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E-raamat: Guidelines for Evaluating Process Plant Buildings for External Explosions, Fires and Toxic Releases 2e 2nd Edition [Wiley Online]

  • Formaat: 240 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 27-Apr-2012
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-AIChE
  • ISBN-10: 1118312996
  • ISBN-13: 9781118312995
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Wiley Online
  • Hind: 154,31 €*
  • * hind, mis tagab piiramatu üheaegsete kasutajate arvuga ligipääsu piiramatuks ajaks
Guidelines for Evaluating Process Plant Buildings for External Explosions, Fires and Toxic Releases 2e 2nd EditionSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 240 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 27-Apr-2012
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-AIChE
  • ISBN-10: 1118312996
  • ISBN-13: 9781118312995
Teised raamatud teemal:
Wiley Online e-raamatudRohkem infot Wiley Online kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118312995
Siting of permanent and temporary buildings in process areas requires careful consideration of potential effects of explosions and fires arising from accidental release of flammable materials. This book, which updates the 1996 edition, provides a single-source reference that explains the American Petroleum Institute (API) permanent (752) and temporary (753) building recommended practices and details how to implement them. New coverage on toxicity and updated standards are also highlighted. Practical and easy-to-use, this reliable guide is a must-have for implementing safe building practices.
List of Figures
xiii
List of Tables
xvii
Acknowledgements xix
Glossary xxi
1 Introduction
1(20)
1.1 Objective
4(1)
1.2 Building Siting Evaluation Process
5(1)
1.3 Selection of Approach
6(1)
1.4 Background
6(4)
1.4.1 Flixborough, UK: Vapor Cloud Explosion in Chemical Plant
8(2)
1.5 Phillips, Pasadena, Texas USA: Propylene HDPE Unit VCE and BLEVEs
10(8)
1.5.1 BP, Texas City, Texas USA: Discharge from Atmospheric Vent Resulting in a VCE
13(2)
1.5.2 Hickson & Welch Ltd, Castleford, UK: Jet Fire
15(3)
1.6 Evolution of Design and Siting Practices for Buildings in Process Plants
18(2)
1.6.1 Brief History of Building Designs
18(1)
1.6.2 Standards for Building and Equipment Siting and Separation
19(1)
1.6.3 Standards and Criteria for Building Design, and the Need for Site-Specific Evaluation
19(1)
1.7 Organization of the Book
20(1)
2 Management Overview
21(10)
2.1 Process Overview
21(6)
2.1.1 Explosion, Fire and Toxic Release Phenomena
21(4)
2.1.2 Statement of the Problem
25(1)
2.1.3 Analysis Approach Selection
25(1)
2.1.4 Steps in the Process
26(1)
2.2 Management Responsibilities under API RP-752 and API RP-753
27(4)
2.2.1 Meeting Expectations -- Management's Role in the Process
27(1)
2.2.2 Maintaining the Process
28(3)
3 Determining The Scope Of The Building Siting Evaluation
31(14)
3.1 Introduction
31(1)
3.2 Buildings Considered
31(5)
3.2.1 Buildings Intended for Occupancy
31(2)
3.2.2 Buildings That May be Excluded from the Siting Study
33(3)
3.2.3 Buildings Evaluated on a Case-by-Case Basis
36(1)
3.3 Scenario Selection
36(9)
3.3.1 Consequence-based Scenario Selection
38(2)
3.3.2 Risk-based Scenario Selection
40(1)
3.3.3 Explosion Scenarios
41(1)
3.3.4 Fire Scenarios
42(2)
3.3.5 Toxic Scenarios
44(1)
4 Building Siting Evaluation Criteria
45(26)
4.1 Introduction
45(1)
4.2 Occupant Vulnerability
46(2)
4.3 Criteria for Existing Buildings Exposed to Explosion Hazards
48(10)
4.3.1 Building Exposure Criteria for Explosion
48(1)
4.3.2 Building Consequence (Damage) Criteria
48(10)
4.4 Criteria for Fires
58(4)
4.4.1 Spacing Table Approach
58(1)
4.4.2 Building Exposure Criteria for Fire
58(2)
4.4.3 Fire Criteria Based on Occupant Vulnerability
60(1)
4.4.4 Smoke
61(1)
4.5 Criteria for Toxic Exposures
62(2)
4.5.1 Criteria Based on Presence of a Toxic Cloud
62(1)
4.5.2 Toxic Criteria Based on Occupant Exposure
63(1)
4.6 Criteria for Building Upgrades and New Buildings
64(1)
4.7 Risk Criteria
65(6)
4.7.1 Use of Individual Risk Measures
65(2)
4.7.2 Use of Societal and Aggregate Risk Measures
67(4)
5 Explosion Hazards
71(22)
5.1 Introduction
71(1)
5.2 Select Explosion Approach
72(2)
5.2.1 Evaluation of Existing Buildings
73(1)
5.2.2 Siting and Design of New Buildings
74(1)
5.3 Modeling and Quantifying and Explosion Hazards
74(4)
5.3.1 Vapor Cloud Explosions (VCEs)
74(2)
5.3.2 Pressure Vessel Burst
76(1)
5.3.3 Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosions (BLEVEs)
77(1)
5.3.4 Condensed Phase Explosions
