
2.1.3 Understanding Levels of Crime
31(1)
2.1.3.1 Community Level
31(1)
2.1.3.2 International Initiatives
32(1)
2.1.3.3 Designing and Housing
32(1)
2.1.3.4 Law Enforcement
32(1)
2.1.4 Crime and Surveillance
32(1)
2.1.5 Changing Spaces: Urban Design and Crime
32(2)
2.2 Spatial Processes and Criminology
34(9)
2.2.1 Spatially Referenced Crime Rates
35(1)
2.2.2 A Spatial Alternative Measure of Crime: Location Quotient
36(2)
2.2.3 Geographic Profiling
38(2)
2.2.4 Crime and Place
40(1)
2.2.5 Crime Hot Spots
41(2)
2.3 Spatial Crime Theories in Practice
43(3)
2.3.1 Biological Theories
44(1)
2.3.2 Sociological Theories
44(2)
2.4 The Space and Time of Offence
46(11)
2.4.1 Distance Decay
46(1)
2.4.2 Distribution of Crime Events
46(1)
2.4.3 Spatial-Temporal Crime Analysis
47(1)
2.4.4 Understanding Crime in Time and Space
48(2)
Concluding Remarks
50(7)
Chapter 3 The Geography of Neighborhood Studies
57(38)
3.1 Infiltration, Refugee Movements, and Cross-Border Terrorism
57(11)
3.1.1 Infiltration
58(1)
3.1.2 Refugee Movements
59(1)
3.1.3 India and Neighboring Countries
60(1)
3.1.3.1 India-Pakistan Refugee Flows During 1947--1948
60(1)
3.1.3.2 Exodus of Burmese Indians During 1948--1965
61(1)
3.1.3.3 Exodus of Sri Lankan Indians and Tamils Since 1954--1987"
61(1)
3.1.3.4 Flight of Tibetans to India During 1958--1963
61(1)
3.1.3.5 Flight of Tibetans to Nepal During 1959-1989
62(1)
3.1.3.6 Flight of People from Bangladesh to India in 1971
62(1)
3.1.3.7 The Flight of Afghans from Afghanistan to Pakistan During 1978--1993
62(1)
3.1.3.8 Flight of Burmese Muslims to Bangladesh in 1978
62(1)
3.1.3.9 Flight of Chakmas and Hajong to India in 1981
63(1)
3.1.3.10 Exodus of Bhutanese of Nepali Origin to Nepal in 1990--1991
63(1)
3.1.3.11 From Bangladesh to Assam in India Since 1971
63(1)
3.1.4 Refugee Movement and Crime
64(1)
3.1.5 Terrorism
65(1)
3.1.5.1 Transnational Terrorism
66(2)
3.2 Crimes Against Women
68(6)
3.2.1 Projected Rapes in India
70(2)
3.2.2 Projected Dowry Deaths in India
72(1)
3.2.3 Kidnapping and Abduction
73(1)
3.2.4 Cruelty by Husband and Relatives
73(1)
3.3 Juvenile Delinquency
74(10)
3.3.1 International Scenario
75(1)
3.3.2 Indian Scenario
76(2)
3.3.3 Types of Delinquency
78(1)
3.3.3.1 Individual Delinquency
78(1)
3.3.3.2 Group-Supported Delinquency
79(1)
3.3.3.3 Organized Delinquency
79(1)
3.3.3.4 Situational Delinquency
79(1)
3.3.4 Reasons for Juvenile Crimes
80(1)
3.3.4.1 Biological Factors
80(1)
3.3.4.2 Socioeconomic Factors
80(1)
3.3.4.3 Psychological Factors
81(1)
3.3.4.4 Socio-Environmental Factors
81(1)
Mobility
81(1)
Cultural Conflicts
82(1)
Environmental Factors in the Family
82(1)
Structural Breaks in the Family
82(1)
Substance Abuse
82(1)
Peer Association
83(1)
Mass Media
83(1)
Neighborhood
83(1)
3.4 Crime in NCR
84(11)
3.4.1 NCR Constituent Areas
84(1)
3.4.2 Crime Scenario at National Level
85(1)
3.4.3 Crime Scenario in NCR
86(2)
3.4.3.1 Crime Rate Reduction in the Future
88(1)
3.4.3.2 Crimes Against Women
88(1)
3.4.3.3 Measures to Control Crime in NCR
89(1)
Neighborhood Watch Scheme
90(1)
Eyes and Ears Scheme
90(1)
Concluding Remarks
90(5)
Chapter 4 Identifying Crime Hot Spots
95(24)
4.1 Spatial Interpolation and GIS
95(12)
4.1.1 Inverse Distance Weight (IDW)
98(5)
4.1.2 Kriging
103(1)
4.1.3 Density
104(3)
4.2 Hot Spot Analysis
107(3)
4.3 Regression Analysis
110(9)
4.3.1 Ordinary Least Square (OLS)
112(4)
4.3.2 Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR)
116(1)
