Preface |
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xix | |
Acknowledgements |
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xxiii | |
About the Editors |
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xxv | |
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xxvii | |
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PART ONE Commodity Markets and Products |
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Chapter 1 Oil Markets and Products |
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3 | (64) |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2 Risk Management for Corporations: Hedging Using Derivative Instruments |
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4 | (37) |
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1.2.1 Crude Oil and Oil Products Risk Management for Corporations |
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4 | (7) |
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1.2.2 Aviation: Risk Profile and Hedging Strategies |
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11 | (9) |
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1.2.3 Shipping: Risk Profile and Hedging Strategies |
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20 | (7) |
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1.2.4 Land Transportation: Risk Profile and Hedging Strategies |
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27 | (5) |
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1.2.5 Utilities: Risk Profile and Hedging Strategies |
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32 | (3) |
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1.2.6 Refineries: Risk Profile and Hedging Strategies |
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35 | (5) |
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1.2.7 Industrial Consumers: Risk Profile and Hedging Strategies |
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40 | (1) |
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1.3 Oil Physical Market Hedging and Trading |
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41 | (26) |
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1.3.1 The Actors, Futures and OTC Prices |
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41 | (4) |
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1.3.2 The Most Commonly Used Financial Instruments |
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45 | (4) |
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1.3.3 How to Monitor and Manage Risk |
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49 | (3) |
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1.3.4 How to Create a Market View |
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52 | (2) |
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1.3.5 Trading Strategies to Maximize a Market View |
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54 | (12) |
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66 | (1) |
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Chapter 2 Coal Markets and Products |
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67 | (68) |
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67 | (5) |
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2.2 Source of Coal - Synopsis of the Resource Coal |
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72 | (18) |
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2.2.1 The Fundamentals of Energy Sources and Fossil Fuels |
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72 | (2) |
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2.2.2 Process of Coal Formation |
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74 | (1) |
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2.2.3 Coal Classification |
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74 | (5) |
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2.2.4 Reserves and Resources |
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79 | (4) |
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2.2.5 Coal Mining and Production |
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83 | (7) |
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2.3 Use of Coal - Power Generation and More |
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90 | (12) |
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2.3.1 Steam Coal and its Role in Power Generation |
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91 | (2) |
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2.3.2 Coal-Fired Power Plant Technologies |
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93 | (2) |
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2.3.3 Cement and Other Industry |
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95 | (1) |
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2.3.4 Alternatives to Coal: Shale Gas and Other |
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95 | (6) |
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2.3.5 Future Trend: CtL and Coal Bed Methane |
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101 | (1) |
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2.4 Overview of Worldwide Steam Coal Supply and Demand |
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102 | (19) |
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2.4.1 Atlantic Demand Market: Europe at its Core |
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102 | (2) |
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2.4.2 Pacific Demand Market: China, India, Japan, Taiwan, Korea and SEA |
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104 | (3) |
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2.4.3 Steam Coal Supply Regions: ID, AU, USA, SA, RU, CO and Others |
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107 | (9) |
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116 | (2) |
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2.4.5 Geopolitical and Policy Environment |
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118 | (3) |
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2.5 The Global Steam Coal Trade Market and its Future |
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121 | (8) |
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2.5.1 Current and Future Market Dynamics of the Coal Trade |
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121 | (4) |
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2.5.2 Future Steam Coal Price Trends |
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125 | (2) |
