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E-raamat: Harnessing Green IT - Principles and Practices: Principles and Practices [Wiley Online]

Edited by (Politecnico di Milano), Edited by (University of Western Sydney)
  • Formaat: 432 pages
  • Sari: IEEE Press
  • Ilmumisaeg: 05-Oct-2012
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Blackwell
  • ISBN-10: 1118305396
  • ISBN-13: 9781118305393
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Wiley Online
  • Hind: 119,47 €*
  • * hind, mis tagab piiramatu üheaegsete kasutajate arvuga ligipääsu piiramatuks ajaks
Harnessing Green IT - Principles and Practices: Principles and PracticesSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 432 pages
  • Sari: IEEE Press
  • Ilmumisaeg: 05-Oct-2012
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Blackwell
  • ISBN-10: 1118305396
  • ISBN-13: 9781118305393
Teised raamatud teemal:
Wiley Online e-raamatudRohkem infot Wiley Online kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118305393
Ultimately, this is a remarkable book, a practical testimonial, and a comprehensive bibliography rolled into one. It is a single, bright sword cut across the various murky green IT topics. And if my mistakes and lessons learned through the green IT journey are any indication, this book will be used every day by folks interested in greening IT.  Simon Y. Liu, Ph.D. & Ed.D., Editor-in-Chief, IT Professional Magazine, IEEE Computer Society, Director, U.S. National Agricultural Library

This book presents a holistic perspective on Green IT by discussing its various facets and showing how to strategically embrace it

Harnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices examines various ways of making computing and information systems greener environmentally sustainable -, as well as several means of using Information Technology (IT) as a tool and an enabler to improve the environmental sustainability. The book focuses on both greening of IT and greening by IT complimentary approaches to attaining environmental sustainability.   In a single volume, it   comprehensively covers several key aspects of Green IT - green technologies, design, standards, maturity models, strategies and adoption -, and presents a clear approach to greening IT encompassing green use, green disposal, green design, and green manufacturing. It also illustrates how to strategically apply green IT in practice in several areas.

Key Features:





Presents a comprehensive coverage of key topics of importance and practical relevance  - green technologies, design, standards, maturity models, strategies and adoption Highlights several useful approaches to embracing green IT in several areas Features chapters written by accomplished experts from industry and academia who have first-hand knowledge and expertise in specific areas of green IT Presents a set of review and discussion questions for each chapter that will help the readers to examine and explore the green IT domain further Includes a companion website providing  resources for further information and presentation slides

This book will be an invaluable resource for IT Professionals, academics, students, researchers, project leaders/managers, IT business executives, CIOs, CTOs and anyone interested in Green IT and harnessing it to enhance our environment.
About the Editors xix
About the Authors xxi
Foreword xxix
Preface xxxi
Acknowledgements xxxv
1 Green IT: An Overview
1(22)
San Murugesan
G.R. Gangadharan
Key Points
1(1)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Environmental Concerns and Sustainable Development
2(2)
1.2.1 The Inconvenient Truth
3(1)
1.2.2 Sustainable Development
4(1)
1.2.3 Why Should You Go Green?
4(1)
1.3 Environmental Impacts of IT
4(1)
1.4 Green IT
5(2)
1.4.1 OCED Green IT Framework
6(1)
1.4.2 Green IT 1.0 and 2.0
7(1)
1.5 Holistic Approach to Greening IT
7(3)
1.5.1 Greening Computer's Entire Life Cycle
8(1)
1.5.2 The Three Rs of Green IT
9(1)
1.6 Greening IT
10(4)
1.6.1 Green PCs, Notebooks and Servers
10(1)
1.6.2 Green Data Centres
10(2)
1.6.3 Green Cloud Computing
12(1)
1.6.4 Green Data Storage
12(1)
1.6.5 Green Software
13(1)
1.6.6 Green Networking and Communications
13(1)
1.7 Applying IT for Enhancing Environmental Sustainability
14(1)
1.8 Green IT Standards and Eco-Labelling of IT
15(1)
1.9 Enterprise Green IT Strategy
15(2)
1.9.1 Green Washing
17(1)
