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E-raamat: Global Navigation Satellite Systems: New Technologies and Applications 2nd edition [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

(Computer Aided Design Centre, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India)
  • Formaat: 370 pages, 15 Tables, black and white; 70 Halftones, black and white; 65 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 10-May-2021
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781003148753
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  • Taylor & Francis e-raamat
  • Hind: 193,88 €*
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Global Navigation Satellite Systems: New Technologies and Applications 2nd editionSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 370 pages, 15 Tables, black and white; 70 Halftones, black and white; 65 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 10-May-2021
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781003148753
Teised raamatud teemal:
Taylor & Francis e-raamatudRohkem infot Taylor & Francis e-raamatute kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003148753
"Global navigation satellite systems GNSS and their technology have advanced in the recent years and this revised and updated second edition provides a thorough understanding of the basic principles and techniques of GNSS, analyzes all four active systems and explains clearly how each GNSS works. Because of its straightforward treatment of the subject, readers gain an insight into the techniques, trends, and applications of GNSS, and develop knowledge on selecting an appropriate GNSS instrument. Written for students and practitioners in Geoinformatics, Geomatics Engineering, Surveying and Remote Sensing and GIS, this introductory and practical book includes questions and exercises in each chapter"--

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and their associated technologies have advanced by leaps and bounds in the nine years since the first edition of this book was published. The concept of survey has changed, especially in the disciplines of geomatics and geoinformatics. This revised and updated second edition provides a thorough understanding of the basic principles and techniques of GNSS, analyzes all four active systems, and explains clearly how each of these systems works. Because of its straightforward treatment of the subject, readers will gain an insight into the techniques, trends, and applications of GNSS and develop knowledge on selecting an appropriate GNSS instrument. Written for students and practitioners in geoinformatics, geomatics engineering, surveying, and remote sensing and GIS, this introductory and practical book includes questions and exercises in each chapter.

Key Features:


• Furnishes detailed information on GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou, and other regional and augmented systems
• Provides practical guidance for surveying, mapping, and navigation with GNSS
• Sheds light on the latest developments and modern trends of GNSS
• Includes a detailed glossary of related terms
• Contains many illustrations that complement the text
• Exercises for each chapter
• MCQ, solution manual for mathematical problems, and PPT as online resources

Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xvii
Author xix
Acronyms xxi
Chapter 1 Overview of GNSS
1(18)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Definition of GNSS
1(1)
