Preface |
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xiii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xv | |
1 The Head, Neck, and Vertebral Column |
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1 | (64) |
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2 | (7) |
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9 | (1) |
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9 | (5) |
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14 | (2) |
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1.5 Teeth and Age Estimation of Cattle and Small Ruminants (Goats and Sheep) |
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16 | (8) |
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1.5.1 Definitions and Criteria for Estimating the Age of Ruminants |
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20 | (2) |
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1.5.2 Steps for Estimating the Age of Cattle |
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22 | (2) |
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24 | (1) |
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1.6.1 Temporomandibular Joint |
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24 | (1) |
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1.6.2 Atlantooccipital Joint |
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24 | (1) |
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1.6.3 Mandibular Symphysis |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (5) |
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27 | (1) |
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1.7.2 Muscles of Facial Expression |
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28 | (1) |
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1.7.3 Muscles of Mastication |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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1.7.4.1 Nomenclature of Pharyngeal Muscles |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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1.7.8 Extraocular Muscles |
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30 | (1) |
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1.8 Blood Vessels, Lymph Nodes, and Nerves of the Head |
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30 | (10) |
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1.8.1 Blood Vessels (Arteries and Veins) |
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30 | (3) |
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1.8.1.1 Arteries of the Head |
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30 | (3) |
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1.8.1.2 Veins of the Head |
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33 | (1) |
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1.8.2 Lymph Nodes of the Head and Neck |
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33 | (3) |
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36 | (4) |
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1.8.3.1 Summary of Cranial Nerves and Their Functions |
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36 | (4) |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (2) |
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1.12 The Larynx and Hyoid Apparatus |
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43 | (2) |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (4) |
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1.13.1 Superficial Features of the Eye |
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45 | (2) |
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47 | (2) |
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1.13.3 Sectioning of the Eyeball |
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49 | (1) |
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1.13.3.1 Chambers of the Eye |
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49 | (1) |
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1.13.4 Drainage Pathway of the Aqueous Humor |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (2) |
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1.15 Neck Muscles, Nerves, and Vessels |
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51 | (6) |
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51 | (5) |
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1.15.1.1 Superficial Neck Muscles |
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54 | (1) |
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1.15.1.1.1 Brachiocephalicus Muscle |
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54 | (1) |
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1.15.1.1.2 Omotransversarius Muscle |
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54 | (1) |
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1.15.1.1.3 Trapezius Muscle |
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55 | (1) |
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1.15.1.1.4 Sternocephalicus Muscle |
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55 | (1) |
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1.15.1.1.5 Sternothyroideus and Sternohyoideus Muscles |
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55 | (1) |
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1.15.1.2 Deep Neck Muscles |
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55 | (1) |
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1.15.2 Nerves of the Neck |
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56 | (1) |
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1.15.3 Blood Vessels of the Neck |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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1.17 Surface Topography (Head and Neck) |
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58 | (4) |
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1.18 Lab ID List for the Head and Neck |
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62 | (3) |
2 The Thorax |
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65 | (26) |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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2.4 Basal Border of the Lung and Area for Lung Auscultation |
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68 | (1) |
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2.5 Diaphragmatic Line of Pleural Reflection |
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68 | (1) |
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2.6 Muscles of the Thoracic Wall |
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69 | (3) |
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72 | (3) |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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2.7.4 Content of the Pleural Cavity |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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2.8 Vessels (Arteries and Veins) |
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75 | (1) |
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2.8.1 Blood Circulation: An Overview |
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75 | (1) |