1.10 Green IT: Burden or Opportunity?
17(1)
1.11 Conclusion
18(5)
Review Questions
19(1)
Discussion Questions
19(1)
References
19(1)
Further Reading and Useful Web Sites
20(3)
2 Green Devices and Hardware
23(16)
Ashok Pon Kumar
Sateesh S. Kannegala
Key Points
23(1)
2.1 Introduction
23(1)
2.2 Life Cycle of a Device or Hardware
24(10)
2.2.1 Design
25(1)
2.2.2 Manufacturing
26(2)
2.2.3 Packaging and Transportation
28(1)
2.2.4 Use
29(5)
2.3 Reuse, Recycle and Dispose
34(2)
2.4 Conclusions
36(3)
Review Questions
37(1)
Discussion Questions
37(1)
References
37(2)
3 Green Software
39(24)
Bob Steigerwald
Abhishek Agrawal
Key Points
39(1)
3.1 Introduction
39(2)
3.1.1 Processor Power States
40(1)
3.2 Energy-Saving Software Techniques
41(14)
3.2.1 Computational Efficiency
42(3)
3.2.2 Data Efficiency
45(4)
3.2.3 Context Awareness
49(3)
3.2.4 Idle Efficiency
52(3)
3.3 Evaluating and Measuring Software Impact to Platform Power
55(4)
3.3.1 Fluke NetDAQ® (Networked Data Acquisition Unit)
55(2)
3.3.2 Software Tools
57(2)
3.4 Summary
59(4)
Acknowledgements
60(1)
Review Questions
61(1)
Discussion Questions
61(1)
References
61(1)
Further Reading
62(1)
4 Sustainable Software Development
63(22)
Felipe Albertao
Key Points
63(1)
4.1 Introduction
63(1)
4.2 Current Practices
64(1)
4.3 Sustainable Software
65(1)
4.4 Software Sustainability Attributes
66(2)
4.5 Software Sustainability Metrics
68(5)
4.5.1 Modifiability and Reusability
68(2)
4.5.2 Portability
70(1)
4.5.3 Supportability
71(1)
4.5.4 Performance
71(1)
4.5.5 Dependability
71(1)
4.5.6 Usability
71(1)
4.5.7 Accessibility
72(1)
4.5.8 Predictability
72(1)
4.5.9 Efficiency
73(1)
4.5.10 Project's Carbon Footprint
73(1)
4.6 Sustainable Software Methodology
73(4)
4.6.1 Collecting Metrics
73(1)
4.6.2 Code Metrics Tools
74(1)
4.6.3 Simplified Usability Study
75(1)
4.6.4 Platform Analysis
76(1)
4.6.5 Existing Project Statistics
77(1)
4.7 Defining Actions
77(1)
4.8 Case Study
78(4)
4.8.1 Modifiability and Reusability
78(1)
4.8.2 Portability
78(1)
4.8.3 Supportability
79(1)
4.8.4 Performance
79(1)
4.8.5 Dependability
79(1)
4.8.6 Usability
79(1)
4.8.7 Accessibility
79(2)
4.8.8 Predictability
81(1)
4.8.9 Efficiency
81(1)
4.8.10 Project's Footprint
81(1)
4.8.11 Results and Actions
81(1)
4.9 Conclusions
82(3)
Review Questions
82(1)
Discussion Questions
82(1)
References
83(2)
5 Green Data Centres
85(28)
Charles G. Sheridan
Keith A. Ellis
Enrique G. Castro-Leon
Christopher P. Fowler
Key Points
85(1)
5.1 Data Centres and Associated Energy Challenges
85(2)
5.2 Data Centre IT Infrastructure
87(5)
5.2.1 Servers
87(2)
5.2.2 Networking
89(1)
5.2.3 Storage
89(1)
5.2.4 IT Platform Innovation
90(2)
5.3 Data Centre Facility Infrastructure: Implications for Energy Efficiency
92(6)
5.3.1 Power System
92(3)
5.3.2 Cooling
95(2)
5.3.3 Facilities Infrastructure Management
97(1)
5.4 IT Infrastructure Management
98(8)
5.4.1 Server Power
98(3)
5.4.2 Consolidation
101(3)
5.4.3 Virtualization
104(2)
5.5 Green Data Centre Metrics
106(2)
5.5.1 PUE and DCiE
106(1)
5.5.2 Power versus Energy Consumption
