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E-raamat: Green Technology and Design for the Environment [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

  • Formaat: 312 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Jan-1997
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-13: 9781003578642
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  • Taylor & Francis e-raamat
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Green Technology and Design for the EnvironmentSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 312 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Jan-1997
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-13: 9781003578642
Teised raamatud teemal:
Taylor & Francis e-raamatudRohkem infot Taylor & Francis e-raamatute kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003578642
An introductory text and reference for engineering students and practitioners. Part I defines problems, with chapters on the waste stream, new theories for environmental regulation, design for the environment, recycling, and plastics. Part II presents design examples for assembly and disassembly, vehicles, and manufacturing process improvement, and discusses life-cycle analysis and multiattribute utility analysis of municipal recycling. Includes chapter problems and case studies. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.
Preface xiii
Part I Theory 3(128)
1 GREEN ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTALLY CONSCIOUS MANUFACTURING
3(10)
1.1 Introduction: What Is Green Engineering?
3(1)
1.2 Goals of Green Engineering
4(3)
1.2.1 Waste Reduction
4(1)
1.2.2 Materials Management
4(1)
1.2.3 Pollution Prevention
5(1)
1.2.4 Product Enhancement
6(1)
1.3 Who Needs Green Engineering?
7(1)
1.4 What Is Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing?
7(2)
1.5 Who Needs Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing?
9(2)
1.6 Summary
11(1)
1.7 Bibliography
11(1)
1.8 Problems / Case Studies
11(2)
2 INFRASTRUCTURE, REGULATIONS, AND THE WASTE STREAM
13(16)
2.1 Introduction
13(2)
2.2 The Waste Stream
15(6)
2.2.1 Air Pollution
15(3)
2.2.2 Water Pollution
18(1)
2.2.3 Land Pollution
18(3)
2.3 Existing Methods for Waste Handling
21(2)
2.3.1 Industrial Disposal
21(1)
2.3.2 Recycling
21(1)
2.3.3 Waste Exchange
22(1)
2.3.4 Remanufacturing
22(1)
2.4 Current Limitations to Environmentally Conscious Engineering
23(1)
2.5 Summary
23(1)
2.6 Bibliography
24(1)
2.7 Problems / Case Studies
25(3)
Appendix 2A: Case Studies and Examples of Hazardous Materials Reclamation
28(1)
3 NEW THEORIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION
29(10)
3.1 Introduction
29(2)
3.2 Legislation
31(1)
3.3 Environmental Policies
32(1)
3.3.1 Paradigm 1: Frontier Ecology
32(1)
3.3.2 Paradigm 2: Environmental Protection
32(1)
3.3.3 Paradigm 3: Resource Management
32(1)
3.3.4 Paradigm 4: Eco-Development
33(1)
3.3.5 Paradigm 5: Deep Ecology
33(1)
3.4 Summary
33(1)
3.5 Bibliography
34(1)
3.6 Problems / Case Studies
35(4)
4 DESIGN FOR THE ENVIRONMENT
39(18)
4.1 Introduction
39(2)
4.2 DFE Explored
41(3)
4.3 DFE Pressures
44(1)
4.4 DFE Guidelines
45(1)
4.5 DFE Applied
46(7)
4.5.1 The U-Kettle
46(1)
4.5.2 Opel's DFE Program
47(1)
4.5.3 DFE in the Auto Industry
48(1)
4.5.4 Germany's Green TV and DFE
49(1)
4.5.5 Grunding AG's "Environment Initiative"
49(1)
4.5.6 DFE in the Consumer Appliance Industry
50(1)
4.5.7 DFE in Packaging Design
51(2)
4.6 Summary
53(1)
4.7 Bibliography
53(1)
4.8 Problems / Case Studies
54(3)
5 RECYCLING ISSUES
57(34)
5.1 Introduction
57(1)
5.2 Computing Change
58(2)
5.3 Hazardous Material Control and Recovery
60(2)
5.3.1 Waste Reduction
60(1)
5.3.2 Hierarchy of Waste Reduction
60(1)
5.3.3 Recycling
61(1)
5.3.4 Waste Treatment
62(1)
5.4 Material Labeling and Identification
62(2)
5.4.1 Coding of Recyclable Materials
63(1)
5.5 Metals and Design for Recyclability
64(2)
5.5.1 Applications in Metal Recycling
