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E-raamat: Geometry of Crystals, Polycrystals, and Phase Transformations [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

(University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England)
  • Formaat: 252 pages, 11 Tables, black and white; 114 Illustrations, color
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Aug-2017
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781315114910
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  • Taylor & Francis e-raamat
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Geometry of Crystals, Polycrystals, and Phase TransformationsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 252 pages, 11 Tables, black and white; 114 Illustrations, color
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Aug-2017
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781315114910
Teised raamatud teemal:
Taylor & Francis e-raamatudRohkem infot Taylor & Francis e-raamatute kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315114910
Organized into a two-part structure aimed at readers of differing experience levels, Geometry of Crystals, Polycrystals, and Phase Transformations is accessible to both newcomers and advanced researchers within the field of crystallography. The first part of the text covers what any reader in the material sciences, physics, chemistry, earth sciences and natural sciences in general should know about crystallography. It is intentionally concise and covers sufficient material to form a firm foundation. The second part is aimed at researchers and discusses phase transformations, deformations, and interface crystallography in depth. The phase transformations are limited to those dominated by crystallography. The entire book contains worked examples and uniquely deals not just with crystals but aggregates of crystals and solid-state transformations between crystals.
Preface and Acknowledgments xi
Author xiii
Acronyms xv
I Basic Crystallography
1(110)
1 Introduction and Point Groups
3(26)
1.1 Introduction
3(2)
1.2 The lattice
5(3)
Primitive representation of Cubic-F
7(1)
1.3 Bravais lattices
8(1)
1.4 Directions
9(4)
Number of equivalent indices
12(1)
1.5 Planes
13(1)
1.6 Weiss zone law "
14(1)
1.7 Symmetry
14(1)
1.8 Symmetry operations
15(3)
Five-fold rotation
17(1)
1.9 Crystal structure
18(3)
Structure of graphene
20(1)
1.10 Point group symmetry
21(4)
Point symmetry of chess pieces
23(1)
Octahedral interstices in iron
23(2)
1.11 Summary
25(4)
2 Stereographic Projections
29(16)
2.1 Introduction
29(2)
Projection of small circle
29(2)
2.2 Utility of stereographic projections
31(1)
2.3 Stereographic projection: construction and characteristics
32(6)
Radius of trace of great circle on Wulff net
35(1)
Traces of plates
36(2)
2.4 Stereographic representation of point groups
38(4)
Mirror plane equivalent to 2
38(1)
The point groups 3m and m3
39(3)
2.5 Summary
42(3)
3 Stereograms for Low Symmetry Systems
45(10)
3.1 Introduction
45(1)
3.2 Hexagonal system
46(6)
Angles in the hexagonal system
48(2)
Growth direction of cementite laths
50(2)
3.3 Summary
52(3)
4 Space Groups
55(12)
4.1 Introduction
55(1)
4.2 Screw axes and glide planes
55(1)
4.3 Cuprite
56(2)
4.4 Location of atoms in cuprite cell
58(5)
Space group of Fe-Si-U compound
60(1)
Cementite
61(1)
Diamond and zinc sulfide
62(1)
4.5 Shape of precipitates
63(1)
4.6 Summary
64(3)
5 The Reciprocal Lattice and Diffraction
67(14)
5.1 The reciprocal basis
67(3)
Weiss zone law
68(2)
5.2 Crystallography of diffraction
70(1)
5.3 Intensities
70(6)
Solution of electron diffraction pattern
71(2)
Another diffraction pattern solution
73(1)
Disordered and ordered crystals
74(2)
5.4 Diffraction from thin crystals
76(2)
5.5 Neutron diffraction
78(1)
5.6 Summary
79(2)
6 Deformation and Texture
81(12)
6.1 Slip in a single-crystal
81(4)
Elongation during single-crystal deformation
83(1)
ε martensite
84(1)
6.2 Texture
85(3)
6.3 Orientation distribution functions
88(2)
Euler angles relating two frames
89(1)
6.4 Summary
90(3)
7 Interfaces, Orientation Relationships
93(10)
7.1 Introduction
93(1)