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2.5.3 Future Source of Energy: What Role Will Coal Play? |
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127 | (2) |
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129 | (6) |
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Abbreviations and Definitions |
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130 | (2) |
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132 | (1) |
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132 | (3) |
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Chapter 3 Natural Gas Markets and Products |
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135 | (46) |
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3.1 Physical Natural Gas Markets |
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135 | (19) |
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141 | (5) |
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3.1.2 Natural Gas Market Hubs and Main Participants |
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146 | (1) |
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3.1.3 Liquefied Natural Gas |
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147 | (2) |
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149 | (5) |
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3.2 Natural Gas Contracting and Pricing |
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154 | (4) |
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3.2.1 Natural Gas Price Formation |
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155 | (3) |
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3.3 Financial Natural Gas Markets |
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158 | (23) |
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3.3.1 Exchange-Based Markets |
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158 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Natural Gas Futures |
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159 | (13) |
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3.3.3 Natural Gas Options |
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172 | (7) |
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3.3.4 OTC Markets and Products |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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Chapter 4 Electricity Markets and Products |
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181 | (42) |
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4.1 Market Structure and Price Components |
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181 | (24) |
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4.1.1 Spot and Forward Markets |
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181 | (2) |
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4.1.2 Supply and Demand Interaction |
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183 | (3) |
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4.1.3 Electricity Derivatives |
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186 | (3) |
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189 | (7) |
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4.1.5 Spot Price Analysis (IPEX Case) |
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196 | (4) |
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4.1.6 Forward Price Analysis (EEX Case) |
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200 | (5) |
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4.2 Renewables, Intra-Day Trading and Capacity Markets |
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205 | (11) |
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4.2.1 Renewables Expansion Targets |
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205 | (1) |
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4.2.2 Growth in Intra-Day Trading |
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206 | (1) |
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4.2.3 Implications for Future Price Volatility and Price Profiles |
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207 | (2) |
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4.2.4 Reforms and Innovations in Capacity Markets |
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209 | (3) |
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4.2.5 Provision and Remuneration of Flexibility - Storage Assets |
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212 | (4) |
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4.3 Risk Measures for Power Portfolios |
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216 | (7) |
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4.3.1 Value-Based Risk Measures |
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216 | (2) |
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4.3.2 Flow-Based Risk Measures |
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218 | (2) |
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4.3.3 Credit Risk for Power Portfolios |
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220 | (1) |
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221 | (1) |
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221 | (2) |
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Chapter 5 Emissions Markets and Products |
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223 | (32) |
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223 | (1) |
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5.2 Climate Change and the Economics of Externalities |
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224 | (3) |
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5.2.1 The Climate Change Issue |
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224 | (2) |
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5.2.2 The Economics of Externality and GHG Pollution |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (5) |
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5.3.1 The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |
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227 | (2) |
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5.3.2 The Conference of Parties and the Subsidiary Bodies |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (2) |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (7) |
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5.4.1 Institutional Features |
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232 | (2) |