107(1)
5.6 Data Centre Management Strategies: A Case Study
108(2)
5.6.1 Challenges
108(1)
5.6.2 Tested Solution
108(1)
5.6.3 Impact
108(1)
5.6.4 A Thorough Evaluation
109(1)
5.7 Conclusions
110(3)
Review Questions
111(1)
Discussion Questions
111(1)
References
111(1)
Further Reading and Useful Web Sites
112(1)
6 Green Data Storage
113(14)
Pin Zhou
Nagapramod Mandagere
Key Points
113(1)
6.1 Introduction
113(2)
6.2 Storage Media Power Characteristics
115(3)
6.2.1 Hard Disks
115(2)
6.2.2 Magnetic Tapes
117(1)
6.2.3 Solid-State Drives (SSDs)
117(1)
6.3 Energy Management Techniques for Hard Disks
118(1)
6.3.1 State Transitioning
118(1)
6.3.2 Caching
118(1)
6.3.3 Dynamic RPM
119(1)
6.4 System-Level Energy Management
119(5)
6.4.1 RAID with Power Awareness
120(1)
6.4.2 Power-Aware Data Layout
120(1)
6.4.3 Hierarchical Storage Management
121(1)
6.4.4 Storage Virtualization
122(1)
6.4.5 Cloud Storage
123(1)
6.5 Summary and Research Areas
124(3)
Review Questions
124(1)
Discussion Questions
124(1)
References
124(3)
7 Green Networks and Communications
127(22)
Cathryn Peoples
Gerard Parr
Sally McClean
Philip Morrow
Key Points
127(1)
7.1 Introduction
127(5)
7.1.1 Green Network Communications and Management: Background
128(1)
7.1.2 The Challenge of Next-Generation Networks
129(1)
7.1.3 Benefits of Energy-Efficient Networks
130(1)
7.1.4 Objectives of Green Networking
131(1)
7.1.5 Core Components in Green-Networking Technology
132(1)
7.2 Objectives of Green Network Protocols
132(8)
7.2.1 Energy-Optimizing Protocol Design
133(2)
7.2.2 Bit Costs Associated with Network Communication Protocols
135(3)
7.2.3 Objectives of Green Network Protocols
138(2)
7.3 Green Network Protocols and Standards
140(5)
7.3.1 Strategies to Reduce Carbon Emissions
140(1)
7.3.2 Contributions from the EMAN Working Group
140(2)
7.3.3 Contributions from Standardization Bodies
142(1)
7.3.4 Context Detail to Drive Energy Efficiency
142(3)
7.4 Conclusions
145(4)
Acknowledgements
145(1)
Review Questions
145(1)
Discussion Questions
146(1)
References
146(2)
Further Reading and Useful Web Sites
148(1)
8 Enterprise Green IT Strategy
149(18)
Bhuvan Unhelkar
Key Points
149(1)
8.1 Introduction
149(2)
8.2 Approaching Green IT Strategies
151(2)
8.3 Business Drivers of Green IT Strategy
153(3)
8.3.1 Cost Reduction
153(1)
8.3.2 Demands from Legal and Regulatory Requirements
154(1)
8.3.3 Sociocultural and Political Pressure
155(1)
8.3.4 Enlightened Self-Interest
155(1)
8.3.5 Collaborative Business Ecosystem
155(1)
8.3.6 New Market Opportunities
156(1)
8.4 Business Dimensions for Green IT Transformation
156(4)
8.4.1 Economy
157(1)
8.4.2 Technology
157(1)
8.4.3 Process
158(1)
8.4.4 People
158(2)
8.5 Organizational Considerations in a Green IT Strategy
160(1)
8.6 Steps in Developing a Green IT Strategy
161(2)
8.7 Metrics and Measurements in Green Strategies
163(1)
8.8 Conclusions
164(3)
Review Questions
164(1)
Discussion Questions
164(1)
References
164(3)
9 Sustainable Information Systems and Green Metrics
167(32)
Edward Curry
Brian Donnellan
Key Points