77(1)
5.4 Building Response to Explosion Hazards
78(12)
5.4.1 General
78(1)
5.4.2 Building Damage Levels (BDLs)
79(1)
5.4.3 Component Damage Levels
80(2)
5.4.4 Detailed Analysis
82(7)
5.4.5 Identifying Limiting Factors
89(1)
5.5 Occupant Vulnerability to Explosion Hazards
90(1)
5.6 Actions Required at the Completion of the Evaluation
90(3)
5.6.1 Results That Meet Criteria
90(1)
5.6.2 Results That Do Not Meet Criteria
91(2)
6 Fire Hazards Assessment
93(16)
6.1 Introduction
93(4)
6.1.1 Overview of Fire Phenomena and Sources of Information
93(2)
6.1.2 Overview of Assessment of Fires in a Building Siting Evaluation
95(2)
6.2 Determining if a Fire Hazard Exists
97(1)
6.3 Spacing Table Approach
97(2)
6.4 Performing a Consequence-Based or Risk-Based Building Siting Evaluation for Fire
99(6)
6.4.1 Modeling and Quantifying Fire Hazards
101(1)
6.4.2 Building Response to Fire Hazards
102(1)
6.4.3 Calculation of Internal Temperature Risk
103(2)
6.5 Occupant Response to Fire Hazards
105(1)
6.5.1 Relevance of Training and Drills -- Human Reactions
106(1)
6.6 Defining the Fire Protection Concept
106(3)
6.6.1 Evacuation Considerations
106(2)
6.6.2 Impact to Operations
108(1)
7 Toxic Hazards Assessment
109(16)
7.1 Introduction
109(1)
7.2 Determining If a Toxic Hazard Exists
109(2)
7.3 Building Siting Evaluation for Toxics
111(9)
7.3.1 Modeling and Quantifying Toxic Hazards
113(4)
7.3.2 Building Design for Occupant Protection from Toxics
117(3)
7.4 Defining the Toxic Protection Concept
120(1)
7.4.1 Strategy for Building Design and Occupancy
120(1)
7.4.2 Selection of Strategy to Implement
120(1)
7.5 Evacuation vs. Sheltering-In-Place
120(5)
7.5.1 Attributes of Shelter-in-Place Strategy
120(2)
7.5.2 Attributes of Evacuation Strategy
122(1)
7.5.3 Strategy for Leak Detection
122(3)
8 Frequency And Probability Assessment
125(26)
8.1 Introduction
125(2)
8.2 Developing a Scenario List
127(2)
8.2.1 Individual Source Based Approach
127(1)
8.2.2 Scenario Outcome Based Approach
128(1)
8.3 Calculation of Frequency of Initiating Event or Accident
129(15)
8.3.1 Use of Company Historical Data
129(1)
8.3.2 Use of Historical Industry (Generic) Data
130(3)
8.3.3 Prediction by Quantifying Contributing Causes
133(5)
8.3.4 Factors that May Indicate Failure Rates Different than Standard Values
138(2)
8.3.5 Data Modification Methods
140(3)
8.3.6 Risk-Based Inspection
143(1)
8.3.7 Elimination of Failure Classes
143(1)
8.3.8 Interference Between Frequency Modification Methods
144(1)
8.4 Probability and Frequency of Final Outcomes
144(5)
8.4.1 Event Trees
144(1)
8.4.2 Quantification of an Event Tree
145(4)
8.5 Unit-Based Outcome Frequencies
149(2)
9 Risk Assessment
151(20)
9.1 Introduction
151(3)
9.1.1 Scope of Risk in This Book
151(1)
9.1.2 Definition of Risk in This Book
152(1)
9.1.3 Qualitative Versus Quantitative Risk Assessment
153(1)
9.2 Risk Measure Types
154(4)
9.2.1 Common Risk Measures
154(2)
9.2.2 Alternative Risk Types
156(1)
9.2.3 Summary of Risk Types
157(1)
9.3 Calculating Risk
158(11)
9.3.1 Overview
158(1)
9.3.2 Calculating Individual Risk
159(2)
9.3.3 Calculating Aggregate Risk
161(8)
9.4 Interpretation and Use of Risk Measures
169(2)
10 Mitigation Plans And Ongoing Risk Management
171(14)
10.1 Development of Mitigation Plans
171(6)
10.1.1 Selection of Mitigation Measures
171(4)
10.1.2 Mitigation Schedule
175(1)
10.1.3 Interim Measures
176(1)
10.2 Building Modifications
177(8)
10.2.1 Structural Strengthening to Increase Protection from Explosion Hazards
177(4)
10.2.2 Structural Modifications to Mitigate Fire Hazards
181(1)
10.2.3 Structural Modifications to Mitigate Toxic Hazards
181(4)
11 Managing The Building Siting Process
185(16)
11.1 Management of Change
185(2)
11.1.1 Managing the Occupancy of the Building
185(2)
11.2 Documentation Requirements
187(1)
11.2.1 Building Siting Procedure
187(1)
11.2.2 Mitigation Plan
188(1)
11.3 Documentation of Mitigation Systems Criteria and Performance
188(1)
11.3.1 Documentation of Mitigation Actions
188(1)
11.4 Maintaining Documentation "EverGreen"
189(12)
Index 201
Since 1985, the Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) has been the world leader in developing and disseminating information on process safety management and technology.  CCPS, an industry technology alliance of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), has published over 80 books in its process safety guidelines and process safety concepts series, and over 100 training modules through its Safety in Chemical Engineering Education (SACHE) series.
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