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5.4.2 Allocation Criteria |
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234 | (2) |
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5.4.3 Market Players and the Permit Markets |
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236 | (2) |
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5.4.4 The Future of the EU ETS |
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238 | (1) |
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5.5 Regional Markets: A Fragmented Landscape |
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239 | (2) |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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5.6 A New Asset Class: CO2 Emission Permits |
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241 | (14) |
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5.6.1 Macroeconomic Models |
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242 | (1) |
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5.6.2 Econometric Investigation of CO 2 Permit Price Time-Series |
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243 | (8) |
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5.6.3 Stochastic Equilibrium Models |
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251 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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252 | (3) |
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Chapter 6 Weather Risk and Weather Derivatives |
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255 | (24) |
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255 | (2) |
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6.2 Identification of Volumetric Risk |
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257 | (7) |
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6.2.1 Weather Events on the Demand Curve |
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258 | (2) |
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6.2.2 Weather Events on the Supply Curve |
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260 | (2) |
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6.2.3 Risk Measurement and Weather-at-Risk |
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262 | (2) |
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6.3 Atmospheric Temperature and Natural Gas Market |
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264 | (8) |
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6.3.1 Characterization of the Air Temperature Meteorological Variable |
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264 | (3) |
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267 | (3) |
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6.3.3 Volumetric Risk in the Natural Gas Market |
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270 | (2) |
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6.4 Modification of Weather Risk Exposure with Weather Derivatives |
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272 | (4) |
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6.4.1 Weather Derivatives for Temperature-Related Risk |
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273 | (3) |
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276 | (3) |
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277 | (1) |
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277 | (2) |
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Chapter 7 Industrial Metals Markets and Products |
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279 | (76) |
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279 | (26) |
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7.1.1 Brief History of the LME |
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280 | (2) |
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282 | (9) |
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291 | (1) |
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292 | (6) |
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298 | (3) |
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7.1.6 A New Player: The Investor |
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301 | (4) |
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305 | (32) |
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7.2.1 Building LME's Curves in Practice |
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308 | (5) |
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313 | (1) |
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7.2.3 LME, COMEX and SHFE Copper Curve and Arbitrage |
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314 | (4) |
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318 | (6) |
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7.2.5 ...and No-Limit Backwardation |
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324 | (4) |
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7.2.6 Hedging the Curve in Practice |
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328 | (9) |
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337 | (18) |
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7.3.1 A European Disguised as an American |
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338 | (1) |
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7.3.2 LME's Closing Volatilities |
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339 | (3) |
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7.3.3 Sticky Strike, Sticky Delta and Skew |
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342 | (3) |
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7.3.4 Building the Surface in Practice |
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345 | (3) |
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7.3.5 Considerations on Vega Hedging |
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348 | (4) |
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352 | (1) |
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353 | (1) |
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353 | (2) |
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Chapter 8 Freight Markets and Products |
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355 | (44) |
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Dimitris N. Dimitrakopoulos |
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355 | (1) |
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8.2 Business Risks in Shipping |
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356 | (10) |