1.3 Navigation and Positioning
2(1)
1.4 Points of Reference
2(3)
1.5 History of Navigation Systems
5(11)
1.5.1 The Celestial Age
5(3)
1.5.2 The Radio Age
8(4)
1.5.3 The Satellite Age
12(4)
1.6 Satellite-Based Navigation and Positioning Systems
16(3)
Chapter 2 Functional Segments of GNSS
19(20)
2.1 Introduction
19(1)
2.2 Space Segment
19(10)
2.2.1 GPS Space Segment
21(3)
2.2.2 GLONASS Space Segment
24(2)
2.2.3 Galileo Space Segment
26(2)
2.2.4 BeiDou Space Segment
28(1)
2.3 Control Segment
29(4)
2.3.1 GPS Control Segment
31(1)
2.3.2 GLONASS Control Segment
32(1)
2.3.3 Galileo Control Segment
32(1)
2.3.4 BeiDou Control Segment
33(1)
2.4 User Segment
33(2)
2.5 Summary and Comparison of the Four Systems
35(4)
Chapter 3 Working Principle of GNSS
39(16)
3.1 Introduction
39(1)
3.2 Triangulation and Trilateration
39(4)
3.3 Almanac and Ephemeris
43(1)
3.4 Time and Range
44(2)
3.5 Number of Satellites
46(1)
3.6 Time Synchronisation
46(3)
3.7 Satellite Orbit and Location
49(2)
3.8 Signal-Related Parameters
51(4)
Chapter 4 GNSS Signals and Range Determination
55(32)
4.1 Introduction
55(1)
4.2 Concepts of Radio Waves
55(5)
4.2.1 Electromagnetic Wave
55(2)
4.2.2 Electromagnetic Spectrum
57(1)
4.2.3 Source of Radio Waves
57(1)
4.2.4 Strength of Radio Waves
58(1)
4.2.5 Radio Transmitter and Receiver
59(1)
4.3 GNSS Signals---Carriers and Codes
60(1)
4.4 Information Carried by GNSS Signal
61(2)
4.5 Navigation Message
63(4)
4.5.1 GNSS Time
64(2)
4.5.2 Satellite Clocks
66(1)
4.5.3 Broadcast Ephemeris
66(1)
4.5.4 Atmospheric Correction
67(1)
4.5.5 Broadcast Almanac
67(1)
4.5.6 Satellite Health
67(1)
4.6 Ranging Codes
67(2)
4.7 Modulated Carrier Wave and Phase Shift
69(2)
4.8 Observables---Pseudorange and Carrier Phase
71(6)
4.8.1 Encoding by Phase Modulation
72(5)
4.9 Pseudorange Measurement
77(3)
4.9.1 Autocorrelation
77(2)
4.9.2 Lock and Time Shift
79(1)
4.9.3 Pseudoranging Equation
79(1)
4.10 Carrier Phase Measurement
80(7)
4.1.01 Doppler Effect
81(1)
4.1.02 Carrier Phase Measurement Equation
82(5)
Chapter 5 Errors and Accuracy Issues
87(28)
5.1 Introduction
87(1)
5.2 Impacts of Errors in Pseudoranges
88(1)
5.3 Satellite Clock Error
89(2)
5.3.1 Relativistic Effects on the Satellite Clock
89(1)
5.3.2 Satellite Clock Drift
90(1)
5.4 Atmospheric Effects
91(5)
5.4.1 Ionospheric Delay
91(4)
5.4.2 Tropospheric Delay
95(1)
5.5 Multipath Signal
96(2)
5.6 Receiver Clock Error
98(1)
5.7 Receiver Noise
99(1)
5.8 Orbital/Ephemeris Errors
100(2)
5.8.1 Orbital Characteristics of Satellites
100(2)
5.9 Other Accuracy Related Issues
102(9)
5.9.1 Number of Satellites
102(2)
5.9.2 Dilution of Precision
104(6)
5.9.3 SA and AS
110(1)
5.10 Estimation of Error Budget
111(4)
Chapter 6 Positioning Methods
115(36)
6.1 Introduction
115(1)
6.2 Classification of Positioning
115(1)
6.3 Point Positioning and Autonomous Positioning
116(2)
6.4 Differential Positioning and Relative Positioning
118(14)
6.4.1 Code-Based Differential Technique
120(2)
6.41.1 Position Domain and Measurement Domain Differential Strategies
122(1)
6.41.2 Real-Time and Post-Processed Techniques
123(1)
6.41.3 Autonomous and Inverted Techniques
123(2)
6.4.2 Carrier-Based Relative Technique
125(1)
6.42.1 Single Difference
126(2)
6.42.2 Double Difference
128(1)
6.42.3 Triple Difference
129(3)
6.5 Autonomous Positioning
132(2)
6.6 Differential and Relative Correction Sources
134(2)
6.6.1 Communication (Radio) Link
135(1)
6.7 Processing Algorithms, Operational Mode and Other Enhancements
136(8)
6.7.1 Software Enhancements
138(1)