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2.9 Major Veins of the Thorax |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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2.9.3 Azygos Veins (Left and Right) |
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77 | (1) |
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2.10 Major Arteries of the Thorax |
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77 | (1) |
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2.10.1 Brachiocephalic Trunk |
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77 | (1) |
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2.10.2 Costocervical Trunk |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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2.10.4 Superficial Cervical Artery |
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78 | (1) |
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2.10.5 Internal Thoracic Artery |
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78 | (1) |
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2.11 Lymphatic Structures |
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78 | (2) |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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2.11.3 Mediastinal and Tracheobronchial Lymph Nodes |
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79 | (1) |
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2.12 Nerves (Motor Somatic, Sympathetic, and Parasympathetic) |
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80 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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2.12.2 Autonomic Nerves in the Thorax |
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80 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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2.12.4 Sympathetic Trunk and Sympathetic Ganglia |
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81 | (1) |
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81 | (7) |
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82 | (1) |
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2.13.2 External Features of the Heart |
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82 | (3) |
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2.13.3 Interior of the Heart |
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85 | (7) |
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2.13.3.1 Structures of the Right Atrium |
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85 | (1) |
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2.13.3.2 Structures of the Right Ventricle |
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86 | (24) |
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2.13.3.2.1 Right Atrioventricular Valve |
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86 | (1) |
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2.13.3.2.2 Chordae Tendineae, Papillary Muscles, and Cusps of the Right Atrioventricular Valve |
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87 | (1) |
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2.13.3.2.3 Trabecula Septomarginalis |
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87 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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2.13.3.2.5 Coronary Arteries |
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87 | (1) |
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2.14 Point of Maximum Intensity or Puncta Maxima |
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88 | (1) |
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2.15 Lab ID List for the Thorax |
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88 | (3) |
3 The Abdomen |
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91 | (48) |
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92 | (1) |
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3.1.1 Bovine Lumbar Vertebrae |
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92 | (1) |
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3.1.2 Goat and Sheep Lumbar Vertebrae |
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92 | (1) |
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3.2 Ligaments of Lumbar Vertebrae |
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93 | (1) |
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3.2.1 Supraspinous Ligament |
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93 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Interspinous Ligaments |
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93 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Intertransverse Ligaments |
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93 | (1) |
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3.2.4 Yellow Ligaments (Interarcuate or Ligament Flava) |
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93 | (1) |
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3.2.5 Dorsal and Ventral Longitudinal Ligaments |
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94 | (1) |
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3.2.6 Intervertebral Disc |
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94 | (1) |
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94 | (9) |
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94 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Nerves of the Paralumbar Fossa (Flank Anesthesia) |
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94 | (1) |
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3.3.3 Cutaneus Trunci and Omobrachialis Muscles |
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95 | (3) |
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3.3.4 Tunica Flava Abdominis |
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98 | (1) |
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3.3.5 External Abdominal Oblique Muscle |
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98 | (3) |
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3.3.6 Internal Abdominal Oblique Muscle |
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101 | (1) |
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3.3.7 Transversus Abdominis Muscle |
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102 | (1) |
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3.3.8 Rectus Abdominis Muscle |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (19) |
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105 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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105 | (5) |
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110 | (12) |
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111 | (5) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (4) |
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120 | (2) |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (8) |
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124 | (4) |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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3.5.1.3 Duodenocolic Fold |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (3) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (2) |