4.3.3 Applications of Regression Analysis
117(1)
Concluding Remarks
118(1)
Chapter 5 Crime Mapping and Geospatial Analysis
119(30)
5.1 Demographic Patterns and Profiles
119(3)
5.1.1 Demography
120(1)
5.1.2 Characteristics of Demography
121(1)
5.1.2.1 Size and Shape of Population
121(1)
5.1.2.2 Aspects Related to Birth Rate and Death Rate
121(1)
5.1.2.3 Composition and Density of Population
121(1)
5.1.2.4 Socioeconomic Problems
121(1)
5.1.3 Quantitative and Qualitative Aspects
121(1)
5.2 Demographic Dividend or a Demon
122(8)
5.3 Crime Mapping and Geographical Concerns
130(4)
5.3.1 Population Distribution: High Population Densities
130(1)
5.3.2 Interaction Between Transport and Location
130(1)
5.3.3 The Atmospheric and Climatic Framework: The Climate and Atmospheric Circulation
131(1)
5.3.4 Meteorological Risks: Cloudbursts and Flash Flooding
131(1)
5.3.5 Emissions and Air Quality: Dispersion of Air Pollutants
131(1)
5.3.6 Geology and Soils: Substrate and Relief: Geotechnical Problems and Risks
131(1)
5.3.7 Mining Activities: Mines and Restoration Work
131(1)
5.3.8 Soils: Their Use and Pollution
131(1)
5.3.9 Surface and Ground Water: The Water Supply Network: Characteristics and Socio-Environmental Problems
131(1)
5.3.10 Sewage: Types, Treatment, and Use
132(1)
5.3.11 Landscape Ecological Structures and Continental Biology: The Environmental Landscape
132(1)
5.3.12 The Biological Heritage: Fauna, Vegetation, and Urban Green Areas
132(1)
5.3.13 Nature Management and Environmental Parameters
132(1)
5.3.14 Energy: Energy Requirements: Strategy, Consumption, and Energy Infrastructures
132(1)
5.3.15 Geographical Concerns and Crime
133(1)
5.3.16 Illegal Wild Animal Trafficking
133(1)
5.3.17 Illegal Lumbering
133(1)
5.3.18 Wastage Dumping in Rivers and Lakes
133(1)
5.3.19 Electronic Waste Mismanagement
133(1)
5.4 Network Analysis
134(8)
5.4.1 Overview of Networks
135(1)
5.4.2 Shortest Path
136(1)
5.4.2.1 Road Networks
137(1)
5.4.3 Traveling Salespeople
138(1)
5.4.4 Network Partition
139(1)
5.4.5 Network Analysis Workflow
139(2)
5.4.6 Types of Network Analysis Layers
141(1)
5.4.6.1 Service Areas
142(1)
5.4.6.2 OD Cost Matrix
142(1)
5.5 Transportation Modeling
142(7)
5.5.1 Common Limitations and Issues
144(2)
5.5.2 Vehicle Routing Problem
146(1)
5.5.2.1 Location-Allocation
147(1)
5.5.2.2 Time-Dependent Analysis
147(1)
Concluding Remarks
147(2)
Chapter 6 Mapping for Operational Police Activities
149(26)
6.1 Police Patrolling and Surveillance
149(2)
6.1.1 The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment
150(1)
6.1.2 The Proactive Paradigm Shift
150(1)
6.1.3 Problem-Oriented Policing
151(1)
6.2 Crime Scheduling and Time Management
151(1)
6.3 Strategic Crime Analysis in Ajmer City (Rajasthan), India: Analyzing the Underlying Drivers of Crime Using Geospatial Techniques
152(23)
6.3.1 Study Area: Ajmer City, Rajasthan (India)
154(14)
6.3.2 A Case Study of Dargah Region, Ajmer City, Rajasthan (India)
168(4)
6.3.3 SATARK Application
172(1)
Concluding Remarks
173(2)
Chapter 7 Crime Monitoring and Management
175(18)
7.1 Role of National Crime Record Bureau (NCRB)
176(3)
7.1.1 Major Components of NCRB
176(1)
7.1.1.1 Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems (CCTNS)
176(1)
7.1.1.2 Citizen Portals
177(1)
7.1.1.3 Interoperable Criminal Justice System (ICJS)
177(1)
7.1.1.4 Crime Records Matching
177(1)
7.1.1.5 Central Finger Print Bureau
178(1)
7.1.1.6 Crime Statistics
178(1)