6.71.1 Clock-Aiding and Height-Aiding
138(1)
6.71.2 Using Carrier Phase Data to Smooth Pseudorange Data
139(1)
6.71.3 Kalman Filter
139(2)
6.7.2 Hardware Enhancements: GNSS and Other Sensors
141(3)
6.8 Miscellaneous Discussion
144(4)
6.8.1 Online Data Processing Services
145(3)
6.9 Summary of Positioning Methods
148(3)
Chapter 7 GNSS Augmentations and Other Navigation Satellite Systems
151(18)
7.1 Introduction
151(1)
7.2 GNSS-1 and GNSS-2
151(1)
7.3 GNSS Augmentations
152(8)
7.3.1 Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems
152(1)
7.31.1 EGNOS
153(2)
7.31.2 WAAS
155(1)
7.31.3 MSAS
156(1)
7.31.4 GAGAN
156(1)
7.31.5 SDCM
157(1)
7.31.6 Other Government SBAS Systems
157(1)
7.31.7 Commercial SBAS Systems
157(1)
7.3.2 Ground-Based Augmentation Systems
158(1)
7.32.1 LAAS
159(1)
7.32.2 DGPS
159(1)
7.32.3 Augmentation Services from Trimble, Leica, and Others
159(1)
7.4 Regional Navigation Satellite Systems
160(3)
7.4.1 Quasi-Zenith Satellite System
160(1)
7.4.2 Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (NavIC)
161(2)
7.5 Inertial Navigation System
163(1)
7.6 Pseudolite
164(1)
7.7 Interoperability and Integrity of GNSS
165(4)
Chapter 8 GNSS Receivers
169(30)
8.1 Introduction
169(1)
8.2 Receiver Architecture
169(8)
8.2.1 Receiver Antenna
169(3)
8.2.2 RF Section
172(2)
8.2.3 Microprocessor
174(1)
8.2.4 Control and Display Unit
174(1)
8.2.5 Storage Unit
175(1)
8.2.6 Power Unit
175(1)
8.2.7 Radio Modem
176(1)
8.3 Signal Acquisition and Positioning
177(4)
8.3.1 Doppler Shift
178(1)
8.3.2 Time Shift
179(1)
8.3.3 Integer Ambiguity
180(1)
8.4 Classification of GNSS Receivers
181(5)
8.5 Receiver Independent Exchange Format
186(1)
8.6 Choosing a GNSS Receiver
186(7)
8.7 GNSS Receiver Manufacturers
193(1)
8.8 Smartphone for Survey
193(6)
Chapter 9 Geodesy
199(28)
9.1 Introduction
199(1)
9.2 Coordinate System
200(4)
9.2.1 Celestial Equatorial Coordinate System
200(1)
9.2.2 Earth-Cantered Inertial Coordinate System
200(1)
9.2.3 Geographical Coordinate System
201(2)
9.2.4 Earth-Cantered Earth-Fixed Coordinate System
203(1)
9.3 Shape of the Earth
204(2)
9.4 Datum
206(4)
9.4.1 WGS 1984 Datum
208(1)
9.4.2 Indian Geodetic Datum
209(1)
9.4.3 International Terrestrial Reference System
209(1)
9.5 Ellipsoids and Datums Used in GNSS
210(4)
9.5.1 GNSS and Height Measurement
213(1)
9.6 Projection
214(13)
9.6.1 Selection of Projection
215(1)
9.6.2 Classification of Projections
216(1)
9.62.1 Cylindrical Projections
216(2)
9.62.2 Conical Projections
218(1)
9.62.3 Azimuthal Projections
219(1)
9.62.4 Miscellaneous Projections
220(1)
9.6.3 Projection Parameters
220(1)
9.63.1 Linear Parameters
221(1)
9.63.2 Angular Parameters
221(1)
9.6.4 Common Projections
222(1)
9.64.1 Polyconic Projection
222(1)
9.64.2 Lambert's Azimuthal Equal-Area Projection
223(1)
9.64.3 UTM Projection
223(1)
9.64.4 Latitude/Longitude Geographic Coordinates
224(3)
Chapter 10 Applications of GNSS
227(32)
10.1 Introduction
227(1)
10.2 Classification of GNSS Applications
227(4)
10.3 Surveying and Mapping
231(8)
10.3.1 Geodetic Control Survey
232(1)
10.3.2 GIS Mapping
233(1)
10.3.3 Structural Deformation Survey
233(2)
10.3.4 Construction Stakeout and Grading
235(1)
10.3.5 Coastal Engineering Surveys
236(1)
10.3.6 Photogrammetric Mapping Control
236(1)
10.3.7 Remote Sensing Applications Control Survey
237(1)
10.3.8 Geophysics, Geology, and Archaeological Survey
238(1)
10.4 Navigation
239(4)
10.4.1 Automobile Navigation
240(1)
10.4.2 Aircraft/UAV Navigation
241(1)
10.4.3 Maritime Navigation