7.2 Symmetrical tilt boundary
94(2)
7.3 Coincidence site lattices
96(1)
7.4 Representation of orientation relationships
96(4)
Coordinate transformation
97(3)
7.5 Mathematical method for determining Σ
100(1)
7.6 Summary
101(2)
8 Crystallography of Martensitic Transformations
103(8)
8.1 Introduction
103(1)
8.2 Shape deformation
104(1)
8.3 Bain strain
104(5)
8.4 Summary
109(2)
II A Few Advanced Methods
111(128)
9 Orientation Relations
113(20)
9.1 Introduction
113(1)
9.2 Cementite in steels
114(4)
Bagaryatski orientation relationship
114(4)
9.3 Relations between fcc and bcc crystals
118(4)
Kurdjumov--Sachs orientation relationship
119(3)
9.4 Relationships between grains of identical structure
122(4)
Axis-angle pairs and rotation matrices
122(3)
Double twinning
125(1)
9.5 The metric
126(1)
Plane normals and directions in an orthorhombic structure
126(1)
9.6 More about the vector cross product
127(2)
9.7 Summary
129(4)
10 Homogeneous deformations
133(20)
10.1 Introduction
133(1)
10.2 Homogeneous deformations
134(4)
Bain strain: undistorted vectors
136(2)
10.3 Eigenvectors and eigenvalues
138(2)
Eigenvectors and eigenvalues
139(1)
10.4 Stretch and rotation
140(3)
10.5 Interfaces
143(1)
Deformations and interfaces
143(1)
10.6 Topology of grain deformation
144(5)
10.7 Summary
149(4)
11 Invariant-plane strains
153(32)
11.1 Introduction
153(8)
Tensile tests on single-crystals
157(3)
Transition from easy glide to duplex slip
160(1)
11.2 Deformation twins
161(3)
Twins in fee crystals
161(3)
11.3 Correspondence matrix
164(1)
11.4 An alternative to the Bain strain
165(2)
11.5 Stepped interfaces
167(11)
Interaction of dislocations with interfaces
168(4)
FCC to HCP transformation revisited
172(6)
11.6 Conjugate of an invariant-plane strain
178(3)
Combined effect of two invariant-plane strains
179(2)
11.7 Summary
181(4)
12 Martensite
185(26)
12.1 Introduction
185(1)
12.2 Shape deformation
185(3)
12.3 Interfacial structure of martensite
188(2)
12.4 Phenomenological theory of martensite crystallography
190(3)
12.5 Stage 1: Calculation of lattice transformation strain
193(4)
Determination of lattice transformation strain
194(3)
12.6 Stage 2: Determination of the orientation relationship
197(1)
Martensite-austenite orientation relationship
197(1)
12.7 Stage 3: Nature of the shape deformation
198(3)
Habit plane and the shape deformation
199(2)
12.8 Stage 4: Nature of the lattice-invariant shear
201(3)
Lattice-invariant shear
202(2)
12.9 Texture due to displacive transformations
204(2)
12.10 Summary
206(5)
13 Interfaces
211(28)
13.1 Introduction
211(1)
13.2 Misfit
212(7)
Symmetrical tilt boundary
214(3)
Interface between alpha and beta brass
217(2)
13.3 Coincidence site lattices
219(6)
Coincidence site lattices
219(3)
Symmetry and the axis-angle representations of CSL's
222(3)
13.4 The O-lattice
225(3)
α/β brass interface using O-lattice theory
227(1)
13.5 Secondary dislocations
228(2)
Intrinsic secondary dislocations
229(1)
13.6 The DSC lattice
230(3)
13.7 Some difficulties associated with interface theory
233(1)
13.8 Summary
234(5)
Appendices
239(10)
A Matrix methods
241(6)
A.1 Vectors
241(1)
A.2 Matrices
242(5)
B General rotation matrix
247(2)
Index 249
Sir Harshad K.D.H. Bhadeshia, FREng, FRS, FNAE, is the Tata Steel Professor of Metallurgy at the University of Cambridge. After earning his PhD from the University of Cambrdige, he worked as a Science Research Council Research Fellow until 1981 and has been part of the academic staff at the University of Cambridge since then. He is the author of more than 500 published papers in the field of metallurgy and several books. In 2006, he was awarded the Bessemer Gold Medal by the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining for "outstanding services to the Steel Industry." In November 2008, he became the first Tata Steel Professor of Metallurgy and he established and took the lead of the new SKF University Technology Centre in May 2009 between SKF and the University of Cambridge to conduct research in the field of the physical metallurgy of bearing steels.
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