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3.5.2.1 Cecum and Cecocolic Orifice |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (15) |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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3.6 Other Abdominal Organs |
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130 | (4) |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (4) |
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134 | (3) |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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3.8 Palpation of the Live Animal |
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137 | (1) |
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3.9 Lab ID List for the Abdomen |
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137 | (2) |
4 The Pelvis and Reproductive Organs |
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139 | (34) |
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140 | (1) |
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4.1.1 Os Coxae (Pelvic Bone) |
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140 | (1) |
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4.2 Sacrosciatic Ligament |
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141 | (1) |
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4.3 Pelvic Peritoneal Pouches |
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141 | (2) |
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4.4 Urinary Bladder, Ureters, and Ligaments of the Bladder |
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143 | (1) |
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143 | (14) |
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144 | (5) |
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4.5.1.1 Root of the Penis and Cavernous Tissue |
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145 | (1) |
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4.5.1.2 Free Part of the Penis and Glans Penis |
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146 | (1) |
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4.5.1.3 Retractor Penis Muscle |
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146 | (1) |
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146 | (2) |
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4.5.1.5 Dorsal Nerve of the Penis |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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4.5.4 Superficial Inguinal (Scrotal) Lymph Nodes |
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151 | (1) |
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4.5.5 Blood Supply to the Pelvic Viscera and Male Genitalia |
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152 | (1) |
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152 | (4) |
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4.5.7 Male Accessory Sex Glands |
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156 | (1) |
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4.6 Female Reproductive Tract |
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157 | (12) |
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158 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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159 | (2) |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (3) |
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161 | (1) |
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4.6.7.2 Suburethral Diverticulum |
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162 | (2) |
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164 | (1) |
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4.6.8 Blood Supply of the Female Genital Tract |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (10) |
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4.6.9.1 Suspensory Apparatus and Interior Structures of the Udder |
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166 | (1) |
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4.6.9.2 Blood Supply and Venous Drainage of the Udder |
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167 | (1) |
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4.6.9.3 Lymphatics of the Udder |
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168 | (1) |
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4.6.9.4 Innervation of the Udder |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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4.8 Lab ID List for the Pelvis and Reproductive Structures |
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170 | (3) |
5 The Forelimb |
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173 | (44) |
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174 | (1) |
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5.2 Bones of the Thoracic Limb |
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174 | (7) |
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174 | (2) |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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5.2.4 Carpus (Proximal and Distal Rows) |
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177 | (2) |
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5.2.5 Metacarpal Bones (Large Metacarpal or Cannon Bone) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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5.3 Muscles and Tendons of the Thoracic Limb |
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181 | (19) |
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5.3.1 Extrinsic Muscles of the Forelimb |
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182 | (5) |
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5.3.1.1 Trapezius Muscle (Cervical and Thoracic Parts) |
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182 | (1) |
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5.3.1.2 Rhomboideus Muscle (Cervical and Thoracic Parts) |
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183 | (1) |
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5.3.1.3 Brachiocephalicus Muscle (Cleidocephalicus and Cleidobrachialis) |
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183 | (1) |
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5.3.1.4 Omotransversarius Muscle |
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184 | (1) |
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5.3.1.5 Latissimus Dorsi Muscle |
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184 | (1) |
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5.3.1.6 Superficial Pectoral Muscle (Descending and Transverse Parts) |
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185 | (1) |
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5.3.1.7 Deep (Ascending) Pectoral Muscle |
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185 | (1) |
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5.3.1.8 Serratus Ventralis Muscle |
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186 | (1) |
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5.3.1.9 Subclavius Muscle |
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187 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Intrinsic Muscles of the Thoracic Limb |
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187 | (14) |
