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Developments in Forensic Science. |
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1.1 A Brief History of Firearms. |
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1.2 Weapon Types and Their Operation. |
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2.1 A Brief History of Ammunition. |
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2.2 Ammunition Components. |
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2.4 A Brief History of Propellants. |
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2.5 Priming Compounds and Primers. |
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2.6 Headstamp Markings on Ammunition. |
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3.1 Internal, External and Terminal Ballistics. |
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4 Forensic Firearms Examination. |
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4.1 A Brief History of Forensic Firearms Identifi cation. |
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4.2 Rifl ing Types and Their Identifi cation. |
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4.3 Fluted, Annular Ringed, Helical, Perforated and Oversized Chambers. |
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4.4 Basic Concepts of Striation Matching. |
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4.5 Basic Methodology Used in Comparison Microscopy. |
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4.6 Mathematical Proof of Striation Matches. |
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4.7 Accidental Discharge. |
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4.8 Identifi cation of Calibre from the Bullet Entry Hole. |
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4.10 Bullet Penetration and Trajectory through Glass. |
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5 Range of Firing Estimations and Bullet Hole Examinations. |
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5.2 The Use of X-ray Photography. |
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5.3 Range of Firing Estimations for Pistols and Rifles. |
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5.4 Chemical Tests for Range of Firing Estimations and Bullet Entry/Exit Hole Identification. |
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5.5 Range of Firing Estimations for Shotguns. |
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6 Gunshot Residue Examination. |
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6.2 Formation of Discharge Residue. |
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6.3 Distribution of GSR Particles. |
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6.4 Identifi cation of GSR Particles. |
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6.5 The Use of the SEM for GSR Detection. |
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6.8 Conservation of GSR Particles on the Hands. |
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6.9 GSR Distribution on the Hands. |
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6.10 Identifi cation of Type of Ammunition, Country of Origin from GSR Analysis. |
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6.11 Environmental Contaminants. |
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6.12 Sources of Elements Commonly Found in Lead-Based GSRs. |
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6.13 Extending the Recovery Period for GSR. |
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7.2 Methodology for Ferrozine Use. |
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8 Restoration of Erased Numbers. |
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8.2 Methods Used for Removal of Serial Numbers. |
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8.3 Theory behind Number Restoration. |
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8.4 Non-recoverable Methods of Number Removal. |
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8.5 Practice of Number Restoration. |
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8.6 Chemical Methods of Restoration. |
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8.7 Reagents Used for Various Metals. |
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8.8 Electrolytic Methods of Restoration. |
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8.10 Ultrasonic Cavitation for Restoration. |
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8.11 Magnetic Particle Method for Restoration. |
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8.12 Other Methods of Restoration. |
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8.13 Laser-Etched Serial Numbers and Bar Codes and Their Restoration. |
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9 Qualifying the Expert and Cross-Examination Questions. |
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9.2 General Background Questions. |
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9.3 Comparison Microscopy. |
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9.6 Standard of Review: ‘Daubert Trilogy’. |
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10 Classifi cation of Firearm-Related Death. |
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10.1 Multiple-Shot Suicides. |
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Appendix 1 Important dates in the History of Firearms from 1247. |
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Appendix 2 GSR results for Chinese and USSR ammunition. |
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Appendix 3 Primer content of some cartridge-operated nail guns. |
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Appendix 4 Commercial and General Abbreviations for Bullet Confi gurations. |
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Appendix 7 Powder Burn Rate. |
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Appendix 9 General Firearms Values Conversion Table. |
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