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8.2.1 The Sources of Risk in the Shipping Industry |
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356 | (2) |
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8.2.2 Market Segmentation in the Shipping Industry |
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358 | (1) |
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8.2.3 Empirical Regularities in Freight Rate Markets |
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359 | (6) |
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8.2.4 Traditional Risk Management Strategies |
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365 | (1) |
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8.3 Freight Rate Derivatives |
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366 | (16) |
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8.3.1 Risk Management in Shipping |
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366 | (1) |
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8.3.2 The Underlying Indices of Freight Rate Derivatives |
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366 | (6) |
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8.3.3 The Freight Derivatives Market |
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372 | (8) |
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8.3.4 Examples of Freight Derivatives Trading |
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380 | (2) |
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8.4 Pricing, Hedging and Freight Rate Risk Measurement |
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382 | (11) |
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8.4.1 Pricing and Hedging Effectiveness of Freight Derivatives |
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382 | (2) |
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8.4.2 Value-at-Risk (VaR) in Freight Markets |
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384 | (5) |
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8.4.3 Expected Shortfall (ES) in Freight Markets |
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389 | (1) |
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8.4.4 Empirical Evidence on Freight Derivatives |
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390 | (3) |
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8.5 Other Derivatives for the Shipping Industry |
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393 | (3) |
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8.5.1 Bunker Fuel Derivatives |
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393 | (2) |
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8.5.2 Vessel Value Derivatives |
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395 | (1) |
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8.5.3 Foreign Exchange Rate Derivatives Contracts |
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395 | (1) |
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8.5.4 Interest Rate Derivatives Contracts |
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396 | (1) |
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396 | (3) |
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396 | (1) |
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397 | (2) |
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Chapter 9 Agricultural and Soft Markets |
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399 | (100) |
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9.1 Introduction: Stakes and Objectives |
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399 | (1) |
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399 | (1) |
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399 | (1) |
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9.2 Agricultural Commodity Specificity and Futures Markets |
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400 | (9) |
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9.2.1 Agricultural Commodity Specificity |
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400 | (2) |
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9.2.2 Volatility of Agricultural Markets |
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402 | (1) |
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9.2.3 Forward Contract and Futures Contract |
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402 | (2) |
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9.2.4 Major Agricultural Futures Markets and Contracts |
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404 | (1) |
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9.2.5 Roles of Futures Markets |
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405 | (1) |
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9.2.6 Institutions Related to Futures Markets |
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406 | (1) |
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9.2.7 Commodity Futures Contracts |
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406 | (2) |
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408 | (1) |
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9.2.9 Monitoring Hedging: Settlement |
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409 | (1) |
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9.2.10 Accounting and Tax Rules |
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409 | (1) |
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9.3 Demand and Supply, Price Determinants and Dynamics |
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409 | (57) |
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9.3.1 Supply and Demand for Agricultural Commodities: The Determinants |
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409 | (4) |
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9.3.2 Agricultural Market Prices, Failures and Policies |
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413 | (3) |
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9.3.3 The Price Dynamics of Seasonal and Storable Agricultural Commodities |
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416 | (1) |
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9.3.4 The Features of Major Agricultural and Soft Markets |
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417 | (49) |
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9.4 Hedging and Basis Management |
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466 | (14) |