242(1)
10.4.4 Machine Control and Navigation
242(1)
10.4.5 Navigation for Bicyclers, Hikers, Climbers, and Pedestrians
242(1)
10.4.6 Space Flight and Satellite Navigation
243(1)
10.5 Tracking
243(4)
10.5.1 Fleet Management
244(1)
10.5.2 Parking Automation
245(1)
10.5.3 Tracking of Spacecraft
245(1)
10.5.4 Tracking of People
246(1)
10.6 Time-Related Applications
247(1)
10.7 Geodesy
247(1)
10.8 Civil Engineering
248(1)
10.9 Location-Based Services
248(2)
10.10 Scientific and Research Applications
250(2)
10.1.01 Atmospheric Study
251(1)
10.1.02 Tectonics and Seismology
251(1)
10.11 Animal Surveillance and Wildlife Applications
252(1)
10.12 Military Applications
253(2)
10.13 Precision Agriculture
255(1)
10.14 Other Applications
256(3)
Chapter 11 Surveying with GNSS
259(42)
11.1 Introduction
259(1)
11.2 Surveying Techniques
259(3)
11.3 Equipment
262(6)
11.4 Planning the Survey
268(1)
11.5 General Factors for GNSS Surveying
269(12)
11.5.1 Accuracy
269(1)
11.5.2 Obstructions
269(1)
11.5.3 Length of Baselines
270(1)
11.5.4 Occupation Time
271(1)
11.5.5 Recording Rate
271(2)
11.5.6 Measurement Redundancy
273(1)
11.5.7 Satellite Geometry
273(1)
11.5.8 Control Requirements
274(1)
11.5.9 Loop Closures and Baseline Differences
275(2)
11.5.10 Network Adjustment
277(1)
11.510.1 Minimally Constrained Adjustment
278(1)
11.510.2 Constrained Adjustment
278(1)
11.510.3 Error Ellipses
278(1)
11.510.4 Independent Baselines
278(1)
11.5.11 Independent Reoccupation of Stations
279(1)
11.5.12 Point or Line Offset
279(1)
11.5.13 Float Solution
280(1)
11.6 Observation Methods
281(11)
11.6.1 Classic Static Technique
282(2)
11.6.2 Rapid Static Technique
284(2)
11.6.3 Pseudokinematic Technique
286(1)
11.6.4 Stop-and-Go Technique
286(2)
11.6.5 Continuous Kinematic Technique
288(1)
11.6.6 Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) Techniques
289(3)
11.7 Initialisation Techniques
292(4)
11.7.1 On-the-Fly
293(1)
11.7.2 Static Survey of New Point
293(1)
11.7.3 Known Baseline or Known Point
294(1)
11.7.4 Antenna Swap
294(1)
11.7.5 Recommended RTK Initialisation Procedure
295(1)
11.8 Personnel Management
296(5)
Chapter 12 Mapping with GNSS
301(16)
12.1 Introduction
301(1)
12.2 Integration of Surveying Tools
301(3)
12.2.1 Achieving Instrument Independence
302(1)
12.2.2 GNSS Technology
302(1)
12.2.3 Optical Total Station Technology
302(1)
12.2.4 Servo-Driven and Robotic Optical Total Stations
303(1)
12.2.5 Impact on Surveying Operations
303(1)
12.3 Accuracy Standards and Specifications for Survey
304(3)
12.3.1 Class/Order of Survey
305(1)
12.3.2 Positional Accuracy
306(1)
12.4 Remote Sensing and Photogrammetric Control Point
307(1)
12.5 Intelligent Map and GNSS
308(3)
12.6 Map-aided Positioning and Navigation
311(2)
12.7 Scale, Detail, Accuracy, and Resolution of Map
313(4)
Glossary 317(32)
References 349(8)
Index 357
Basudeb Bhatta earned a PhD in engineering from Jadavpur University, Kolkata. He is currently the course coordinator of the Computer Aided Design Centre, Jadavpur University. He has more than 25 years of industrial, teaching, and research experi-ence in the domains of remote sensing, GNSS, GIS, and CAD. He has published many research papers, monographs, and textbooks on remote sensing, GIS, GNSS, and CAD. Dr. Bhatta has been instrumental in initiating a large number of courses on geoinformatics, GNSS, CAD, and related fields. He is a life member of several national and international societies.
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