167(1)
9.1 Introduction
167(1)
9.2 Multilevel Sustainable Information
168(2)
9.3 Sustainability Hierarchy Models
170(3)
9.3.1 Sustainability Frameworks
170(2)
9.3.2 Sustainability Principles
172(1)
9.3.3 Tools for Sustainability
172(1)
9.4 Product Level Information
173(1)
9.4.1 Life-Cycle Assessment
173(1)
9.4.2 The Four Stages of LCA
173(1)
9.4.3 CRT Monitors versus LCD Monitors: Life Cycle Assessment
174(1)
9.5 Individual Level Information
174(2)
9.6 Functional Level Information
176(2)
9.6.1 Data Centre Energy Efficiency
176(1)
9.6.2 Data Centre Power Metrics
176(1)
9.6.3 Emerging Data Centre Metrics
177(1)
9.7 Organizational Level Information
178(3)
9.7.1 Reporting Greenhouse Gas Emissions
178(3)
9.8 Regional/City Level Information
181(1)
9.8.1 Developing a City Sustainability Plan: A Case Study
181(1)
9.9 Measuring the Maturity of Sustainable ICT
182(7)
9.9.1 A Capability Maturity Framework for SICT
182(3)
9.9.2 Defining the Scope and Goal
185(1)
9.9.3 Capability Maturity Levels
185(1)
9.9.4 SICT Capability Building Blocks
186(2)
9.9.5 Assessing and Managing SICT Progress
188(1)
9.10 Conclusions
189(10)
Appendix: Sustainability Tools and Standards
190(5)
Acknowledgements
195(1)
Review Questions
195(1)
Discussion Questions
196(1)
References
196(1)
Further Reading and Useful Web Sites
197(1)
Tools and Carbon Calculators
198(1)
10 Enterprise Green IT Readiness
199(12)
Alemayehu Molla
Vanessa Cooper
Key Points
199(1)
10.1 Introduction
199(2)
10.2 Background: Readiness and Capability
201(1)
10.3 Development of the G-Readiness Framework
202(4)
10.3.1 Green IT Attitude
203(1)
10.3.2 Green IT Policy
204(1)
10.3.3 Green IT Governance
204(1)
10.3.4 Green IT Practice
205(1)
10.3.5 Green IT Technology
205(1)
10.4 Measuring an Organization's G-Readiness
206(1)
10.4.1 G-Readiness Consultancy Services
206(1)
10.4.2 Calculating the G-Readiness Index via a Survey Instrument
207(1)
10.5 Conclusions
207(4)
Review Questions
208(1)
Discussion Questions
209(1)
References
209(2)
11 Sustainable IT Services: Creating a Framework for Service Innovation
211(32)
Robert R. Harmon
Haluk Demirkan
Key Points
211(1)
11.1 Introduction
211(2)
11.2 Factors Driving the Development of Sustainable IT
213(6)
11.2.1 The Sustainability Dimensions of IT
213(3)
11.2.2 Corporate Sustainability, Social Responsibility and IT
216(3)
11.3 Sustainable IT Services (SITS)
219(5)
11.3.1 Developing a Service-Dominant Logic
219(1)
11.3.2 Business Value, Customer Value and Societal Value
220(2)
11.3.3 SITS as Service Science
222(2)
11.4 SITS Strategic Framework
224(5)
11.4.1 The SITS Value Curve
224(3)
11.4.2 Integrating Sustainable IT and Business Strategy
227(2)
11.5 Sustainable IT Roadmap
229(4)
11.5.1 Time Horizon
229(1)
11.5.2 Market Segments
229(1)
11.5.3 Products, Services and Technologies
229(2)
11.5.4 Compliance, Regulations, Standards and Reporting
231(1)
11.5.5 SITS Standards and Reporting
232(1)
11.5.6 Organizational Changes
232(1)
11.5.7 Value Goals
232(1)
11.6 SITS Leadership and Best Practices
233(4)
11.6.1 IBM
233(1)