64(1)
5.5.2 Steel Can Recycling in the United States
65(1)
5.5.3 Aluminum Can Recycling
66(1)
5.6 Paper Recycling
66(1)
5.6.1 Paper Recycling in the U.S. Postal Service
67(1)
5.7 Plastics and Design for Recyclability
67(1)
5.7.1 Design Reference for Plastics Recycling
67(1)
5.8 Economics of Recycling
68(1)
5.9 Practical Applications
69(6)
5.9.1 Pollution Prevention: The 3M Company
69(1)
5.9.2 A Leadership Role: Du Pont's Environmental Policy
70(2)
5.9.3 Johnson & Johnson: Worldwide Environment
72(1)
5.9.4 Choices for Consumers: The Proctor & Gamble Approach
73(1)
5.9.5 A Venture in Environmentalism: The National Polystyrene Recycling Company
74(1)
5.9.6 DFR at Dell Computer Corporation
74(1)
5.9.7 How Digital Corporation Uses Its Recycled Plastic
74(1)
5.10 Free Market Recycling Infrastructure Design
75(4)
5.10.1 Environmental and Economic Issues
75(1)
5.10.2 Design Features to Minimize the Cost of Compliance
76(1)
5.10.3 Existing Government/Business Infrastructures
76(2)
5.10.4 Industry Working Together
78(1)
5.11 Business and Consumer Feelings on Recycling
79(1)
5.12 Summary
80(1)
5.13 Bibliography
80(2)
5.14 Problems / Case Studies
82(3)
Appendix 5A. Design Reference for Plastics and Recycled Plastics Products
85(2)
Appendix 5B. Design Reference for Plastics and Recycled Plastics Products (Sales and Recycling Statistics are in Millions of Pounds Per Year)
87(4)
6 PLASTICS FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY CONSCIOUS ENGINEERING
91(40)
6.1 Introduction
91(1)
6.2 The Families of Plastics-Resins
92(3)
6.2.1 Natural Resins
93(1)
6.2.2 Synthetic Resins
94(1)
6.3 Polyethylene (PE)
95(1)
6.4 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
96(1)
6.5 Polycarbonate (PC)
97(2)
6.6 Polypropylene (PP)
99(1)
6.7 ABS, Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene
100(1)
6.8 Reinforcing Materials and Fillers
101(2)
6.9 Compatibility of Various Plastics
103(1)
6.10 General Listing of Plastics Uses
104(1)
6.11 Plastics, Environmentally Conscious Engineering
105(2)
6.12 Environmental Profile
107(3)
6.12.1 How "Green" Is Plastic Processing?
107(2)
6.12.2 Impact in Industry
109(1)
6.13 Plastics Recycling
110(6)
6.13.1 Resin Recyclability
110(3)
6.13.2 Incineration of Plastics
113(2)
6.13.3 Health Concerns
115(1)
6.14 Summary
116(1)
6.15 Bibliography
116(3)
6.16 Problems / Case Studies
119(4)
Appendix 6A. Polymer Properties
123(8)
Part II Design Examples 131(150)
7 DESIGN FOR ASSEMBLY AND DISASSEMBLY
131(42)
7.1 Introduction
131(1)
7.2 Design for Assembly
132(1)
7.3 Design for Disassembly
133(2)
7.4 The Design Problem
135(1)
7.5 Technical Approach
136(4)
7.5.1 Axiomatic Design
136(3)
7.5.2 Functional Requirements
139(1)
7.6 The Electric Motor
140(10)
7.7 Examples
150(13)
7.7.1 Electric Hair Dryer
150(7)
7.7.2 Electric Hair Clipper
157(6)
7.8 Summary
163(1)
7.9 Bibliography
163(2)
7.10 Problems / Case Studies
165(8)
8 DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY VEHICLES
173(28)
8.1 Introduction
173(1)
8.2 Alternative Fuels
174(2)
8.2.1 Renewable Sources of Power
175(1)
8.2.2 Nonrenewable Sources of Power
175(1)
8.2.3 Electric Power
175(1)
8.3 The History of Electric Vehicles
176(1)
8.4 Electric Vehicles Today
176(1)
8.5 Electric Vehicle Technology
177(5)
8.6 Environmental Problems Facing Electric Vehicles
182(2)
8.7 Possible Solutions
184(2)
8.8 The Future of Electric Vehicles
186(1)
8.9 Improvement in the Design and Manufacturing of Tires
187(7)
8.9.1 Tire Design Background
187(1)
8.9.2 Tire Manufacturing
188(1)
8.9.3 Tire Recycling
189(2)
8.9.4 Present Initiatives
191(1)
8.9.5 Proposed Initiatives
192(2)
8.10 Summary
194(1)
8.11 Bibliography
195(2)
8.12 Problems / Case Studies
197(4)
9 DESIGN FOR MANUFACTURING PROCESS IMPROVEMENT
201(24)
9.1 Introduction
201(2)
9.1.1 Solvents Industry
201(1)
9.1.2 Alternative Cleaning Costs
202(1)
9.2 Environmentally Safe Precision Cleaning Systems
203(9)