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5.3.2.1 Muscles of Proximal Limb (Shoulder and Brachium) |
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187 | (6) |
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5.3.2.1.1 Supraspinatus Muscle |
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187 | (3) |
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5.3.2.1.2 Infraspinatus Muscle |
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190 | (1) |
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5.3.2.1.3 Deltoideus Muscle |
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190 | (1) |
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5.3.2.1.4 Teres Minor Muscle |
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190 | (1) |
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5.3.2.1.5 Teres Major Muscle |
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191 | (1) |
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5.3.2.1.6 Subscapularis Muscle |
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191 | (1) |
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5.3.2.1.7 Triceps Brachii Muscle (Long, Lateral, Accessory, and Medial Heads) |
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191 | (1) |
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5.3.2.1.8 Anconeus Muscle |
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192 | (1) |
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5.3.2.1.9 Tensor Fasciae Antebrachii Muscle |
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192 | (1) |
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5.3.2.1.10 Coracobrachialis Muscle |
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192 | (1) |
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5.3.2.1.11 Biceps Brachii Muscle |
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192 | (1) |
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5.3.2.1.12 Brachialis Muscle |
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193 | (1) |
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5.3.2.2 Muscles and Tendons of the Distal Limb (Antebrachium and Manus [ Carpus, Metacarpus, and Digits]) |
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193 | (3) |
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5.3.2.2.1 Craniolateral Group (Located on Cranial and Lateral Forearm) |
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193 | (1) |
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5.3.2.2.2 Extensor Carpi Radialis Muscle |
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194 | (1) |
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5.3.2.2.3 Common Digital Extensor Muscle (Medial and Lateral Heads and Three Tendons) |
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194 | (1) |
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5.3.2.2.4 Lateral Digital Extensor Muscle |
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194 | (1) |
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5.3.2.2.5 Ulnaris Lateralis Muscle |
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194 | (1) |
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5.3.2.2.6 Extensor Carpi Obliquus Muscle |
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195 | (1) |
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5.3.2.3 Caudomedial Muscle Group of the Antebrachium |
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196 | (13) |
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5.3.2.3.1 Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle |
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196 | (1) |
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5.3.2.3.2 Flexor Carpi Radialis Muscle |
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196 | (2) |
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5.3.2.3.3 Pronator Teres Muscle |
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198 | (1) |
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5.3.2.3.4 Superficial Digital Flexor with Superficial and Deep Parts: Flexor Manica |
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198 | (1) |
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5.3.2.3.5 Deep Digital Flexor Muscle |
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198 | (1) |
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5.3.2.3.6 Interosseus Muscle (Suspensory Ligament) with Axial and Abaxial Extensor Branches |
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198 | (2) |
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200 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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5.6 Ligaments of the Digits |
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201 | (1) |
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5.6.1 Proximal Interdigital Ligament |
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201 | (1) |
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5.6.2 Distal Interdigital Ligament |
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201 | (1) |
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5.6.3 Annular Ligaments (Palmar, Proximal, and Distal Digital Annular Ligaments) |
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201 | (1) |
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5.6.4 Digital Annular Ligaments (Proximal and Distal) |
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201 | (1) |
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5.7 Hoof (Wall, Sole, Bulb, and White Line) |
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201 | (2) |
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5.8 Arteries and Nerves of the Thoracic Limb |
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203 | (2) |
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5.8.1 Nomenclature of Blood Vessels and Nerves in the Distal Limb |
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203 | (2) |
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5.9 Veins of the Forelimb |
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205 | (1) |
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5.10 Lymphatics of the Thoracic Limb |
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206 | (1) |
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5.11 Nerves of the Thoracic Limb |
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207 | (5) |
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5.11.1 Suprascapular Nerve |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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5.11.4 Musculocutaneous Nerve |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (3) |
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5.11.5.1 Branching of the Radial and Ulnar Nerves in the Distal Limb |
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209 | (3) |
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5.11.6 Median and Ulnar Nerves |
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212 | (1) |
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5.12 Joints of the Forelimbs |
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212 | (5) |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (2) |