11.6.2 Cisco Systems, Inc.
233(2)
11.6.3 Siemens AG
235(1)
11.6.4 HP
235(1)
11.6.5 Intel Corporation
235(1)
11.6.6 Microsoft Corporation
235(1)
11.6.7 Oracle
236(1)
11.6.8 Google
236(1)
11.6.9 Apple
236(1)
11.6.10 Samsung
236(1)
11.6.11 Pachube
236(1)
11.6.12 SeeClickFix
237(1)
11.7 Conclusions
237(1)
11.8 Summary
237(6)
Review Questions
238(1)
Discussion Questions
238(1)
References
238(4)
Useful Web Sites
242(1)
12 Green Enterprises and the Role of IT
243(22)
Joseph Sarkis
Key Points
243(1)
12.1 Introduction
243(1)
12.2 Organizational and Enterprise Greening
244(4)
12.2.1 The Green Enterprise: A Value Chain Perspective
245(3)
12.3 Information Systems in Greening Enterprises
248(7)
12.3.1 Environmental Management Information Systems
250(1)
12.3.2 Software and Databases
250(1)
12.3.3 ERP EMISs
250(4)
12.3.4 ERP Challenges and Deficiencies with Respect to EMIS
254(1)
12.3.5 Integrating Environmental and LCA Information with ERP
254(1)
12.3.6 Electronic Environmental and Sustainability Reporting
255(1)
12.4 Greening the Enterprise: IT Usage and Hardware
255(1)
12.4.1 Environmental Information Technology Standards
256(1)
12.4.2 Green Management of Data Centres
256(1)
12.5 Inter-organizational Enterprise Activities and Green Issues
256(5)
12.5.1 Electronic Commerce and Greening the Extended Enterprise
257(1)
12.5.2 Demanufacturing and Reverse Logistics
258(1)
12.5.3 Eco-Industrial Parks and Information Systems
259(2)
12.6 Enablers and Making the Case for IT and the Green Enterprise
261(1)
12.7 Conclusions
262(3)
Review Questions
262(1)
Discussion Questions
262(1)
References
263(2)
13 Environmentally Aware Business Process Improvement in the Enterprise Context
265(18)
Konstantin Hoesch-Klohe
Aditya Ghose
Key Points
265(1)
13.1 Introduction
265(1)
13.2 Identifying the Environmental Impact of an Activity or Process
266(2)
13.2.1 Educated Guess by an Expert
266(1)
13.2.2 Derivation from a Resource Model
267(1)
13.2.3 Carbon-Dioxide Accumulation
267(1)
13.2.4 Activity-Based Costing
267(1)
13.3 A Decision Support Tool for Environmentally Aware Business Process Improvement
268(2)
13.3.1 Some Preliminaries
268(1)
13.3.2 The Business Process Improvement System
269(1)
13.4 Process Improvement in the Enterprise Context
270(2)
13.4.1 The Enterprise Ecosystem
271(1)
13.4.2 Enterprise Ecosystem Equilibrium
272(1)
13.5 Impact and Change Propagation Analysis
272(3)
13.5.1 Identifying the Consequences of a Business Process Change
272(1)
13.5.2 Re-Establishing a State of Equilibrium
273(2)
13.6 Trade-Off Analysis
275(1)
13.6.1 Cost to Bring about the Change
275(1)
13.6.2 Environmental Operating Costs
276(1)
13.7 An Example
276(4)
13.7.1 As-Is Scenario
276(1)
13.7.2 Improvement Scenarios
277(1)
13.7.3 Assessing Scenarios
278(2)
13.8 Conclusions
280(3)
Review Questions
280(1)
Discussion Questions
280(1)
References
280(3)
14 Managing Green IT
283(14)
Linda R. Wilbanks
Key Points
283(1)
14.1 Introduction
283(1)
14.2 Strategizing Green Initiatives
284(4)
14.2.1 Strategic Thinking
284(1)
14.2.2 Strategic Planning
285(1)
14.2.3 Strategic Implementation
286(1)
14.2.4 Enterprise Architecture Planning
286(2)
14.3 Implementation of Green IT
288(4)
14.3.1 Return on Investment
289(1)
14.3.2 Metrics
290(1)
14.3.3 The Goal-Question-Metric (GQM) Paradigm
291(1)
14.4 Information Assurance
292(2)
14.4.1 Risk Management
292(2)
14.5 Communication and Social Media
294(1)
14.6 Case Study
295(1)
14.7 Summary
296(1)
Review Questions
296(1)
Discussion Questions
296(1)
References
296(1)
15 Regulating Green IT: Laws, Standards and Protocols
297(18)
Tom Butler
Key Points
297(1)
15.1 Introduction
297(2)
15.2 The Regulatory Environment and IT Manufacturers
299(4)
15.2.1 RoHS
300(1)
15.2.2 REACh
301(1)
15.2.3 WEEE
302(1)
15.2.4 Legislating for GHG Emissions and Energy Use of IT Equipment
303(1)
15.3 Nonregulatory Government Initiatives
303(2)
15.4 Industry Associations and Standards Bodies
305(1)
15.5 Green Building Standards
306(1)
15.6 Green Data Centres
306(2)
15.7 Social Movements and Greenpeace
308(3)
15.8 Conclusions
311(4)
Review Questions
312(1)
Discussion Questions
313(1)
References
313(1)
Further Reading
314(1)
16 Green Cloud Computing and Environmental Sustainability
315(26)
Saurabh Kumar Garg
Rajkumar Buyya
Key Points
315(1)
16.1 Introduction
315(3)