7.2 Safe City Concepts
179(6)
7.2.1 Building Urban Safety Through Urban Vulnerabilities Reduction
179(1)
7.2.2 Building Urban Safety Through Urban Planning, Management, and Governance
180(1)
7.2.3 Improving the Governance of Safety
180(1)
7.2.4 Safe City Concept: An India Perspective
180(1)
7.2.5 Elements of Safe City
180(2)
7.2.5.1 Detection and Integration
182(1)
7.2.5.2 Analysis
182(1)
7.2.5.3 Decision
182(1)
7.2.6 Components of Safe City
182(1)
7.2.6.1 Surveillance System and Equipment
182(1)
7.2.6.2 Network Connectivity
183(1)
7.2.6.3 Data Center
183(1)
7.2.6.4 Command Viewing Centers
183(1)
7.2.6.5 Collaborative Monitoring
184(1)
7.2.6.6 Change Management and Capacity Building
185(1)
7.2.6.7 Safe City Drivers in India
185(1)
7.3 Policy Making and Framework Development
185(3)
7.3.1 Process of Policy Making
185(1)
7.3.1.1 Agenda Building
186(1)
7.3.1.2 Formulation and Adoption
186(1)
7.3.1.3 Implementation
187(1)
7.3.1.4 Evaluation and Termination
187(1)
7.3.2 Framework Development
187(1)
7.4 GIS for Social Welfare
188(5)
7.4.1 GIS and Society
189(1)
7.4.1.1 Public Health
190(1)
7.4.1.2 Real Estate Development
190(1)
7.4.1.3 Urban and Rural Planning
190(1)
7.4.1.4 Geo-demographics
190(1)
7.4.1.5 Geographic History
190(1)
7.4.1.6 Emergency Planning
191(1)
7.4.1.7 Criminology
191(1)
7.4.1.8 Transport Modeling and Support
191(2)
Index 193
Monika Kannan is an educationist working as Head, P.G Department of Geography, Sophia Girls College (Autonomous), Ajmer, Rajasthan, India. She is engaged in teaching and research for the last 16 years contributing in the area of Social Geography, South Asian Studies, Border Disputes, Crime Analysis and Geopolitics. She has written 5 books and has nearly 54 research papers to her credit published in journal and magazines of national in international repute. She has been awarded with Certificate of Excellence- by France Congress, Paris for an outstanding presentation. Dr. Kannan is the Chief Editor Khoj-The International Peer Reviewed Journal of Geography, besides being on the editorial boards of several other journals. She has organized several conferences and undertaken many research projects. Presently she is the Principal Investigator for an ICSSR Major project (Impress Scheme) on Impact of Geographical Space and Urban Transformation on Woman in Society: A Study of Ajmer City (Rajasthan). Mehtab Singh is Professor of Geography since 2012 in the Department of Geography, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India. His field of expertise is Environment & Resource Planning. Dr Singh has to his credit 3 books published by National and International Publishers and more than a dozen research papers published in National and International journals of repute. He organized prestigious International Geographical Union (IGU) Conference on Geoinformatics for Biodiversity and Climate Change. Dr. Singh has also organized many Capacity Building Training Programmes in Geospatial Technologies. He is Principal Investigator in Department of Science and Technology New Delhi Project on Village Information System. Dr Singh was member, Task Force for Formulation of National Landslide Risk Management Strategy, NDMA, New Delhi. He has been key speaker in various National and International Conferences held in India and abroad. Dr Singh is also member of various committees in Central and State Universities.
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