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9.4.1 Short Hedging for Producers |
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466 | (3) |
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9.4.2 Long Hedging for Processors |
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469 | (2) |
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9.4.3 Management of Basis Risk |
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471 | (9) |
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9.5 The Financialization of Agricultural Markets and Hunger: Speculation and Regulation |
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480 | (13) |
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9.5.1 Factors Affecting the Volatility of Agricultural Commodity Prices |
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480 | (3) |
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9.5.2 Financialization: Impact of Non-commercial Traders on Market Price |
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483 | (1) |
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9.5.3 The Financialization of Grain Markets and Speculation |
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484 | (5) |
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9.5.4 Bubble or Not, Agricultural Commodities have Become an Asset Class |
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489 | (1) |
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9.5.5 Price Volatility and Regulation |
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490 | (3) |
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9.5.6 Ongoing Research about Speculation and Regulation |
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493 | (1) |
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9.6 Conclusion about Hedging and Futures Contracts |
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493 | (6) |
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493 | (1) |
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9.6.2 Key Success Factors for Agricultural Commodity Futures Contracts |
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494 | (1) |
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9.6.3 Conclusion and Prospects |
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495 | (1) |
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495 | (1) |
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496 | (1) |
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Glossary, Quotations and Policy on Websites |
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497 | (2) |
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Chapter 10 Foreign Exchange Markets and Products |
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499 | (58) |
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499 | (10) |
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10.1.1 FX Rates and Spot Contracts |
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499 | (1) |
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10.1.2 Outright and FX Swap Contracts |
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500 | (4) |
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10.1.3 FX Option Contracts |
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504 | (3) |
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10.1.4 Main Traded FX Options Structures |
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507 | (2) |
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10.2 Pricing Models for FX Options |
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509 | (2) |
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10.2.1 The Black-Scholes Model |
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510 | (1) |
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10.3 The Volatility Surface |
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511 | (1) |
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512 | (1) |
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10.4.1 A Taxonomy of Barrier Options |
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512 | (1) |
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10.5 Sources of FX Risk Exposure |
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513 | (4) |
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10.6 Hedging FX Exposures Embedded in Energy and Commodity Contracts |
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517 | (16) |
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10.6.1 FX Forward Exposures and Conversions |
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518 | (4) |
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10.6.2 FX-Linked Energy Contracts |
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522 | (11) |
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10.7 Typical Hedging Structures for FX Risk Exposure |
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533 | (24) |
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10.7.1 Collar Plain Vanilla |
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533 | (3) |
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536 | (2) |
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10.7.3 Participating Forward |
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538 | (2) |
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540 | (3) |
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543 | (2) |
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10.7.6 Knock-In Knock-out Forward |
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545 | (3) |
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10.7.7 Resettable Forward |
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548 | (2) |
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10.7.8 Range Resettable Forward |
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550 | (3) |
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553 | (4) |
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PART TWO Quantitative Topics |
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Chapter 11 An Introduction to Stochastic Calculus with Matlab® Examples |
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557 | (78) |
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558 | (8) |
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11.1.1 Defining Brownian Motion |
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558 | (8) |
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11.2 The Stochastic Integral and Stochastic Differential Equations |