16.2 What is Cloud Computing?
318(4)
16.2.1 Cloud Computing Characteristics
318(1)
16.2.2 Components of Cloud Computing
319(2)
16.2.3 Cloud Computing Deployment Models
321(1)
16.3 Cloud Computing and Energy Usage Model: A Typical Example
322(3)
16.3.1 User and Cloud Software Applications
323(1)
16.3.2 Cloud Software Stack for the SaaS, PaaS and laaS Levels
323(1)
16.3.3 Network Devices
324(1)
16.3.4 Data Centres
325(1)
16.4 Features of Clouds Enabling Green Computing
325(2)
16.5 Towards Energy Efficiency of Cloud Computing
327(5)
16.5.1 Applications
327(1)
16.5.2 Cloud Software Stack: Virtualization and Provisioning
327(2)
16.5.3 Data Centre Level: Cooling, Hardware, Network and Storage
329(1)
16.5.4 Monitoring and Metering
330(1)
16.5.5 Network Infrastructure
331(1)
16.6 Green Cloud Architecture
332(2)
16.7 Case Study: IaaS Provider
334(2)
16.8 Conclusions and Future Directions
336(5)
Acknowledgements
337(1)
Review Questions
337(1)
Discussion Questions
337(1)
References
337(4)
17 Harnessing Semantic Web Technologies for the Environmental Sustainability of Production Systems
341(24)
Chris Davis
Igor Nikolic
Gerard Dijkema
Key Points
341(1)
17.1 Introduction
341(3)
17.2 Information Management for Environmental Sustainability
344(2)
17.2.1 Invisible Coordination
344(1)
17.2.2 Sustainability and Networks
344(1)
17.2.3 Need for Information Management Techniques
345(1)
17.3 Ecosystem of Software Tools
346(7)
17.3.1 MediaWiki
346(2)
17.3.2 Semantic MediaWiki
348(2)
17.3.3 SparqlExtension
350(1)
17.3.4 Semantic Web
351(2)
17.4 Examples of Managing Data
353(5)
17.4.1 Pages for Commodities
353(1)
17.4.2 Pages for Processes
354(2)
17.4.3 Pages for Overviews and Information Management
356(2)
17.4.4 Reuse of Data across Multiple Levels and Points of View
358(1)
17.5 Challenges and Guiding Principles
358(2)
17.5.1 Challenges
358(1)
17.5.2 Guiding Principles
359(1)
17.6 Conclusions
360(5)
Review Questions
361(1)
Discussion Questions
361(1)
References
361(2)
Further Reading and Useful Web Sites
363(2)
18 Green IT: An Outlook
365(16)
San Murugesan
G.R. Gangadharan
Key Points
365(1)
18.1 Introduction
365(1)
18.2 Awareness to Implementation
366(2)
18.2.1 Green IT Trends
366(1)
18.2.2 Green Engineering
367(1)
18.3 Greening by IT
368(5)
18.3.1 Using RFID for Environmental Sustainability
368(1)
18.3.2 Smart Grids
369(2)
18.3.3 Smart Buildings and Homes
371(1)
18.3.4 Green Supply Chain and Logistics
371(1)
18.3.5 Enterprise-Wide Environmental Sustainability
372(1)
18.4 Green IT: A Megatrend?
373(2)
18.4.1 Outsourcing and Environmental Attributes
374(1)
18.4.2 Green Audit
375(1)
18.5 A Seven-Step Approach to Creating Green IT Strategy
375(1)
18.5.1 Balancing the Costs and Benefits of Going Green
376(1)
18.6 Research and Development Directions
376(1)
18.7 Prospects
377(4)
Review Questions
378(1)
Discussion Questions
378(1)
References
378(3)
Glossary 381(8)
Index 389
Dr San Murugesan, University of Western Sydney, Australia San Murugesan is Adjunct Professor in the School of Computing and Mathematics at the University of Western Sydney, Australia; and an independent IT, Research and education consultant. He is Director of the consulting firm BRITE Professional Services. He holds PhD; MTech and BE (Hons) degrees. Dr. G.R. Gangadharan, Politecnico di Milano, Italy G.R. Gangadharan is working as a Researcher in Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy. Prior to joining in PoliMi, he worked as a researcher at Novay (Telematica Institute), Enschede, Netherlands from June 2008 to February 2010. His research interests are mainly located on the interface between technological and business perspectives. He has received Ph.D. degree in Information and Communication Technology (2008) from the University of Trento, Trento, Italy and European University Association.
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