9.2.1 Why Precision Cleaning?
204(1)
9.2.2 Examples of Precision Cleaning Equipment
204(3)
9.2.3 Alternatives to Chlorinated Solvent Degreasing
207(1)
9.2.4 Aqueous Cleaning
208(2)
9.2.5 Semiaqueous
210(1)
9.2.6 Problems Associated with Aqueous Cleaning Systems
211(1)
9.2.7 Problems Associated with Semiaqueous Cleaning Systems
212(1)
9.3 Environmental Cleaning System Methodology
212(1)
9.3.1 Process Control in ACS
212(1)
9.3.2 Wastewater Treatment
213(1)
9.4 Environmentally Safe Disposal of Aerosol Cans
213(4)
9.4.1 Why Do We Need Aerosol Spray Products?
214(1)
9.4.2 Perceptions of the "Environmentally Correct" Consumer May Be Wrong
215(1)
9.4.3 What Has Been Done to Reduce VOC Content in Aerosol Cans?
215(1)
9.4.4 Beating the Regulations
215(2)
9.4.5 Can Recycling
217(1)
9.5 Application of Painting Techniques That Reduce VOC Emissions
217(3)
9.5.1 Conventional Solvent-Based Processes and Emission Points
218(1)
9.5.2 Applicable Systems of Emission Reduction
218(1)
9.5.3 VOC Regulations in Spray Painting
219(1)
9.5.4 Rules on Surface Coating of Miscellaneous Metal Parts
219(1)
9.5.5 VOC Test Methods for Surface Coatings
220(1)
9.5.6 Why Paint Anyway?
220(1)
9.6 Summary
220(1)
9.7 Bibliography
221(1)
9.8 Problems / Case Studies
222(3)
10 DESIGN FOR QUALITY APPLICATION IN MACHINING
225(26)
10.1 Introduction
225(1)
10.2 The Machining Process
226(3)
10.2.1 Functions of Cutting Fluids
227(2)
10.2.2 Goals
229(1)
10.3 Technical Approach
229(4)
10.3.1 Thermal Analysis of the New Device
231(2)
10.4 Finite-Element Analysis
233(4)
10.4.1 Governing Equation and Boundary Conditions
234(2)
10.4.2 Solution and Results
236(1)
10.5 Quality Function Deployment
237(6)
10.5.1 Elements of QFD
238(1)
10.5.2 Application of QFD
238(5)
10.6 Summary
243(1)
10.7 Bibliography
243(2)
10.8 Problems / Case Studies
245(2)
Appendix 10A--Estimation of the Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient: From Copper Seat to Internal Coolant
247(1)
Appendix 10B--Estimation of the Energy Losses in the Cooling Device
248(3)
11 LIFE-CYCLE ANALYSIS AND MAINTAINABILITY
251(16)
11.1 Introduction
251(1)
11.2 Life-Cycle Design
252(1)
11.3 The Criteria Function
253(1)
11.4 Design for Serviceability
254(2)
11.5 Design for Maintainability
256(1)
11.6 DFMAIN Guidelines
257(2)
11.7 Rating Design for Maintainability
259(3)
11.8 Summary
262(1)
11.9 Bibliography
262(1)
11.10 Problems / Case Studies
263(4)
12 MULTIATTRIBUTE UTILITY ANALYSIS OF MUNICIPAL RECYCLING
267(14)
12.1 Introduction
267(1)
12.2 Related Research and Motivation
268(1)
12.3 Methodology
269(1)
12.4 Application
270(1)
12.5 Results
271(4)
12.6 Optimal Recycling Program Checklist
275(3)
12.7 Summary
278(1)
12.8 Bibliography
278(1)
12.9 Problems / Case Studies
279(2)
APPENDIX A: ACRONYMS 281(6)
INDEX 287
Samir Billatos
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