6 The Hind Limb |
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217 | (38) |
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6.1 Bones of the Hind Limb |
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218 | (6) |
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6.1.1 Os Coxae (Hip Bone) |
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218 | (1) |
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218 | (3) |
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6.1.3 Bones of the Leg (Crus) |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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6.1.5 Fused Metatarsals III and IV (Large Metatarsal Bone) |
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223 | (1) |
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6.1.6 Metatarsal Sesamoid Bone |
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224 | (1) |
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6.2 Muscles of the Pelvic Limb |
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224 | (14) |
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6.2.1 Muscles Acting on the Hip Joint |
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224 | (7) |
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227 | (1) |
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6.2.1.1.1 Tensor Fasciae Latae Muscle and Fascia Lata |
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227 | (1) |
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6.2.1.1.2 Middle Gluteal Muscle |
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228 | (1) |
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6.2.1.1.3 Deep Gluteal Muscle |
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228 | (1) |
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6.2.1.2 Hamstring Muscles |
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228 | (2) |
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6.2.1.2.1 Gluteobiceps Muscle |
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228 | (1) |
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6.2.1.2.2 Semitendinosus Muscle |
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229 | (1) |
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6.2.1.2.3 Semimembranosus Muscle |
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229 | (1) |
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6.2.1.3 Medial Adductor Thigh Muscles |
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230 | (1) |
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6.2.1.3.1 Sartorius Muscle |
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230 | (1) |
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6.2.1.3.2 Gracilis Muscle |
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230 | (1) |
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6.2.1.3.3 Pectineus Muscle |
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231 | (1) |
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6.2.1.3.4 Adductor Muscle |
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231 | (1) |
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6.2.1.3.5 External Obturator Muscle |
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231 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Muscles Acting on the Stifle Joint |
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231 | (2) |
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6.2.2.1 Quadriceps Femoris Muscle |
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231 | (2) |
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6.2.3 Muscles Acting on the Hock and Digits |
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233 | (5) |
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6.2.3.1 Craniolateral Muscles of the Leg (Crus) |
|
|
233 | (4) |
|
6.2.3.1.1 Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius Muscle |
|
|
234 | (1) |
|
6.2.3.1.2 Long Digital Extensor Muscle |
|
|
234 | (1) |
|
6.2.3.1.3 Lateral Digital Extensor Muscle |
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
6.2.3.1.4 Cranial Tibial Muscle |
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
6.2.3.1.5 Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus Muscle |
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
6.2.3.2 Extensor Retinacula |
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
6.2.3.3 Caudomedial Muscles of the Leg (Crus) |
|
|
237 | (6) |
|
|
237 | (1) |
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6.2.3.3.2 Gastrocnemius Muscle (Lateral and Medial Heads) |
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
6.2.3.3.3 Superficial Digital Flexor Muscle |
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
6.6.3.3.4 Common Calcanean (or Calcaneal) Tendon and Calcanean Bursae |
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
6.2.3.3.5 Deep Digital Flexor Muscle |
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
6.2.3.3.6 Popliteus Muscle |
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
6.2.3.3.7 Interosseus Muscle (Suspensory Ligament) |
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
6.3 Blood Vessels and Nerves of the Hind Limbs |
|
|
238 | (11) |
|
6.3.1 Overview of Arterial Blood Supply to the Whole Hind Limb |
|
|
239 | (2) |
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6.3.2 Veins of the Hind Limb |
|
|
241 | (1) |
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6.3.3 Lymphatic Structures of the Hind Limb |
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
6.3.4 Nerves of the Hind Limb |
|
|
243 | (6) |
|
|
244 | (1) |
|
|
245 | (1) |
|
|
245 | (1) |
|
6.3.4.4 Common Fibular (Peroneal) Nerve |
|
|
245 | (4) |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
6.4 Joints of the Hind Limb |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
6.4.3 Hock (or Tarsus) Joint |
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
6.6 Lab ID List for Forelimb and Hind Limb |
|
|
250 | (5) |
Appendix A: Dissection Instructions for a Goat Cadaver |
|
|
|
255 | (1) |
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A.2 Dissection of Goat Neck and Body Cavities (Labs, 1, 2, and 3) |
|
|
255 | (6) |
|
A.2.1 Removal of the Thoracic Limb |
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
A.2.2 Removal of the Pelvic (Hind) Limb |
|
|
256 | (1) |
|
A.2.3 Skinning of the Neck and Flank on the Side Where the Limbs are Removed |
|
|
256 | (1) |
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
A.2.4 Opening the Thorax and Abdomen for Studying the Topography on the Left and Right Sides |
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
|
258 | (2) |
|
A.2.5.1 Thoracic Landmarks |
|
|
258 | (1) |
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A.2.5.2 Nerves and Vessels Within the Thorax |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
A.2.6 Abdomen (In Situ and on Extirpated Viscera) |
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
A.2.7 Dissection of Male and Female Pelvis (Lab 4) |
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
A.3 Head Dissection (Lab 5) |
|
|
261 | (1) |
|
A.4 Forelimb Dissection (Labs 6 and 7) |
|
|
261 | (1) |
|
A.5 Hind Limb Dissection (Labs 8 and 9) |
|
|
261 | (2) |
Appendix B: Further Reading |
|
263 | (2) |
Index |
|
265 | |