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566 | (9) |
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566 | (1) |
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11.2.2 Defining the Stochastic Integral |
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567 | (1) |
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11.2.3 The Ito Stochastic Integral as a Mean Square Limit of Suitable Riemann-Stieltjes Sums |
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567 | (1) |
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11.2.4 A Motivating Example: Computing ∫t 0W(s)dW(s) |
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568 | (1) |
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11.2.5 Properties of the Stochastic Integral |
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569 | (2) |
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11.2.6 Ito Process and Stochastic Differential Equations |
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571 | (2) |
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11.2.7 Solving Stochastic Integrals and/or Stochastic Differential Equations |
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573 | (2) |
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11.3 Introducing Ito's Formula |
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575 | (6) |
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11.3.1 A Fact from Ordinary Calculus |
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576 | (1) |
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11.3.2 Ito's Formula when Y = g(x), g(x) C2 |
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576 | (1) |
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577 | (1) |
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11.3.4 Ito's Formula when Y(t) = g(t, X), g(t, X) C1, 2 |
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577 | (1) |
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11.3.5 The Multivariate Ito's Lemma when Z = g(t, X, Y) |
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578 | (3) |
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581 | (37) |
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11.4.1 The Geometric Brownian Motion GBM(μ, σ) |
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581 | (7) |
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11.4.2 The Vasicek Mean-Reverting Process |
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588 | (7) |
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11.4.3 The Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR) Model |
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595 | (9) |
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11.4.4 The Constant Elasticity of Variance (CEV) Model |
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604 | (3) |
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11.4.5 The Brownian Bridge |
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607 | (4) |
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11.4.6 The Stochastic Volatility Heston Model (1987) |
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611 | (7) |
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11.5 Stochastic Processes with Jumps |
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618 | (17) |
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618 | (5) |
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11.5.2 Jump Diffusion Processes |
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623 | (5) |
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11.5.3 Time-Changed Brownian Motion |
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628 | (4) |
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11.5.4 Final Remark: Levy Processes |
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632 | (1) |
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633 | (1) |
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633 | (2) |
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Chapter 12 Estimating Commodity Term Structure Volatilities |
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635 | (24) |
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635 | (1) |
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12.2 Model Estimation Using the Kalman Filter |
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635 | (11) |
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12.2.1 Description of the Methodology |
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636 | (6) |
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12.2.2 Case Study: Estimating Parameters on Crude Oil |
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642 | (4) |
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12.3 Principal Components Analysis |
|
|
646 | (9) |
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12.3.1 PCA: Technical Presentation |
|
|
647 | (4) |
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12.3.2 Case Study: Risk Analysis on Energy Markets |
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651 | (4) |
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655 | (4) |
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655 | (2) |
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657 | (2) |
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Chapter 13 Nonparametric Estimation of Energy and Commodity Price Processes |
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|
659 | (14) |
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659 | (1) |
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660 | (3) |
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663 | (10) |
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672 | (1) |
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Chapter 14 How to Build Electricity Forward Curves |
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673 | (14) |
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673 | (1) |
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14.2 Review of the Literature |
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|
674 | (1) |
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14.3 Electricity Forward Contracts |
|
|
675 | (2) |
|
14.4 Smoothing Forward Price Curves |
|
|
677 | (2) |
|
14.5 An Illustrative Example: Daily Forward Curve |
|
|
679 | (5) |
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|
684 | (3) |
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|
684 | (3) |
|
Chapter 15 GARCH Models for Commodity Markets |
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|
687 | (68) |
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|
687 | (3) |
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15.2 The GARCH Model: General Definition |
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|
690 | (9) |
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|
692 | (1) |
|
15.2.2 The GARCH(p, q) Model |
|
|
693 | (2) |
|
15.2.3 The Yule-Walker Equations for the Squared Process |
|
|
695 | (1) |
|
15.2.4 Stationarity of the GARCH(p, q) |
|
|
696 | (2) |
|
15.2.5 Forecasting Volatility with GARCH |
|
|
698 | (1) |
|
15.3 The IGARCH(p, q) Model |
|
|
699 | (1) |
|
15.4 A Permanent and Transitory Component Model of Volatility |
|
|
700 | (2) |
|
|
702 | (5) |
|
15.5.1 The EGARCH(p, q) Model |
|
|
702 | (2) |
|
15.5.2 Other Asymmetric Models |
|
|
704 | (2) |
|
15.5.3 The News Impact Curve |
|
|
706 | (1) |
|
|
707 | (1) |
|
|
708 | (1) |
|
|
708 | (5) |
|
15.8 Long-Memory GARCH Models |
|
|
713 | (7) |
|
|
716 | (3) |
|
15.8.2 The FIEGARCH Model |
|
|
719 | (1) |
|
|
720 | (2) |
|
15.9.1 Likelihood Computation |
|
|
720 | (2) |
|
|
722 | (3) |
|
15.10.1 Testing for ARCH Effects |
|
|
722 | (1) |
|
15.10.2 Test for Asymmetric Effects |
|
|
723 | (2) |
|
|
725 | (2) |
|
15.11.1 BEKK Parameterization of MGARCH |
|
|
726 | (1) |
|
15.11.2 The Dynamic Conditional Correlation Model |
|
|
726 | (1) |
|
15.12 Empirical Applications |
|
|
727 | (13) |
|
15.12.1 Univariate Volatility Modelling |
|
|
727 | (6) |
|
15.12.2 A Simple Risk Measurement Application: A Bivariate Example with Copulas |
|
|
733 | (7) |
|
|
740 | (15) |
|
|
748 | (7) |
|
Chapter 16 Pricing Commodity Swaps with Counterparty Credit Risk: The Case of Credit Value Adjustment |
|
|
755 | (46) |
|
|
|
|
|
755 | (1) |
|
16.1.1 Energy Company Strategies in Derivative Instruments |
|
|
755 | (1) |
|
16.2 Company Energy Policy |
|
|
756 | (2) |
|
|
756 | (1) |
|
|
757 | (1) |
|
16.3 A Focus on Commodity Swap Contracts |
|
|
758 | (2) |
|
16.3.1 Definition and Main Features of a Commodity Swap |
|
|
758 | (2) |
|
16.4 Modelling the Dynamics of Oil Spot Prices and the Forward Curve |
|
|
760 | (4) |
|
16.4.1 The Schwartz and Smith Pricing Model |
|
|
760 | (4) |
|
16.5 An Empirical Application |
|
|
764 | (13) |
|
16.5.1 The Commodity Swap Features |
|
|
764 | (1) |
|
16.5.2 Calibration of the Theoretical Schwartz and Smith Forward Curve |
|
|
765 | (7) |
|
16.5.3 The Monte Carlo Simulation of Oil Spot Prices |
|
|
772 | (1) |
|
16.5.4 The Computation of Brent Forward Curves at Any Given Valuation Date |
|
|
773 | (4) |
|
16.6 Measuring Counterparty Risk |
|
|
777 | (11) |
|
|
779 | (3) |
|
16.6.2 Swap Fixed Price Adjustment for Counterparty Risk |
|
|
782 | (2) |
|
16.6.3 Right- and Wrong-Way Risk |
|
|
784 | (4) |
|
16.7 Sensitivity Analysis |
|
|
788 | (1) |
|
16.8 Accounting for Derivatives and Credit Value Adjustments |
|
|
788 | (9) |
|
16.8.1 Example of Hedge Effectiveness |
|
|
791 | (5) |
|
16.8.2 Accounting for CVA |
|
|
796 | (1) |
|
|
797 | (4) |
|
|
798 | (1) |
|
|
798 | (3) |
|
Chapter 17 Pricing Energy Spread Options |
|
|
801 | (26) |
|
|
|
17.1 Spread Options in Energy Markets |
|
|
801 | (4) |
|
17.2 Pricing of Spread Options with Zero Strike |
|
|
805 | (8) |
|
|
813 | (2) |
|
17.4 Pricing of Spread Options with Nonzero Strike |
|
|
815 | (12) |
|
17.4.1 Kirk's Approximation Formula |
|
|
817 | (3) |
|
17.4.2 Approximation by Margrabe Based on Taylor Expansion |
|
|
820 | (3) |
|
17.4.3 Other Pricing Methods |
|
|
823 | (1) |
|
|
824 | (1) |
|
|
825 | (2) |
|
Chapter 18 Asian Options: Payoffs and Pricing Models |
|
|
827 | (50) |
|
|
|
|
|
832 | (1) |
|
18.2 Pricing Asian Options in the Lognormal Setting |
|
|
833 | (23) |
|
|
835 | (9) |
|
|
844 | (1) |
|
18.2.3 Monte carlo simulation |
|
|
845 | (11) |
|
|
856 | (2) |
|
18.4 The Flexible Square-Root Model |
|
|
858 | (16) |
|
|
861 | (9) |
|
|
870 | (1) |
|
|
871 | (3) |
|
|
874 | (3) |
|
|
874 | (3) |
|
Chapter 19 Natural Gas Storage Modelling |
|
|
877 | (24) |
|
|
|
|
|
877 | (1) |
|
19.2 A Simple Model of Storage, Futures Prices, Spot Prices And Convenience Yield |
|
|
878 | (2) |
|
19.3 Valuation of Gas Storage |
|
|
880 | (21) |
|
19.3.1 Least-Squares Monte Carlo |
|
|
881 | (2) |
|
|
883 | (1) |
|
19.3.3 Extending the LSMC to Price Gas Storage |
|
|
883 | (1) |
|
|
884 | (4) |
|
|
888 | (2) |
|
|
890 | (1) |
|
19.3.7 Closed-Form Storage Solution |
|
|
891 | (1) |
|
19.3.8 Monte Carlo Convergence |
|
|
892 | (2) |
|
19.3.9 Simulated Storage Operations |
|
|
894 | (3) |
|
|
897 | (2) |
|
|
899 | (2) |
|
Chapter 20 Commodity-Linked Arbitrage Strategies and Porttolio Management |
|
|
901 | (38) |
|
|
20.1 Commodity-Linked Arbitrage Strategies |
|
|
902 | (19) |
|
20.1.1 The Efficient Market Hypothesis |
|
|
902 | (1) |
|
20.1.2 Risk Arbitrage Opportunities in Commodity Markets |
|
|
903 | (3) |
|
20.1.3 Basic Quantitative Trading Strategies |
|
|
906 | (8) |
|
20.1.4 A General Statistical Arbitrage Trading Methodology |
|
|
914 | (7) |
|
20.2 Portfolio Optimization with Commodities |
|
|
921 | (18) |
|
20.2.1 Commodities as an Asset Class |
|
|
921 | (2) |
|
20.2.2 Commodity Futures Return Characteristics |
|
|
923 | (2) |
|
20.2.3 Risk Premiums in Commodity Markets |
|
|
925 | (3) |
|
20.2.4 Commodities as a Portfolio Diversifier |
|
|
928 | (1) |
|
20.2.5 Risk-Return Optimization in Commodity Portfolios |
|
|
929 | (7) |
|
|
936 | (1) |
|
|
936 | (3) |
|
Chapter 21 Econometric Analysis of Energy and Commodity Markets: Multiple Hypothesis Testing Techniques |
|
|
939 | (28) |
|
|
|
939 | (1) |
|
21.2 Multiple Hypothesis Testing |
|
|
940 | (3) |
|
21.2.1 Generalized Familywise Error Rate |
|
|
941 | (1) |
|
21.2.2 Per-Familywise Error Rate |
|
|
942 | (1) |
|
21.2.3 False Discovery Proportion |
|
|
942 | (1) |
|
21.2.4 False Discovery Rate |
|
|
943 | (1) |
|
21.2.5 Single-Step and Stepwise Procedures |
|
|
943 | (1) |
|
21.3 Energy-Emissions Market Interactions |
|
|
943 | (10) |
|
|
943 | (1) |
|
|
944 | (1) |
|
|
945 | (5) |
|
|
950 | (3) |
|
21.4 Emissions Market Interactions |
|
|
953 | (3) |
|
21.4.1 Testing Framework and Data |
|
|
953 | (2) |
|
|
955 | (1) |
|
21.5 Quantitative Spread Trading in Oil Markets |
|
|
956 | (11) |
|
21.5.1 Testing Framework and Data |
|
|
956 | (1) |
|
21.5.2 Optimal Statistical Arbitrage Model |
|
|
957 | (2) |
|
21.5.3 Resampling-Based MHT Procedures |
|
|
959 | (5) |
|
|
964 | (1) |
|
|
964 | (3) |
Appendix A Quick Review of Distributions Relevant in Finance with Matlab® Examples |
|
967 | (38) |
|
|
Index |
|
1005 | |